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Taccola G, Kissane R, Culaclii S, Apicella R, Liu W, Gad P, Ichiyama RM, Chakrabarty S, Edgerton VR. Dynamic electrical stimulation enhances the recruitment of spinal interneurons by corticospinal input. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114589. [PMID: 37907125 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly varying patterns of electrostimulation (Dynamic Stimulation, DS) delivered to the dorsal cord through an epidural array with 18 independent electrodes transiently facilitate corticospinal motor responses, even after spinal injury. To partly unravel how corticospinal input are affected by DS, we introduced a corticospinal platform that allows selective cortical stimulation during the multisite acquisition of cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) and the simultaneous supply of DS. Firstly, the epidural interface was validated by the acquisition of the classical multisite distribution of CDPs and their input-output profile elicited by pulses delivered to peripheral nerves. Apart from increased EMGs, DS selectively increased excitability of the spinal interneurons that first process corticospinal input, without changing the magnitude of commands descending from the motor cortex, suggesting a novel correlation between muscle recruitment and components of cortically-evoked CDPs. Finally, DS increases excitability of post-synaptic spinal interneurons at the stimulation site and their responsiveness to any residual supraspinal control, thus supporting the use of electrical neuromodulation whenever the motor output is jeopardized by a weak volitional input, due to a partial disconnection from supraspinal structures and/or neuronal brain dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Taccola
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Bonomea 265, Trieste, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Roger Kissane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Stanislav Culaclii
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rosamaria Apicella
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Bonomea 265, Trieste, Italy
| | - Wentai Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parag Gad
- SpineX Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ronaldo M Ichiyama
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Samit Chakrabarty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - V Reggie Edgerton
- Rancho Research Institute, Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, USA; University of Southern California Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033; USA; Institut Guttmann, Hospital de Neurorehabilitació, Institut Universitari adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Badalona 08916, Spain
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2
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Hwang S, Jun SB. Ultrasound neuromodulation of cultured hippocampal neurons. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:79-89. [PMID: 38186947 PMCID: PMC10769976 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-023-00314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is becoming an emerging and promising method for neuromodulation due to its advantage of noninvasiveness and its high spatial resolution. However, the underlying principles of ultrasound neuromodulation have not yet been elucidated. We have herein developed a new in vitro setup to study the ultrasonic neuromodulation, and examined various parameters of ultrasound to verify the effective conditions to evoke the neural activity. Neurons were stimulated with 0.5 MHz center frequency ultrasound, and the action potentials were recorded from rat hippocampal neural cells cultured on microelectrode arrays. As the intensity of ultrasound increased, the neuronal activity also increased. There was a notable and significant increase in both the spike rate and the number of bursts at 50% duty cycle, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency, and the acoustic intensities of 7.6 W/cm2 and 3.8 W/cm2 in terms of spatial-peak pulse-average intensity and spatial-peak temporal-average intensity, respectively. In addition, the impact of ultrasonic neuromodulation was assessed in the presence of a gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor antagonist to exclude the effect of activated inhibitory neurons. Interestingly, it is noteworthy that the predominant neuromodulatory effects of ultrasound disappeared when the GABAA blocker was introduced, suggesting the potential of ultrasonic stimulation specifically targeting inhibitory neurons. The experimental setup proposed herein could serve as a useful tool for the clarification of the mechanisms underlying the electrophysiological effects of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Hwang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Beom Jun
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in Smart Factory, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Taccola G, Kissane R, Culaclii S, Apicella R, Liu W, Gad P, Ichiyama RM, Chakrabarty S, Edgerton VR. Spinal facilitation of descending motor input. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.30.547229. [PMID: 37461548 PMCID: PMC10349979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly varying patterns of electrostimulation (Dynamic Stimulation, DS) delivered to the dorsal cord through an epidural array with 18 independent electrodes transiently facilitate corticospinal motor responses, even after spinal injury. To partly unravel how corticospinal input are affected by DS, we introduced a corticospinal platform that allows selective cortical stimulation during the multisite acquisition of cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) and the simultaneous supply of DS. Firstly, the epidural interface was validated by the acquisition of the classical multisite distribution of CDPs on the dorsal cord and their input-output profile elicited by pulses delivered to peripheral nerves. Apart from increased EMGs, DS selectively increased excitability of the spinal interneurons that first process corticospinal input, without changing the magnitude of commands descending from the motor cortex, suggesting a novel correlation between muscle recruitment and components of cortically-evoked CDPs. Finally, DS increases excitability of post-synaptic spinal interneurons at the stimulation site and their responsiveness to any residual supraspinal control, thus supporting the use of electrical neuromodulation whenever the motor output is jeopardized by a weak volitional input, due to a partial disconnection from supraspinal structures and/or neuronal brain dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Taccola
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Bonomea 265, Trieste, Italy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Roger Kissane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Stanislav Culaclii
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rosamaria Apicella
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Bonomea 265, Trieste, Italy
| | - Wentai Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parag Gad
- Rancho Research Institute, Downy, CA 90242, USA; Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center
- University of Southern California Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033; USA
| | - Ronaldo M. Ichiyama
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Samit Chakrabarty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - V. Reggie Edgerton
- Rancho Research Institute, Downy, CA 90242, USA; Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center
- University of Southern California Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033; USA
- Institut Guttmann. Hospital de Neurorehabilitació, Institut Universitari adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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Saccher M, Kawasaki S, Onori MP, van Woerden GM, Giagka V, Dekker R. Focused ultrasound neuromodulation on a multiwell MEA. Bioelectron Med 2022; 8:2. [PMID: 35081966 PMCID: PMC8793260 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-021-00083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microelectrode arrays (MEA) enable the measurement and stimulation of the electrical activity of cultured cells. The integration of other neuromodulation methods will significantly enhance the application range of MEAs to study their effects on neurons. A neuromodulation method that is recently gaining more attention is focused ultrasound neuromodulation (FUS), which has the potential to treat neurological disorders reversibly and precisely. METHODS In this work, we present the integration of a focused ultrasound delivery system with a multiwell MEA plate. RESULTS The ultrasound delivery system was characterised by ultrasound pressure measurements, and the integration with the MEA plate was modelled with finite-element simulations of acoustic field parameters. The results of the simulations were validated with experimental visualisation of the ultrasound field with Schlieren imaging. In addition, the system was tested on a murine primary hippocampal neuron culture, showing that ultrasound can influence the activity of the neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our system was demonstrated to be suitable for studying the effect of focused ultrasound on neuronal cultures. The system allows reproducible experiments across the wells due to its robustness and simplicity of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Saccher
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Shinnosuke Kawasaki
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Geeske M. van Woerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Giagka
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration IZM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Dekker
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Schulte S, Gries M, Christmann A, Schäfer KH. Using multielectrode arrays to investigate neurodegenerative effects of the amyloid-beta peptide. Bioelectron Med 2021; 7:15. [PMID: 34711287 PMCID: PMC8554832 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-021-00078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multielectrode arrays are widely used to analyze the effects of potentially toxic compounds, as well as to evaluate neuroprotective agents upon the activity of neural networks in short- and long-term cultures. Multielectrode arrays provide a way of non-destructive analysis of spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity, allowing to model neurodegenerative diseases in vitro. Here, we provide an overview on how these devices are currently used in research on the amyloid-β peptide and its role in Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder. MAIN BODY Most of the studies analysed here indicate fast responses of neuronal cultures towards aggregated forms of amyloid-β, leading to increases of spike frequency and impairments of long-term potentiation. This in turn suggests that this peptide might play a crucial role in causing the typical neuronal dysfunction observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of studies using multielectrode arrays to examine the effect of the amyloid-β peptide onto neural cultures or whole compartments is currently limited, they still show how this technique can be used to not only investigate the interneuronal communication in neural networks, but also making it possible to examine the effects onto synaptic currents. This makes multielectrode arrays a powerful tool in future research on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Schulte
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Manuela Gries
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Anne Christmann
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Arslanova A, Shafaattalab S, Lin E, Barszczewski T, Hove-Madsen L, Tibbits GF. Investigating inherited arrhythmias using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Methods 2021; 203:542-557. [PMID: 34197925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental to the functional behavior of cardiac muscle is that the cardiomyocytes are integrated as a functional syncytium. Disrupted electrical activity in the cardiac tissue can lead to serious complications including cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is important to study electrophysiological properties of the cardiac tissue. With advancements in stem cell research, protocols for the production of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been established, providing great potential in modelling cardiac arrhythmias and drug testing. The hiPSC-CM model can be used in conjunction with electrophysiology-based platforms to examine the electrical activity of the cardiac tissue. Techniques for determining the myocardial electrical activity include multielectrode arrays (MEAs), optical mapping (OM), and patch clamping. These techniques provide critical approaches to investigate cardiac electrical abnormalities that underlie arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Arslanova
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada
| | - Sanam Shafaattalab
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada
| | - Eric Lin
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tiffany Barszczewski
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Cardiac Rhythm and Contraction Group, IIBB-CSIC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain; CIBERCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain; IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Abstract
Genetic mutations have long been implicated in epilepsy, particularly in genes that encode ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Among some of those identified are voltage-gated sodium, potassium and calcium channels, and ligand-gated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (CHRN), and glutamate receptors, making them key therapeutic targets. In this chapter we discuss the use of automated electrophysiological technologies to examine the impact of gene defects in two potassium channels associated with different epilepsy syndromes. The hKCNC1 gene encodes the voltage-gated potassium channel hKV3.1, and mutations in this gene cause progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) and ataxia due to a potassium channel mutation (MEAK). The hKCNT1 gene encodes the weakly voltage-dependent sodium-activated potassium channel hKCNT1, and mutations in this gene cause a wide spectrum of seizure disorders, including severe autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (ADSHE) and epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), both conditions associated with drug-resistance. Importantly, both of these potassium channels play vital roles in regulating neuronal excitability. Since its discovery in the late nineteen seventies, the patch-clamp technique has been regarded as the bench-mark technology for exploring ion channel characteristics. In more recent times, innovations in automated patch-clamp technologies, of which there are many, are enabling the study of ion channels with much greater productivity that manual systems are capable of. Here we describe aspects of Nanion NPC-16 Patchliner, examining the effects of temperature on stably and transiently transfected mammalian cells, the latter of which for most automated systems on the market is quite challenging. Remarkable breakthroughs in the development of other automated electrophysiological technologies, such as multielectrode arrays that support extracellular signal recordings, provide additional features to examine network activity in the area of ion channel research, particularly epilepsy. Both of these automated technologies enable the acquisition of consistent, robust, and reproducible data. Numerous systems have been developed with very similar capabilities, however, not all the systems on the market are adapted to work with primary cells, particularly neurons that can be problematic. This chapter also showcases methods that demonstrate the versatility of Nanion NPC-16 Patchliner and the Multi Channel Systems (MCS) multielectrode array (MEA) assay for acutely dissociated murine primary cortical neurons, enabling the study of potassium channel mutations implicated in severe refractory epilepsies.
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Smith AS, Choi E, Gray K, Macadangdang J, Ahn EH, Clark EC, Laflamme MA, Wu JC, Murry CE, Tung L, Kim DH. NanoMEA: A Tool for High-Throughput, Electrophysiological Phenotyping of Patterned Excitable Cells. Nano Lett 2020; 20:1561-1570. [PMID: 31845810 PMCID: PMC7547911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Matrix nanotopographical cues are known to regulate the structure and function of somatic cells derived from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) sources. High-throughput electrophysiological analysis of excitable cells derived from hPSCs is possible via multielectrode arrays (MEAs) but conventional MEA platforms use flat substrates and do not reproduce physiologically relevant tissue-specific architecture. To address this issue, we developed a high-throughput nanotopographically patterned multielectrode array (nanoMEA) by integrating conductive, ion-permeable, nanotopographic patterns with 48-well MEA plates, and investigated the effect of substrate-mediated cytoskeletal organization on hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte and neuronal function at scale. Using our nanoMEA platform, we found patterned hPSC-derived cardiac monolayers exhibit both enhanced structural organization and greater sensitivity to treatment with calcium blocking or conduction inhibiting compounds when subjected to high-throughput dose-response studies. Similarly, hPSC-derived neurons grown on nanoMEA substrates exhibit faster migration and neurite outgrowth speeds, greater colocalization of pre- and postsynaptic markers, and enhanced cell-cell communication only revealed through examination of data sets derived from multiple technical replicates. The presented data highlight the nanoMEA as a new tool to facilitate high-throughput, electrophysiological analysis of ordered cardiac and neuronal monolayers, which can have important implications for preclinical analysis of excitable cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S.T. Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Kevin Gray
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- NanoSurface Biomedical, Inc. Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- NanoSurface Biomedical, Inc. Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisa C. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael A. Laflamme
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Deok-Ho Kim, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, 715B, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205,
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Steidl E, Gleyzes M, Maddalena F, Debanne D, Buisson B. Neuroservice proconvulsive (NS-PC) set: A new platform of electrophysiology-based assays to determine the proconvulsive potential of lead compounds. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 99:106587. [PMID: 31207287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Failures in drug development often result from the emergence of unexpected adverse drug reactions. It is clear that adverse drug reactions, including seizure liability, should be assessed earlier. The goal of the present work was to develop a new platform of in vitro assays, NS-PC set (for Neuroservice proconvulsive set), to determine the proconvulsive potential of compounds earlier in preclinical development. METHODS Assays were based on electrophysiological recordings in acute hippocampal slices performed with multielectrode arrays. 4 reference proconvulsive/seizurogenic compounds (4-aminopyridine, bicuculline, kainate and carbachol) and 4 anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs; phenobarbital, carbamazepine, clonazepam and valproic acid) were evaluated on electrophysiological endpoints involved in seizure risk (neuronal excitability, balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission, occurrence of neuronal synchronization mechanisms materialized by epileptiform discharges). RESULTS The reference compounds increased the number and area under the curve of population spikes, triggered epileptiform discharges and enhanced the firing rate of CA1 neurons. The effects of the 4 antiepileptic drugs were assessed on these 3 parameters. They were able to partially of completely reverse the effects of proconvulsive compounds. DISCUSSION The use of reference proconvulsive compounds and AEDs validated the electrophysiological parameters to detect proconvulsive risk. Systematic evaluation of compounds with the 3 complementary endpoints increase the probability to detect seizure liability in vitro. Depending on the compound mechanism of action, only one or two of the identified parameters might be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Steidl
- Neuroservice SARL, 595 rue Pierre Berthier, 13593 Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Melanie Gleyzes
- Neuroservice SARL, 595 rue Pierre Berthier, 13593 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Fabien Maddalena
- Neuroservice SARL, 595 rue Pierre Berthier, 13593 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Dominique Debanne
- UNIS, UMR1072 INSERM - Aix-Marseille Université, 53 Bvd Pierre Dramard, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Buisson
- Neuroservice SARL, 595 rue Pierre Berthier, 13593 Aix-en-Provence, France
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Abstract
'Bursting', defined as periods of high-frequency firing of a neuron separated by periods of quiescence, has been observed in various neuronal systems, both in vitro and in vivo. It has been associated with a range of neuronal processes, including efficient information transfer and the formation of functional networks during development, and has been shown to be sensitive to genetic and pharmacological manipulations. Accurate detection of periods of bursting activity is thus an important aspect of characterising both spontaneous and evoked neuronal network activity. A wide variety of computational methods have been developed to detect periods of bursting in spike trains recorded from neuronal networks. In this chapter, we review several of the most popular and successful of these methods.
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11
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Georgopoulos AP, Tsilibary EPC, Souto EP, James LM, Engdahl BE, Georgopoulos A. Adverse effects of Gulf War Illness (GWI) serum on neural cultures and their prevention by healthy serum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:19-27. [PMID: 31032476 DOI: 10.29245/2572.942x/2018/2.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic debilitating disease of unknown etiology that affects the brain and has afflicted many veterans of the 1990-91 Gulf War (GW). Here we tested the hypothesis that brain damage may be caused by circulating harmful substances to which GW veterans were exposed but which could not be eliminated due to lack of specific immunity. We assessed the effects of serum from GWI patients on function and morphology of brain cultures in vitro, including cultures of embryonic mouse brain and neuroblastoma N2A line. Blood serum from GWI and healthy GW veterans was added, alone and in combination, to the culture and its effects on the function and morphology of the culture assessed. Neural network function was assessed using electrophysiological recordings from multielectrode arrays in mouse brain cultures, whereas morphological assessments (neural growth and cell apoptosis) were done in neuroblastoma cultures. In contrast to healthy serum, the addition of GWI serum disrupted neural network communication and caused reduced cell growth and increased apoptosis. All of these detrimental effects were prevented or ameliorated by the concomitant addition of serum from healthy GW veterans. These findings indicate that GWI serum contains neuropathogenic factors that can be neutralized by healthy serum. We hypothesize that these factors are persistent antigens circulating in GWI blood that can be neutralized, possibly by specific antibodies present in the healthy serum, as proposed earlier1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Effie-Photini C Tsilibary
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Eric P Souto
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lisa M James
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian E Engdahl
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Angeliki Georgopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Goineau S, Castagné V. Proarrhythmic risk assessment using conventional and new in vitro assays. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 88:1-11. [PMID: 28506844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced QT prolongation is a major safety issue in the drug discovery process. This study was conducted to assess the electrophysiological responses of four substances using established preclinical assays usually used in regulatory studies (hERG channel or Purkinje fiber action potential) and a new assay (human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs)-field potential). After acute exposure, moxifloxacin and dofetilide concentration-dependently decreased IKr amplitude (IC50 values: 102 μM and 40 nM, respectively) and lengthened action potential (100 μM moxifloxacin: +23% and 10 nM dofetilide: +18%) and field potential (300 μM moxifloxacin: +76% and 10 nM dofetilide: +38%) durations. Dofetilide starting from 30 nM induced arrhythmia in hiPSC-CMs. Overnight application of pentamidine (10 and 100 μM) and arsenic (1 and 10 μM) decreased IKr, whereas they were devoid of effects after acute application. Long-term pentamidine incubation showed a time- and concentration-dependent effect on field potential duration. In conclusion, our data suggest that hiPSC-CMs represent a fully functional cellular electrophysiology model which may significantly improve the predictive validity of in vitro safety studies. Thereafter, lead candidates may be further investigated in patch-clamp assays for mechanistic studies on individual ionic channels or in a multicellular Purkinje fiber preparation for confirmatory studies on cardiac conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Goineau
- Porsolt, Z.A. de Glatigné, 53940 Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France.
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Roza C, Mazo I, Rivera-Arconada I, Cisneros E, Alayón I, López-García JA. Analysis of spontaneous activity of superficial dorsal horn neurons in vitro: neuropathy-induced changes. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:2017-2030. [PMID: 27726011 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The superficial dorsal horn contains large numbers of interneurons which process afferent and descending information to generate the spinal nociceptive message. Here, we set out to evaluate whether adjustments in patterns and/or temporal correlation of spontaneous discharges of these neurons are involved in the generation of central sensitization caused by peripheral nerve damage. Multielectrode arrays were used to record from discrete groups of such neurons in slices from control or nerve damaged mice. Whole-cell recordings of individual neurons were also obtained. A large proportion of neurons recorded extracellularly showed well-defined patterns of spontaneous firing. Clock-like neurons (CL) showed regular discharges at ∼6 Hz and represented 9 % of the sample in control animals. They showed a tonic-firing pattern to direct current injection and depolarized membrane potentials. Irregular fast-burst neurons (IFB) produced short-lasting high-frequency bursts (2-5 spikes at ∼100 Hz) at irregular intervals and represented 25 % of the sample. They showed bursting behavior upon direct current injection. Of the pairs of neurons recorded, 10 % showed correlated firing. Correlated pairs always included an IFB neuron. After nerve damage, the mean spontaneous firing frequency was unchanged, but the proportion of CL increased significantly (18 %) and many of these neurons appeared to acquire a novel low-threshold A-fiber input. Similarly, the percentage of IFB neurons was unaltered, but synchronous firing was increased to 22 % of the pairs studied. These changes may contribute to transform spinal processing of nociceptive inputs following peripheral nerve damage. The specific roles that these neurons may play are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Roza
- Dpto. Biología de Sistemas, Edificio de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Mazo
- Dpto. Biología de Sistemas, Edificio de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Rivera-Arconada
- Dpto. Biología de Sistemas, Edificio de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Cisneros
- Dpto. Biología de Sistemas, Edificio de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismel Alayón
- Dpto. Biología de Sistemas, Edificio de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A López-García
- Dpto. Biología de Sistemas, Edificio de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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