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Al-Bukhari MS, Abdulazeez I, Abdelnaby MM, Aljundi IH, Al Hamouz OCS. 3D porous polymers for selective removal of CO 2 and H 2 storage: experimental and computational studies. Front Chem 2023; 11:1265324. [PMID: 37744064 PMCID: PMC10513180 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1265324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, newly designed 3D porous polymers with tuned porosity were synthesized by the polycondensation of tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane with pyrrole to form M1 polymer and with phenazine to form M2 polymer. The polymerization reaction used p-formaldehyde as a linker and nitric acid as a catalyst. The newly designed 3D porous polymers showed permanent porosity with a BET surface area of 575 m2/g for M1 and 389 m2/g for M2. The structure and thermal stability were investigated by solid 13C-NMR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The performance of the synthesized polymers toward CO2 and H2 was evaluated, demonstrating adsorption capacities of 1.85 mmol/g and 2.10 mmol/g for CO2 by M1 and M2, respectively. The importance of the synthesized polymers lies in their selectivity for CO2 capture, with CO2/N2 selectivity of 43 and 51 for M1 and M2, respectively. M1 and M2 polymers showed their capability for hydrogen storage with a capacity of 66 cm3/g (0.6 wt%) and 87 cm3/g (0.8 wt%), respectively, at 1 bar and 77 K. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method revealed the presence of considerable microporosity on M2, making it highly selective to CO2. The exceptional removal capabilities, combined with the high thermal stability and microporosity, enable M2 to be a potential material for flue gas purification and hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muath S. Al-Bukhari
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Abdulazeez
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Abdelnaby
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam H. Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Charles S. Al Hamouz
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Tachikawa H, Izumi Y, Iyama T, Abe S, Watanabe I. Aluminum-Doping Effects on the Electronic States of Graphene Nanoflake: Diffusion and Hydrogen Storage Mechanism. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2046. [PMID: 37513057 PMCID: PMC10384847 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoflakes are widely utilized as high-performance molecular devices due to their chemical stability and light weight. In the present study, the interaction of aluminum species with graphene nanoflake (denoted as GR-Al) has been investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method to elucidate the doping effects of Al metal on the electronic states of GR. The mechanisms of the diffusion of Al on GR surface and the hydrogen storage of GR-Al were also investigated in detail. The neutral, mono-, di-, and trivalent Al ions (expressed as Al, Al+, Al2+, and Al3+, respectively) were examined as the Al species. The DFT calculations showed that the charge transfer interaction between Al and GR plays an important role in the binding of Al species to GR. The diffusion path of Al on GR surface was determined: the barrier heights of Al diffusion were calculated to be 2.1-2.8 kcal mol-1, which are lower than Li+ on GR (7.2 kcal/mol). The possibility of using GR-Al for hydrogen storage was also discussed on the basis of the theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Tachikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Izumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Iyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Abe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Ikuya Watanabe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
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Esrafili MD. Ca functionalized N-doped porphyrin-like porous C 60 as an efficient material for storage of molecular hydrogen. J Mol Model 2021; 28:20. [PMID: 34964072 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-05015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that decorating metal atoms on defective carbon nanomaterials is a useful approach to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity of these systems. Herein, density functional theory calculations are used to determine the H2 storage capacity of Ca functionalized nitrogen incorporated defective C60 fullerenes (Ca6C24N24). The strong binding, uniform distribution, and significant positive charges of the Ca atoms make this system effective material for storage of H2. Ca6C24N24 may adsorb a maximum of 6 hydrogen molecules per Ca atom, yielding a total gravimetric density of 7.7 wt %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi D Esrafili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55136-553, Maragheh, Iran.
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Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is one of the best candidates to replace current petroleum energy resources due to its rich abundance and clean combustion. However, the storage of H2 presents a major challenge. There are two methods for storing H2 fuel, chemical and physical, both of which have some advantages and disadvantages. In physical storage, highly porous organic polymers are of particular interest, since they are low cost, easy to scale up, metal-free, and environmentally friendly. In this review, highly porous polymers for H2 fuel storage are examined from five perspectives: (a) brief comparison of H2 storage in highly porous polymers and other storage media; (b) theoretical considerations of the physical storage of H2 molecules in porous polymers; (c) H2 storage in different classes of highly porous organic polymers; (d) characterization of microporosity in these polymers; and (e) future developments for highly porous organic polymers for H2 fuel storage. These topics will provide an introductory overview of highly porous organic polymers in H2 fuel storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Cousins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 5500, USA.
| | - Renwu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 5500, USA.
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Baca M, Cendrowski K, Kukulka W, Bazarko G, Moszyński D, Michalkiewicz B, Kalenczuk RJ, Zielinska B. A Comparison of Hydrogen Storage in Pt, Pd and Pt/Pd Alloys Loaded Disordered Mesoporous Hollow Carbon Spheres. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E639. [PMID: 30134612 PMCID: PMC6163314 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive study to evaluate the ability of hydrogen uptake by disordered mesoporous hollow carbon spheres doped witch metal such as Pt, Pd or Pt/Pd was conducted. They were synthesized facilely using sonication and then calcination process under vacuum at the temperature of 550 °C. The effect on hydrogen sorption at neat-ambient conditions (40 °C, up to 45 bar) was thoroughly analyzed. The results clearly revealed that metal functionalization has a significant impact on the hydrogen storage capacity as the mechanism of gas uptake depends on two factors: metal type and certain size of particles. Thus, functionalized spheres adsorb hydrogen by physisorption forming metal hydrides or metal hydrides combined with hydrogen spillover effect. As a result, a sample with narrower distribution of nanoparticles and smaller specific size exhibited enhanced hydrogen uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Baca
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Al. Piastow 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Cendrowski
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Al. Piastow 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kukulka
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Al. Piastow 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Bazarko
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Al. Piastow 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Moszyński
- Institute of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Beata Michalkiewicz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ryszard J Kalenczuk
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Al. Piastow 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Beata Zielinska
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Al. Piastow 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
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Aduenko AA, Murray A, Mendoza-Cortes JL. General Theory of Absorption in Porous Materials: Restricted Multilayer Theory. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:13244-13251. [PMID: 29580051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present an approach for the generalization of adsorption of light gases in porous materials. This new theory goes beyond Langmuir and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theories, which are the standard approaches that have a limited application to crystalline porous materials by their unphysical assumptions on the amount of possible adsorption layers. The derivation of a more general equation for any crystalline porous framework is presented, restricted multilayer theory. Our approach allows the determination of gas uptake considering only geometrical constraints of the porous framework and the interaction energy of the guest molecule with the framework. On the basis of this theory, we calculated optimal values for the adsorption enthalpy at different temperatures and pressures. We also present the use of this theory to determine the optimal linker length for a topologically equivalent framework series. We validate this theoretical approach by applying it to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and show that it reproduces the experimental results for seven different reported materials. We obtained the universal equation for the optimal linker length, given the topology of a porous framework. This work applied the general equation to MOFs and H2 to create energy-storage materials; however, this theory can be applied to other crystalline porous materials and light gases, which opens the possibility of designing the next generations of energy-storage materials by first considering only the geometrical constraints of the porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Aduenko
- Department of Control and Applied Mathematics , Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny 141700 , Russia
| | | | - Jose L Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering , FAMU-FSU Joint College of Engineering , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
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Wang G, Leus K, Zhao S, Van Der Voort P. Newly Designed Covalent Triazine Framework Based on Novel N-Heteroaromatic Building Blocks for Efficient CO 2 and H 2 Capture and Storage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:1244-1249. [PMID: 29235840 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a set of novel covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) were prepared by trimerization of 4,4',4″,4‴-(1,4-phenylenebis(pyridine-4,2,6-triyl))tetrabenzonitrile in molten ZnCl2 under ionothermal conditions. The influence of several parameters such as the ZnCl2/monomer ratio and reaction temperature on the structure and porosity of the resulting frameworks was systematically examined. After a thorough characterization, their performance in H2 and CO2 adsorption as well as their selectivity of CO2 over N2 was assessed. Notably, the CTF obtained using 20 molar equiv of ZnCl2 at a reaction temperature of 400 °C (CTF-20-400) exhibits an excellent CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.48 mmol/g at 1 bar and 273 K as well as a significantly high H2 uptake of 1.5 wt % at 1 bar and 77 K. These values belong to the top levels for all the CTFs measured under identical conditions to date. In addition, the obtained CTFs also present a relatively high CO2/N2 selectivity (up to 36 at 298 K), making them promising adsorbents for gas sorption and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Wang
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen Leus
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shuna Zhao
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Lee YJ, Talapaneni SN, Coskun A. Chemically Activated Covalent Triazine Frameworks with Enhanced Textural Properties for High Capacity Gas Storage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:30679-30685. [PMID: 28782930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical activation of porous/nonporous materials to achieve high surface area sorbents with enhanced textural properties is a very promising strategy. The chemical activation using KOH, however, could lead to broad distribution of pores originating from the simultaneous pore deepening and widening pathways. Accordingly, establishing correlation between the chemical/textural properties of starting porous/nonporous materials and various pore formation mechanisms is quite critical to realize superior porosity and gas uptake properties. Here, we show that the chemical and textural properties of starting porous organic polymers, that is, covalent triazine frameworks (CTF), have profound effect on the resulting porosity of the frameworks. The chemical activation of microporous CTF-1 using KOH at 700 °C enabled the preparation of chemically activated CTF-1, caCTF-1-700, which predominantly showed pore deepening, leading to an increased surface area of 2367 m2 g-1 and significantly enhanced gas adsorption properties with CO2 uptake capacities up to 6.0 mmol g-1 at 1 bar and 1.45 mmol g-1 at 0.15 bar and 273 K along with a isosteric heats of adsorption (Qst) of 30.6 kJ mol-1. In addition, a remarkable H2 uptake capacity of 2.46 and 1.66 wt % at 77 and 87 K, 1 bar along with the Qst value of 10.95 kJ mol-1 at zero coverage was also observed for the caCTF-1-700. Notably, the activation of mesoporous CTF-2 under the same conditions was accompanied by a decrease in its surface area and also in the conversion of mesopores into the micropores, thus leading to a pore deepening/narrowing rather than widening. We attributed this result to the presence of reactive weak spots, triazine moieties, for the chemical activation reaction within the CTF backbone. These results collectively suggest the critical role of chemical and pore characteristics of porous organic polymers in chemical activation to realize solid-sorbents for high capacity gas storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Siddulu Naidu Talapaneni
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Coskun
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg , Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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Wang L, Onishi N, Murata K, Hirose T, Muckerman JT, Fujita E, Himeda Y. Efficient Hydrogen Storage and Production Using a Catalyst with an Imidazoline-Based, Proton-Responsive Ligand. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:1071-1075. [PMID: 27860395 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of new imidazoline-based iridium complexes has been developed for hydrogenation of CO2 and dehydrogenation of formic acid. One of the proton-responsive complexes bearing two -OH groups at ortho and para positions on a coordinating pyridine ring (3 b) can catalyze efficiently the chemical fixation of CO2 and release H2 under mild conditions in aqueous media without using organic additives/solvents. Notably, hydrogenation of CO2 can be efficiently carried out under CO2 and H2 at atmospheric pressure in basic water by 3 b, achieving a turnover frequency of 106 h-1 and a turnover number of 7280 at 25 °C, which are higher than ever reported. Moreover, highly efficient CO-free hydrogen production from formic acid in aqueous solution employing the same catalyst under mild conditions has been achieved, thus providing a promising potential H2 -storage system in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Research Institute of Energy Frontier, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Naoya Onishi
- Research Institute of Energy Frontier, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Murata
- Research Institute of Energy Frontier, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takuji Hirose
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - James T Muckerman
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Yuichiro Himeda
- Research Institute of Energy Frontier, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
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Bandyopadhyay S, Anil AG, James A, Patra A. Multifunctional Porous Organic Polymers: Tuning of Porosity, CO 2, and H 2 Storage and Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:27669-27678. [PMID: 27696852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of porous organic polymers (POPs) were fabricated based on a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) core. The variation of the substituents in the BODIPY core and the fine-tuning of the Sonogashira polycondenzation reaction with 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene led to the formation of POPs with a wide range of surface area and porosity. A 10-fold increase in surface area from 73 m2 g-1 in BDT1a polymer to 1010 m2 g-1 in BDT3 was obtained. Simultaneously, the porosity was changed from mesoporous to ultramicroporous. The surface area of BDT3 turned out to be the highest reported so far for BODIPY-based POPs. Molecular dynamics simulation coupled with Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations revealed the effect of substituents alkyl groups and rigidity of the core structures on the surface properties of the POPs. Detailed gas adsorption studies of the polymers revealed a high uptake of CO2 and H2. The highest uptake capacity of 16.5 wt % for CO2 at 273 K and 2.2 wt % for H2 at 77 K was observed for BDT3 at 1 bar pressure. The isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) of BDT3 for CO2 was found to be as high as 30.6 kJ mol-1. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies revealed the generation of singlet oxygen upon photoexcitation of these polymers. The BODIPY-based POPs turned out to be excellent catalysts for visible-light-driven photo-oxidation of thioanisole. The present study establishes BODIPY-based POPs as a new class of multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Bandyopadhyay
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Indore Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Amith G Anil
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Indore Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Anto James
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Indore Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Indore Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
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Song KS, Kim D, Polychronopoulou K, Coskun A. Synthesis of Highly Porous Coordination Polymers with Open Metal Sites for Enhanced Gas Uptake and Separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:26860-26867. [PMID: 27652603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-containing amorphous microporous polymers are an emerging class of functional porous materials in which the surface properties and functions of polymers are dictated by the nature of the metal ions incorporated into the framework. In an effort to introduce coordinatively unsaturated metal sites into the porous polymers, we demonstrate herein an aqueous-phase synthesis of porous coordination polymers (PCPs) incorporating bis(o-diiminobenzosemiquinonato)-Cu(II) or -Ni(II) bridges by simply reacting hexaminotriptycene with CuSO4·5H2O [Cu(II)-PCP] or NiCl2·6H2O [Ni(II)-PCP] in H2O. The resulting polymers showed surface areas of up to 489 m2 g-1 along with a narrow pore size distribution. The presence of open metal sites significantly improved the gas affinity of these frameworks, leading to an exceptional isosteric heat of adsorption of 10.3 kJ·mol-1 for H2 at zero coverage. The high affinities of Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-PCPs toward CO2 prompted us to investigate the removal of CO2 from natural and landfill gas conditions. We found that the higher affinity of Cu(II)-PCP compared to that of Ni(II)-PCP not only allowed for the tuning of the affinity of CO2 molecules toward the sorbent, but also led to an exceptional CO2/CH4 selectivity of 35.1 for landfill gas and 20.7 for natural gas at 298 K. These high selectivities were further verified by breakthrough measurements under the simulated natural and landfill gas conditions, in which both Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-PCPs showed complete removal of CO2. These results clearly demonstrate the promising attributes of metal-containing porous polymers for gas storage and separation applications.
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