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Fajardo P, Beauchesne D, Carbajal-López A, Daigle RM, Fierro-Arcos LD, Goldsmit J, Zajderman S, Valdez-Hernández JI, Terán Maigua MY, Christofoletti RA. Aichi Target 18 beyond 2020: mainstreaming Traditional Biodiversity Knowledge in the conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal ecosystems. PeerJ 2021; 9:e9616. [PMID: 33585077 PMCID: PMC7852408 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) have inhabited coastal areas, the seas, and remote islands for millennia, and developed place-based traditional ancestral knowledge and diversified livelihoods associated with the biocultural use of marine and coastal ecosystems. Through their cultural traditions, customary wise practices, and holistic approaches to observe, monitor, understand, and appreciate the Natural World, IPLCs have been preserving, managing, and sustainably using seascapes and coastal landscapes, which has been essential for biodiversity conservation. The international community has more than ever recognized the central role of IPLCs in the conservation of biodiversity-rich ecosystems, in particular, for the achievement of the Global Biodiversity Targets determined by the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity to tackle biodiversity loss. However, much remains to be done to fully recognize and protect at national levels IPLCs' Traditional Biodiversity Knowledge (TBK), ways of life, and their internationally recognized rights to inhabit, own, manage and govern traditional lands, territories, and waters, which are increasingly threatened. At the 2018 4th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity held in Montréal, Canada, eight themed working groups critically discussed progress to date and barriers that have prevented the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets agreed for the period 2011-2020, and priority actions for the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Discussions in the "Application of Biodiversity Knowledge" working group focused on Targets 11 and 18 and the equal valuation of diverse Biodiversity Knowledge Systems (BKS). This Perspective Paper summarizes the 10 Priority Actions identified for a holistic biodiversity conservation, gender equality and human rights-based approach that strengthens the role of IPLCs as biodiversity conservation decision-makers and managers at national and international levels. Furthermore, the Perspective proposes a measurable Target 18 post-2020 and discusses actions to advance the recognition of community-based alternative conservation schemes and TBK to ensure the long-lasting conservation, customary biocultural use, and sustainable multi-functional management of nature around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Beauchesne
- Institut des sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Québec Océan, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec city, QC, Canada
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada - Canadian Healthy Oceans Network, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Rémi M. Daigle
- Québec Océan, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec city, QC, Canada
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada - Canadian Healthy Oceans Network, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - L. Denisse Fierro-Arcos
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Jesica Goldsmit
- Québec Océan, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec city, QC, Canada
- Institut Maurice Lamontagne, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, QC, Canada
| | - Sabine Zajderman
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Law, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Deep-Ocean Stewardship Initiative, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | | | - María Yolanda Terán Maigua
- Native American Studies Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque City, NM, USA
- Indigenous Women Network on Biodiversity from Latin America and the Caribbean (RMIB-LAC), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
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