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Elizalde-Velázquez LE, Yordanova IA, Liublin W, Adjah J, Leben R, Rausch S, Niesner R, Hartmann S. Th2 and metabolic responses to nematodes are independent of prolonged host microbiota abrogation. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12957. [PMID: 36396405 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment can lead to elimination of both pathogenic bacteria and beneficial commensals, as well as to altered host immune responses. Here, we investigated the influence of prolonged antibiotic treatment (Abx) on effector, memory and recall Th2 immune responses during the primary infection, memory phase and secondary infection with the small intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Abx treatment significantly reduced gut bacterial loads, but neither worm burdens, nor worm fecundity in primary infection were affected, only worm burdens in secondary infection were elevated in Abx treated mice. Abx mice displayed trends for elevated effector and memory Th2 responses during primary infection, but overall frequencies of Th2 cells in the siLP, PEC, mLN and in the spleen were similar between Abx treated and untreated groups. Gata3+ effector and memory Th2 cytokine responses also remained unimpaired by prolonged Abx treatment. Similarly, the energy production and defence mechanisms of the host tissue and the parasite depicted by NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) did not change by the prolonged use of antibiotics. We show evidence that the host Th2 response to intestinal nematodes, as well as host and parasite metabolic pathways are robust and remain unimpaired by host microbiota abrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivet A Yordanova
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wjatscheslaw Liublin
- Biophysical Analytics, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute and Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua Adjah
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Leben
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Biophysical Analytics, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute and Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rausch
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Biophysical Analytics, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute and Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Yordanova IA, Elizalde-Velázquez LE, Hartmann S. Immunization with excretory-secretory molecules of intestinal nematodes induces antigen-specific protective memory Th2 cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250237. [PMID: 36781418 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes infect more than 1 billion people in the global south. The development of effective antihelminthic vaccines is a crucial tool for their future elimination. Protective immune responses to nematodes depend on Gata3+ Th2 cells, which can also be induced by nematode-released products. Whether these nematode products induce antigen-specific long-lived memory T cells and thereby confer protection against a challenge infection is not known yet. Hence, we set out to characterize the formation of memory Th2 cells induced by immunization with Heligmosomoides polygyrus excretory-secretory (HES) products, infection-induced versus immunization-induced recall responses to a challenge infection, and whether HES-induced memory T cells show protective properties following adoptive transfer. Our results show that 8 weeks postimmunization, HES induces long-lived functional memory Th2 cells at the site of immunization in the peritoneal cavity. Following a H. polygyrus challenge infection, HES-immunized mice display MHC-II-dependent antigen-specific Th2 cytokine responses in the gut-draining lymph nodes, comparable to those induced by a prior natural infection. Moreover, adoptive transfer of sorted memory CD4+ T cells from HES-immunized donors reduces female worm fecundity following a challenge H. polygyrus infection in recipient mice, highlighting a protective role for immunization-induced memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivet A Yordanova
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jabri MA, Hajaji S, Rtibi K, Sebai H. Role of Anti-Inflammatory, Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity and Nematicidal Properties of Myrtle Berry Seeds on Helminthiasis Treatment. J Med Food 2020; 24:377-384. [PMID: 32986497 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokine production in the pathogenicity of gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in mice and also the protective effect of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) berry seeds aqueous extract (MBSAE). With this aim, Swiss Albino mice were divided into four groups of 10 animals each: control, helminthiasis, helminthiasis + MBSAE, and helminthiasis + Albendazole. The animals were infected with infective third larval stage (L3) of H. polygyrus by oral administration. Mice were treated with bidistilled water, MBSAE (100 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) or Albendazole (100 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.). We have demonstrated that MBSAE (100 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) significantly reduced the total mean adult worms compared with the infected and nontreated group. Moreover, hematological parameters, intestinal ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH•), and superoxide anion (O2•-), as well as serum cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were analyzed. We have shown that H. polygyrus infection has disrupted all these biochemical parameters and that MBSAE treatment has significantly corrected these disturbances. The effect of plant extract was comparable to the standard drug albendazole. Therefore, MBSAE appeared to be a promising agent for the control of intestinal helminthiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Hajaji
- Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Manouba, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi thabet, Sidi thabet, Tunisia
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
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Ferrer-Font L, Mehta P, Harmos P, Schmidt AJ, Chappell S, Price KM, Hermans IF, Ronchese F, le Gros G, Mayer JU. High-dimensional analysis of intestinal immune cells during helminth infection. eLife 2020; 9:51678. [PMID: 32041687 PMCID: PMC7012606 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell isolation from helminth-infected murine intestines has been notoriously difficult, due to the strong anti-parasite type 2 immune responses that drive mucus production, tissue remodeling and immune cell infiltration. Through the systematic optimization of a standard intestinal digestion protocol, we were able to successfully isolate millions of immune cells from the heavily infected duodenum. To validate that these cells gave an accurate representation of intestinal immune responses, we analyzed them using a high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry panel and confirmed our findings by confocal microscopy. Our cell isolation protocol and high-dimensional analysis allowed us to identify many known hallmarks of anti-parasite immune responses throughout the entire course of helminth infection and has the potential to accelerate single-cell discoveries of local helminth immune responses that have previously been unfeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palak Mehta
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Phoebe Harmos
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Sally Chappell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kylie M Price
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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