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Van Vu T, Das S, Hensel G, Kim JY. Genome editing and beyond: what does it mean for the future of plant breeding? Planta 2022; 255:130. [PMID: 35587292 PMCID: PMC9120101 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing offers revolutionized solutions for plant breeding to sustain food production to feed the world by 2050. Therefore, genome-edited products are increasingly recognized via more relaxed legislation and community adoption. The world population and food production are disproportionally growing in a manner that would have never matched each other under the current agricultural practices. The emerging crisis is more evident with the subtle changes in climate and the running-off of natural genetic resources that could be easily used in breeding in conventional ways. Under these circumstances, affordable CRISPR-Cas-based gene-editing technologies have brought hope and charged the old plant breeding machine with the most energetic and powerful fuel to address the challenges involved in feeding the world. What makes CRISPR-Cas the most powerful gene-editing technology? What are the differences between it and the other genetic engineering/breeding techniques? Would its products be labeled as "conventional" or "GMO"? There are so many questions to be answered, or that cannot be answered within the limitations of our current understanding. Therefore, we would like to discuss and answer some of the mentioned questions regarding recent progress in technology development. We hope this review will offer another view on the role of CRISPR-Cas technology in future of plant breeding for food production and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Van Vu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, km 02, Pham Van Dong Road, Co Nhue 1, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, 11917, Vietnam
| | - Swati Das
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Centre for Plant Genome Engineering, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Wakasa Y, Kasai A, Yamazaki M, Tabei Y, Tsuyama M, Igarashi T, Okazaki T, Yamamoto K, Fujihara H, Kanno A, Noro O, Harada T, Akada S. Rapid analysis of GBSS1 and Vinv genes expressed in potato tubers using microtubers produced in liquid culture medium. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1415-1424. [PMID: 32696230 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study established a rapid method for the gene expression analysis in potato tubers. The use of microtubers would be useful for primary evaluation of tuber-expressed genes. In the development of transgenic potato or of potato with other genome modifications (e.g., genome editing or RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and so on) to improve tuber traits, analysis of the target gene is often difficult because of the long cultivation cycle (3-4 months), large areas required, numerous materials for plant cultivation, and considerable efforts needed to obtain transgenic tubers. We demonstrate here rapid and convenient analysis of gene expression in potato microtubers. Enough microtubers for expression analysis can be induced over about 4 weeks in a simple liquid medium in an Erlenmeyer flask. High-quality RNA and protein can be easily prepared from microtubers and used for northern blot, qRT-PCR, and western blot analyses without further purification. We investigated the expression of two tuber-expressed genes (GBSS1 and Vinv) in microtubers derived from the wild-type and from lines derived from RdDM-mediated transcriptional gene silencing. As expected, the expression of both genes was similar between microtubers and normal tubers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that microtubers can be used in western blot and confocal immunofluorescent microscopy analyses. These results suggest that expression analysis using microtubers is a convenient tool for the analysis of tuber-expressed genes such as GBSS1 and Vinv in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhya Wakasa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Muneo Yamazaki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Tsuyama
- Potato Research Center, Calbee Potato, Inc., Minami 3-2, Higashimemuro, Memuro, Hokkaido, 082-0006, Japan
| | - Toshiya Igarashi
- Potato Research Center, Calbee Potato, Inc., Minami 3-2, Higashimemuro, Memuro, Hokkaido, 082-0006, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Okazaki
- Research and Development Department II, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Kita-Itami 5-3, Itami, Hyogo, 664-8508, Japan
| | - Kayo Yamamoto
- Research and Development Department II, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Kita-Itami 5-3, Itami, Hyogo, 664-8508, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujihara
- Research and Development Department II, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Kita-Itami 5-3, Itami, Hyogo, 664-8508, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kanno
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Osamu Noro
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Takeo Harada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Shinji Akada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
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Nogué F, Vergne P, Chèvre AM, Chauvin JE, Bouchabké-Coussa O, Déjardin A, Chevreau E, Hibrand-Saint Oyant L, Mazier M, Barret P, Guiderdoni E, Sallaud C, Foucrier S, Devaux P, Rogowsky PM. Crop plants with improved culture and quality traits for food, feed and other uses. Transgenic Res 2020; 28:65-73. [PMID: 31321686 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The large French research project GENIUS (2012-2019, https://www6.inra.genius-project_eng/ ) provides a good showcase of current genome editing techniques applied to crop plants. It addresses a large variety of agricultural species (rice, wheat, maize, tomato, potato, oilseed rape, poplar, apple and rose) together with some models (Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, Physcomitrella). Using targeted mutagenesis as its work horse, the project is limited to proof of concept under confined conditions. It mainly covers traits linked to crop culture, such as disease resistance to viruses and fungi, flowering time, plant architecture, tolerance to salinity and plant reproduction but also addresses traits improving the quality of agricultural products for industrial purposes. Examples include virus resistant tomato, early flowering apple and low-amylose starch potato. The wide range of traits illustrates the potential of genome editing towards a more sustainable agriculture through the reduction of pesticides and to the emergence of innovative bio-economy sectors based on custom tailored quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Nogué
- IJPB, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Vergne
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, RDP, 693342, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35653, Le Rheu, France
| | - Jean-Eric Chauvin
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35653, Le Rheu, France
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Chevreau
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d'Angers, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Barret
- GDEC, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63039, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, AGAP, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Séverine Foucrier
- SN Pépinières et Roseraies Georges DELBARD, 03600, Malicorne, France
| | | | - Peter M Rogowsky
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, RDP, 693342, Lyon, France.
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Sprink T, Eriksson D, Schiemann J, Hartung F. Regulatory hurdles for genome editing: process- vs. product-based approaches in different regulatory contexts. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:1493-506. [PMID: 27142995 PMCID: PMC4903111 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel plant genome editing techniques call for an updated legislation regulating the use of plants produced by genetic engineering or genome editing, especially in the European Union. Established more than 25 years ago and based on a clear distinction between transgenic and conventionally bred plants, the current EU Directives fail to accommodate the new continuum between genetic engineering and conventional breeding. Despite the fact that the Directive 2001/18/EC contains both process- and product-related terms, it is commonly interpreted as a strictly process-based legislation. In view of several new emerging techniques which are closer to the conventional breeding than common genetic engineering, we argue that it should be actually interpreted more in relation to the resulting product. A legal guidance on how to define plants produced by exploring novel genome editing techniques in relation to the decade-old legislation is urgently needed, as private companies and public researchers are waiting impatiently with products and projects in the pipeline. We here outline the process in the EU to develop a legislation that properly matches the scientific progress. As the process is facing several hurdles, we also compare with existing frameworks in other countries and discuss ideas for an alternative regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Sprink
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kuehn Institute, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Eriksson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 10, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Joachim Schiemann
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kuehn Institute, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Hartung
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kuehn Institute, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
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