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Tomić Sremec N, Kozmar A, Sremec J, Anić B, Batinić D. Properties of Uncommon Indirect Immunofluorescence Staining Patterns Determined during Antinuclear Antibody Detection on HEp-2 Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3866. [PMID: 34501315 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of uncommon staining patterns found during testing for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and to determine their association with certain antibodies and clinical diagnoses. Presence of ANA and the staining pattern was determined in 10955 samples using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells. ANA-positive samples were assessed for presence of 14 specific antibody types using a microbead based system. Demographic data (age, sex) and clinical diagnoses were collected from the referral documentation. Particular staining patterns were then compared with a representative comparison group comprised of samples with common staining patterns using these criteria. There were 22 patterns present in less than 3% of samples each and these were jointly present in 42.43% of ANA-positive samples. Specific antibodies were found in proportions similar to the comparison group (46.06%) and varied significantly between patterns. Likewise, there were significant differences in antibody distribution in particular patterns. Some patterns were associated with presence of rheumatic diseases or inflammatory arthropathies, while in others there was a concurrent diagnosis of liver disease, or a neoplastic process. Many of the uncommon IIF patterns have distinctive characteristics that warrant further investigation in order to determine their role in diagnosing various diseases, not limited only to the illnesses of the rheumatic spectrum. IIF on HEp-2 cells remains an irreplaceable method because of the diversity of ANA, only a number of which can be detected using other standardised methods.
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Francescantonio ICM, Dos Santos LAR, Francescantonio PLC, Andrade LEC, de Melo Cruvinel W. Rheumatologist perspective of the Brazilian consensus for detection of auto antibodies in HEp-2 CELLS. Adv Rheumatol 2021; 61:32. [PMID: 34108043 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-021-00190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perception of rheumatologists regarding the recommendations of the Brazilian Consensus for detection of Autoantibodies (BCA) on HEp-2 Cells by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and how BCA recommendations help in clinical practice. METHODOLOGY A structured questionnaire regarding the BCA recommendations for detection and interpretations of autoantibodies in HEp-2 cells was applied to randomly selected rheumatologists. The results were tabulated using the Microsoft® Excel program, expressed as a simple percentage and the dichotomous data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Epi Info® program. RESULTS Four hundred fuorteen rheumatologists participated in the study: 70% of them considered their knowledge of the HEp-2 IFA test satisfactory or excellent, and 43% said they knew the BCA recommendations in general, without distinguishing the edition of the BCA to which they refer. The Revista Brasileira de Rheumatologia/Advances in Rheumatology was the means of dissemination most consulted by specialists (50%). According to the rheumatologists' opinion, the most relevant pattern was the homogeneous nuclear (78%) and 65% stated they were satisfied with the BCA recommendations at a level of satisfaction greater than or equal to 80%. There was no significant difference in the perception of rheumatologists from the several Brazilian geographic regions. CONCLUSION Brazilian rheumatologists are aware of the BCA guidelines and most are satisfied with the content published, considering that the BCA recommendations assist positively in the clinical practice. Most rheumatologists recognize the patterns associated with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and have used BCA recommendations to interpret the results of the HEp-2 IFA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Carvalho Medeiros Francescantonio
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Luiz Carvalho Francescantonio
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Disciplina de Reumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Divisão de Imunologia, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson de Melo Cruvinel
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Fusi M, Dotti S. Adaptation of the HEp-2 cell line to totally animal-free culture systems and real-time analysis of cell growth. Biotechniques 2021; 70:319-326. [PMID: 34024160 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine cell culture demands the use of animal-derived products, mainly fetal bovine serum and swine or bovine trypsin. According to the 3Rs principle and to the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, animal-free substitutes are strongly recommended for in vitro methods. In this study, the HEp-2 cell line was adapted to different totally animal-free culture systems, such as a serum-free complete medium (VP-SFM), human platelet lysate and a synthetic trypsin (TrypLE™ Express); afterward, cell growth was assessed with the xCELLigence instrument. Animal-free products provided promising results, with performances similar or preferable to the common reagents; therefore their use could be encouraged for both ethical and technical advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fusi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, via Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Dotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, via Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
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Abd El-Hamid IS, Mouselhy YY, El-Shafei MM, Sayed MM, Mohamed AF, Farag DB. COX-2 Docking Structural Analysis with Phytochemical Extracts of Rosemary: A Possible Cytotoxicity on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line ( HEp-2). Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1473-1480. [PMID: 31244433 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190618121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various phenolic phytochemical extracts have been claimed to exhibit different types of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-carcinogenic activity. Carnosol and carnosic acid, extracts of rosemary, are among these phenolic compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS CHARMm-based molecular docking was performed to estimate the possible molecular interactions of both carnosic acid and carnosol with the COX-2 active binding site. An MTT assay was used to evaluate HEp-2 cell viability after incubation for 48 hours with low or high concentrations of carnosol, carnosic acid or their combination. The levels of COX-2 were measured in cell lysate by the quantitative indirect ELISA technique. RESULTS Docking revealed favourable negative binding energies as well as binding interactions of both carnosic acid and carnosol within the binding site of the COX-2 receptor. Carnosic acid showed more favourable binding potential than carnosol. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc tests revealed significant differences in cytotoxicity among cells treated with different concentrations of the rosemary extracts (P< 0.001). ELISA revealed significant reductions in COX-2 protein levels in HEp-2 cells treated with either carnosic acid (-1.42- fold) or carnosol (-3.16-fold) compared to control cells. CONCLUSION Both rosemary extracts, carnosol and carnosic acid, exert potential cytotoxic effects on the HEp-2 cell line via inhibition of the COX-2 pathway. The combination of carnosol and carnosic acid exerts a stronger cytotoxic effect than either compound alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yara Y Mouselhy
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M El-Shafei
- Histopathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aly F Mohamed
- International Center for Training and Advanced Research (ICTAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa B Farag
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nguyen ML, Gennis E, Pena KC, Blaho JA. Comparison of HEp-2 and Vero Cell Responses Reveal Unique Proapoptotic Activities of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 α0 Gene Transcript and Product. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:998. [PMID: 31139162 PMCID: PMC6518028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have provided evidence suggesting a role for apoptosis in the control of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) latency. HSV-1 induces and then later blocks apoptosis in infected cells. The immediate early viral gene α0, which synthesizes the ICP0 protein, is necessary and sufficient for HSV-1-induced apoptosis in human epithelial (HEp-2) cells. While previous research showed that ICP0 protein synthesis is not necessary for HSV-1-induced apoptosis in infected HEp-2 cells, circumstantial evidence suggested that it might be needed in infected African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells. In this study, we determined the specific aspects of α0 needed to trigger apoptosis in these two cell types. HEp-2 cells transfected with α0 expressing plasmids that generated either full-length, truncated, or no detectable (multiple stop codons) ICP0 protein died through apoptosis. This indicates that ICP0 protein is not necessary for α0-induced apoptosis and that α0 mRNA alone has apoptotic induction properties in HEp-2 cells. We next investigated the primary structure of α0's mRNA to better define its proapoptotic ability. Since α0 is one of the few HSV-1 genes that are spliced, we transfected cells with a plasmid expressing ICP0 from cDNA copy, pcDNAICP0. The cells transfected with pcDNAICP0 underwent apoptosis at a level equivalent to those transfected with the genomic copy of α0, which indicates that neither splicing events nor introns are required for the apoptotic function of α0 in HEp-2 cells. Next, we studied the ability of α0 to cause apoptosis in Vero cells. Since HSV-1-induced apoptosis in Vero cells requires protein synthesis early in infection, proteins synthesized with immediate early kinetics may facilitate apoptosis. Vero cells were transfected with plasmids producing either full-length ICP0 or ICP0 truncated at codon 212. Full-length ICP0, but not truncated ICP0, induced apoptosis in Vero cells. Together, these results suggest that α0 gene expression triggers apoptosis, but ICP0 protein is needed to facilitate apoptosis in Vero cells. In addition, ICP0's facilitation activity may lie in its carboxyl-terminated domain. Thus, our results demonstrate that α0's mRNA and protein possess proapoptotic properties. The requirement for ICP0 protein during HSV-dependent apoptosis appears to be cell type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Elisabeth Gennis
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristen C Pena
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - John A Blaho
- NYC Regional Innovation Node, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Infantino M, Meacci F, Grossi V, Manfredi M, Benucci M, Merone M, Soda P. The burden of the variability introduced by the HEp-2 assay kit and the CAD system in ANA indirect immunofluorescence test. Immunol Res 2018; 65:345-354. [PMID: 27456204 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the recent recommendations of the American College of Rheumatology, ANA Task Force, IIF technique should be considered the gold standard in antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) testing. To overcome the lack of standardization, biomedical industries have developed several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. Two hundred and sixty-one consecutive samples with suspected autoimmune diseases were tested for ANA by means of IIF on routinely HEp-2 assay kit (Euroimmun AG). Assignment of result was made if consensus for positive/negative was reached by at least 2 out of 3 expert physicians. ANA-IIF was also carried out using 3 CAD systems: Zenit G-Sight (n = 84), Helios (n = 85) and NOVA View (n = 92); human evaluation was repeated on the same substrate of each CAD system (Immco, Aesku and Inova HEp-2 cells, respectively). To anonymize the results, we randomly named these three systems as A, B and C. We ran a statistical analysis computing several measures of agreement between the ratings, and we also improved the evaluation by using the Wilcoxon's test for nonparametric data. Agreement between the human readings on routinely HEp-2 assay kit and human readings on CAD HEp-2 assay was substantial for A (k = 0.82) and B (k = 0.72), and almost perfect for C (k = 0.89). Such readings were statistically different only in case A. Comparing experts' readings with the readings of CAD systems, when the samples were prepared using CAD HEp-2 assay kits, we found almost perfect agreement for B and C (k = 0.86; k = 0.82) and substantial agreement for A (k = 0.73). Again, human and CAD readings were statistically different only in A. When we compared the readings of medical experts on routinely HEp-2 assay kit with the output of the CAD systems that worked using their own slides, we found substantial agreement for all the systems (A: k = 0.62; B: k = 0.65; C: k = 0.71). Such readings were not statistically different. The change of the assay kit and/or the introduction of a CAD system affect the laboratory reporting, with an evident impact on the autoimmune laboratory workflow. The CAD systems may represent one of the most important novel elements of harmonization in the autoimmunity field, reducing intra- and inter-laboratory variability in a new vision of the diagnostic autoimmune platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Infantino
- Immunology and Allergy Laboratory, S.Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Via Torregalli, 3, 50143, Florence, Italy.
| | - F Meacci
- Immunology and Allergy Laboratory, S.Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Via Torregalli, 3, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - V Grossi
- Immunology and Allergy Laboratory, S.Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Via Torregalli, 3, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - M Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergy Laboratory, S.Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Via Torregalli, 3, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - M Benucci
- Rheumatology Unit, S.Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Via Torregalli, 3, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - M Merone
- Computer Systems & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - P Soda
- Computer Systems & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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Omidi S, Soltan Dallal MM, Davoodabadi A, Mazaheri Nezhad Fard R, Usefi M, Bakhtiari R. Invasion of HEp-2 cells by Shigella spp. isolated from acute pediatric diarrhea. GMS Infect Dis 2017; 5:Doc05. [PMID: 30671327 PMCID: PMC6301722 DOI: 10.3205/id000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim:Shigella infection is an important global health problem in developing countries where hygiene is poor and hence shigellosis is a main cause of diarrhoea-associated mortality and morbidity, particularly in children under the age of five. The bacterial entry into colon and rectal epithelial cells has been named ‘bacterium-directed phagocytosis’. This term highlights that the bacteria actively stimulate their own uptake into non-professional phagocytes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the invasion of HEp-2 cells by Shigella spp. isolated from acute pediatric diarrhea in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Three-hundred and ten non-duplicative diarrheal stool samples were collected from the children admitted to Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Samples were cultured and suspected colonies were identified by routine microbiological and biochemical tests. The invasion of the two isolated Shigella spp. to HEp-2 cells was studied. Results: Of 310 stool samples, 16 (5.2%) Shigella spp. were isolated, including seven (43.7%) S. sonnei and nine (56.3%) S. flexneri. Four (44.4%) S. sonnei and seven (42.8%) S. flexneri showed invasive phenotype to HEp-2. Conclusion:Shigella sonnei and S. flexneri are reported as the most prevalent Shigella spp. in nature which infect humans. Invasion of various cell lines gives the chance of survival to Shigella spp. This ability causes more virulent infections in the host. Despite costly and time consuming cell culture techniques, the current method described in this paper is reliable for detecting invasive behavior of Shigella spp. Results have also shown that not all the Shigella spp. are able to invade intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Omidi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazle Davoodabadi
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard
- Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marayam Usefi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Bakhtiari
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kudva IT, Carter MQ, Sharma VK, Stasko JA, Giron JA. Curli Temper Adherence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Squamous Epithelial Cells from the Bovine Recto-Anal Junction in a Strain-Dependent Manner. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e02594-16. [PMID: 27742683 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02594-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that intimin and the locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded proteins do not play a role in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) adherence to the bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (RSE) cells. To define factors that play a contributory role, we investigated the role of curli, fimbrial adhesins commonly implicated in adherence to various fomites and plant and human epithelial cells, in O157 adherence to RSE cells. Specifically, we examined (i) wild-type strains of O157; (ii) curli variants of O157 strains; (iii) isogenic curli deletion mutants of O157; and (iv) adherence inhibition of O157 using anti-curlin sera. Results of these experiments conducted under stringent conditions suggest that curli do not solely contribute to O157 adherence to RSE cells and in fact demonstrate a modulating effect on O157 adherence to RSE cells in contrast to HEp-2 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx cells with HeLa contamination). The absence of curli and presence of blocking anti-curli antibodies enhanced O157-RSE cell interactions among some strains, thus alluding to a spatial, tempering effect of curli on O157 adherence to RSE cells when present. At the same time, the presence or absence of curli did not alter RSE cell adherence patterns of another O157 strain. These observations are at variance with the reported role of curli in O157 adherence to human cell lines such as HEp-2 and need to be factored in when developing anti-adherence modalities for preharvest control of O157 in cattle. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrated that O157 strains interact with epithelial cells in a host-specific manner. The fimbriae/adhesins that are significant for adherence to human cell lines may not have a role or may have a modulating role in O157 adherence to bovine cells. Targeting such adhesins may not prevent O157 attachment to bovine cells but instead may result in improved adherence. Hence, conducting host-specific evaluations is critical when selecting targets for O157 control strategies.
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Gupta D, Sarkar S, Sharma M, Thapa BR, Chakraborti A. Inhibition of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli cell adhesion in-vitro by designed peptides. Microb Pathog 2016; 98:23-31. [PMID: 27338495 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) bears remarkable capacity to adhere the host intestinal mucosal surface and results in acute or persistent childhood diarrhea worldwide. In this study, an attempt has been made to inhibit EAEC cell adherence in-vitro using synthetic peptides. E. coli isolates (n = 54) were isolated from the stool samples of clinically diagnosed pediatric diarrheal patients. 92.8% isolates showed different types of aggregative adherence patterns with HEp-2 cells. AAF-II (Aggregative Adherence Fimbriae-II) EAEC exhibited the maximum ability to form biofilm and intracellular survival. Peptides were designed against the high antigenic epitopic regions of AAF-II adhesin of EAEC O42 using prediction algorithms like BcePred and ProPred software to block the EAEC cell adhesion in-vitro. Peptides P2 (DITITPATNRDVNV) and P3 (MRIKAWGEANHGQL) demonstrated higher inhibition of EAEC cell adhesion than P1 (GMQGSITPAIPLRPG). Interestingly, increasing the pre-incubation time of the peptides with HEp-2 cells from 1 h to 2 h showed the maximum inhibition. The data suggested the potential role of P2 and P3 peptides in successfully blocking the binding of AAF-II EAEC with HEp-2 cell receptors. Hence, the peptides may be efficacious in designing new chemotherapeutic for the management of EAEC mediated diarrhea.
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Bertin D, Mouhajir Y, Bongrand P, Bardin N. ICARE improves antinuclear antibody detection by overcoming the barriers preventing accreditation. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:57-61. [PMID: 26742604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and the monitoring of rheumatic diseases. The American College of Rheumatology has stated that indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) analysis remains the gold standard for ANA screening. However, IIF is time consuming, subjective, not fully standardized and presents several issues for accreditation which is the process leading to ISO 15189 certification for medical laboratories. We propose an innovative tool for accreditation by using the quantitative evaluation of the automated image capture and analysis "ICARE" (Immunofluorescence for Computed Antinuclear antibody Rational Evaluation). METHODS We established the optimal screening dilution (1:160) and a fluorescence index (FI) cutoff for ICARE on a cohort of 91 healthy blood donors. Then, we evaluated performance of ICARE on a routine cohort of 236 patients. Precision parameters of ANA detection by IIF were evaluated according to ISO 15189. RESULTS ICARE showed an excellent concordance with visual evaluation (88%, Kappa=0.76) and significantly discriminated between weak to moderate (1:160-1:320 titers) and high (>1:320 titers) ANA levels. A significant correlation was found between FI and ANA titers (Spearman's ρ=0.67; P<0.0001). Using ICARE, we reported precision parameters such as repeatability (CV<13.8%) and reproducibility (CV<13.1%) as well as absence of inter-sample contamination for ANA detection by IIF according to ISO 15189 standards. CONCLUSIONS ICARE offers a precious help for the accreditation of IIF qualitative methods. This innovative quantitative approach is in adequacy with the process of continuous improvement of the quality of clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bertin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, France.
| | - Yassin Mouhajir
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Bongrand
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation, Marseille, France; INSERM, U1067, France; CNRS, U7333, France
| | - Nathalie Bardin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; INSERM, U1076, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Endothélium, Pathologies Vasculaires et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
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Grider A, Lewis RD, Laing EM, Bakre AA, Tripp RA. Zinc affects miR-548n, SMAD4, SMAD5 expression in HepG2 hepatocyte and HEp-2 lung cell lines. Biometals 2015; 28:959-66. [PMID: 26409456 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs affect disease progression and nutrient status. miR-548n increased 57 % in Zn supplemented plasma from adolescent females (ages 9 to 13 years). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Zn concentration in cell culture on the expression of miR-548n, SMAD4 and SMAD5 in hepatocyte (HepG2) and lung epithelium (HEp-2) cell lines. Cells were incubated for 48 h in media containing 10 % Chelex 100-treated FBS (0 μM Zn), or with 15 or 50 μM Zn, before isolation of total RNA and cDNA. Expression of miR-548n, SMAD4 and SMAD5 was measured by qPCR. The ΔΔCT method was used to calculate the fold-change, and 15 µM expression levels were used as reference values. HepG2 miR-548n expression decreased 5-fold, and SMAD4 expression increased 4-fold in the absence of Zn, while HEp-2 miR-548n expression increased 10.5-fold, and SMAD5 expression increased 20-fold in the absence of Zn. HEp-2 miR-548n expression increased 23-fold, while SMAD4 expression decreased twofold, in 50 μM Zn-treated cells. However, SMAD4 and SMAD5 expression was not correlated. These data indicate that miR-548n expression is in part regulated by Zn in a cell-specific manner. SMAD4 and SMAD5 are genes in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway, and SMAD5 is a putative target for miR-548n; Zn participates in regulating this pathway through controlling SMAD4 and SMAD5 expression. However, SMAD5 expression may be more sensitive to Zn than to miR-548n since SMAD5 expression was not inversely correlated with miR-548n expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grider
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Abhijeet A Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Branco Cdos S, de Lima ÉD, Rodrigues TS, Scheffel TB, Scola G, Laurino CC, Moura S, Salvador M. Mitochondria and redox homoeostasis as chemotherapeutic targets of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze in human larynx HEp-2 cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 231:108-18. [PMID: 25770932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are among one of the most promising fields in finding new molecular targets in cancer therapy. Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers affecting the head and neck regions, and is associated with high morbidity rate if left untreated. The aim of this study was to examine the antiproliferative effect of Araucaria angustifolia on laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cells. The results showed that A. angustifolia extract (AAE) induced a significant cytotoxicity in HEp-2 cells compared to the non-tumor human epithelial (HEK-293) cells, indicating a selective activity of AAE for the cancer cells. A. angustifolia extract was able to increase oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and the production of nitric oxide, along with the depletion of enzymatic antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the tumor cell line. Moreover, AAE was able to induce DNA damage, nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. A significant increase in the Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF), Bax, poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 cleavage expression were also found. These effects could be related to the ability of AAE to increase the production of reactive oxygen species through inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I activity and ATP production by the tumor cells. The phytochemical analysis of A. angustifolia, performed using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) in MS and MS/MS mode, showed the presence of dodecanoic and hexadecanoic acids, and phenolic compounds, which may be associated with the chemotherapeutic effect observed in this study.
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Rawool DB, Vergis J, Vijay D, Dhaka P, Negi M, Kumar M, Nair A, Poharkar KV, Kurkure NV, Kumar A, Malik SVS, Barbuddhe SB. Evaluation of a PCR targeting fimbrial subunit gene (fimA) for rapid and reliable detection of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli recovered from human and animal diarrhoeal cases. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 110:45-8. [PMID: 25598135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the utility of a chromosomal associated fimbrial subunit gene (fimA) for screening 'typical' as well as 'atypical' Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) by PCR and its possible role as a promising molecular marker for rapid detection of 'typical' and 'atypical' EAEC pathotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak B Rawool
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
| | - Jess Vergis
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Mamta Negi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Manesh Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Amruta Nair
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Krupali V Poharkar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur 440 006, India
| | - Nitin V Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur 440 006, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - S V S Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - S B Barbuddhe
- National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India
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Yen MH, Lee JJ, Yeh CF, Wang KC, Chiang YW, Chiang LC, Chang JS. Yakammaoto inhibited human coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4)-induced airway and renal tubular injuries by preventing viral attachment, internalization, and replication. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:1056-1063. [PMID: 24361333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yakammaoto is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing nine ingredients, including Ephedra sinica, Pinellia ternate, Zingiber officinale, Tussilago farfara, Aster tataricus, Ziziphus jujube, Belamcanda chinensis, Asarum sieboldii, and Schisandra chinensis. Yakammaoto has been used against flu-like symptoms for more than two thousand years in China and Japan. Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) causes not only flu-like symptoms but life-threatening diseases, such as pneumonia, acute kidney injury, and so forth with severe morbidity and mortality. There is no effective therapeutic modality against CVB4 infection. It is unknown whether yakammaoto is effective against CVB4 infection. We tested the hypothesis that yakammaoto can effectively inhibit CVB4-induced plaque formation in human airway and renal tubular cell lines by preventing viral attachment, internalization, and replication. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fingerprint of yakammaoto was assessed by HPLC. Effects of yakammaoto on CVB4 infection were tested by plaque reduction assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Yakammaoto dose-dependently inhibited CVB4-induced plaque formation in HK-2, A549, and HEp-2 cells (p<0.0001). Yakammaoto was both effective when supplemented prior to and after viral inoculation (p<0.0001) by preventing viral attachment (p<0.0001), internalization (p<0.0001), and replication (p<0.0001). Yakammaoto could decrease NGAL secretion before cytolysis to protect against viral injury. CONCLUSIONS Yakammaoto had antiviral activity against CVB4-induced cellular injuries in airway mucosa and renal tubular epithelia by preventing viral attachment, internalization, and replication. The current study provides a basic support of its potential use against CVB4-induced airway and concomitant renal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong Yen
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jia Jung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chia Feng Yeh
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Chih Wang
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ya Wen Chiang
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Lien Chai Chiang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jung San Chang
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Enocsson H, Wetterö J, Skogh T, Sjöwall C. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels reflect organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Transl Res 2013; 162:287-96. [PMID: 23916811 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Assessments of disease activity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remain challenging because of the lack of reliable biomarkers and disease heterogeneity. Ongoing inflammation can be difficult to distinguish from permanent organ damage caused by previous flare-ups or medication side effects. Circulating soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has emerged as a potential marker of inflammation and disease severity, and an outcome predictor in several disparate conditions. This study was done to evaluate suPAR as a marker of disease activity and organ damage in SLE. Sera from 100 healthy donors and 198 patients with SLE fulfilling the 1982 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and/or the Fries criteria were analyzed for suPAR by enzyme immunoassay. Eighteen patients with varying degree of disease activity were monitored longitudinally. Disease activity was assessed by the SLE disease activity index 2000 and the physician's global assessment. Organ damage was evaluated by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index (SDI). Compared with healthy control subjects, serum suPAR levels were elevated significantly in patients with SLE. No association was recorded regarding suPAR levels and SLE disease activity in cross-sectional or consecutive samples. However, a strong association was observed between suPAR and SDI (P < 0.0005). Considering distinct SDI domains, renal, neuropsychiatric, ocular, skin, and peripheral vascular damage had a significant effect on suPAR levels. This study is the first to demonstrate an association between serum suPAR and irreversible organ damage in SLE. Further studies are warranted to evaluate suPAR and other biomarkers as predictors of evolving organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Enocsson
- Rheumatology/AIR, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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de Crom SCM, Obihara CC, de Moor RA, Veldkamp EJM, van Furth AM, Rossen JWA. Prospective comparison of the detection rates of human enterovirus and parechovirus RT-qPCR and viral culture in different pediatric specimens. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:449-54. [PMID: 23973350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reverse-transcriptase quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become the gold standard for the diagnosis of human enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) infections. The detection rate of RT-qPCR in different pediatric body specimens has not been compared prospectively in a multicentre study. OBJECTIVES This study compared the diagnostic detection rates of EV and HPeV RT-qPCR and viral culture in different specimens (feces, nasopharynx, blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) of pediatric patients. STUDY DESIGN This prospective, multicenter study performed an EV and HPeV RT-qPCR on nasopharynx, blood, urine, feces and CSF specimens and a viral culture on nasopharynx, feces and CSF specimens in symptomatic children<16 years. RESULTS Of 285 included children EV was detected in 140 (49%) and HPeV in 44 (15%) children. Both EV and HPeV RT-qPCR had a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than EV and HPeV viral culture, respectively. EV and HPeV RT-qPCR in feces specimen had the highest sensitivity (99.2% and 95.1%) of all specimens. Pooling results of specimens increased the detection rate for both viruses. CONCLUSION Of all specimens, RT-qPCR in feces had the highest detection rate for both EV and HPeV in symptomatic pediatric patients. An EV was detected in all EV positive patients if a RT-qPCR was performed on both feces and CSF specimens or in both feces and urine specimens. HPeV was detected in all HPeV positive patients if a RT-qPCR was performed on both feces and CSF specimens, feces and nasopharynx specimens or CSF and nasopharynx specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C M de Crom
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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