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Kumari M, Sheoran S, Prakash D, Yadav DB, Yadav PK, Jat MK, Ankit, Apurva. Long-term application of organic manures and chemical fertilizers improve the organic carbon and microbiological properties of soil under pearl millet-wheat cropping system in North-Western India. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25333. [PMID: 38333858 PMCID: PMC10850899 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
An on-going long term field experiment started in Rabi 1995 at the Research Farm of the Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) under the pearl millet-wheat cropping system was selected to study the effect of long-term application of organic manures and fertilizers on soil organic carbon and microbiological properties. Highest soil organic carbon (SOC: 1.18 %), dissolved OC (DOC: 64.74 mg kg-1) content, microbial biomass C (MBC: 618.40 mg kg-1), dehydrogenase (DHA: 72.83 μg TPF g-1 24 hr-1), alkaline phosphatase (APA: 685.44 μg PNP g-1 soil hr-1) and aryl sulfatase (ASA: 12.56 μg PNP g-1 soil hr-1) activities were observed with the application of 15 Mg FYM+150 kg N+30 kg P2O5 ha-1. Integrated application of chemical fertilizers with pressmud showed superiority in the improvement of microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN: 73.73 mg kg-1) and urease activity (69.54 μg NH4+ g-1 hr-1) than FYM or poultry manure plus NP. Beneficial impacts of the sole application of organic manures on SOC, DOC, MBC content, DHA, APA, and ASA were found in order as: FYM > pressmud > poultry manure. Impacts of nutrient management practices on soil carbon fractions decreased with depth. Poultry manure application, either alone or in combination with NP fertilizers was inferior to FYM and pressmud. The SOC had a positive relationship with MBC (R2 = 0.95) and MBN (R2 = 0.75) and, also showed a highly positive and significant correlation with microbiological properties of soil. This dynamic equilibrium among soil properties indicated that the nutrient management practices that improve SOC could lead to improve soil fertility and accrued microbiological properties in these soils. This study revealed that conjuctive use of organic manures and chemical fertilizers have positive impact on soil fertility and microbiological properties as compared to sole application of organic manures or fertilizers; and among organic manures, FYM was superior to pressmud followed by poultry manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Kumari
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sunita Sheoran
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Dhram Prakash
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Dharam Bir Yadav
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Parmod Kumar Yadav
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Jat
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ankit
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Apurva
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
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Liao Y, Awan MI, Aamer M, Liu J, Liu J, Hu B, Gao Z, Zhu B, Yao F, Cheng C. Evaluating short-term effects of rice straw management on carbon fractions, composition and stability of soil aggregates in an acidic red soil with a vegetable planting history. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23724. [PMID: 38192853 PMCID: PMC10772201 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Red soils are characterised by acidic pH and limitations in carbon, nitrogen, water, and soil structure. To overcome such limitations, improved soil aggregation is the key to improving the physical and chemical properties of soil. Applying organic amendments such as straw can lead to corresponding soil aggregation and stability changes. Therefore, we explored the short-term effects of rice straw amendment, either alone or in combination with biochar, on improving the carbon fractions, stability, and composition of soil aggregates in red soil with a history of vegetable planting. The study consisted of four treatments: control (no organic material, CK), biochar alone (5% homemade straw biochar, B), straw alone (12% rice straw, S), and biochar with straw (5% homemade straw biochar + 12% rice straw, BS). Our results showed that equal amounts of straw and biochar substantially reduced the number of mechanically stable aggregates (MSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the soil. BS treatment reduced >0.25 mm aggregate content (R0.25), MWD and GMD by 24.06%, 56.81%, and 62.19%, respectively, compared with that of the control. The addition of straw greatly enhanced the water-stable macromolecular content and stability coefficient of the soil, but treatment B had no obvious effect. The S treatment had the greatest effect on R0.25, MWD and GMD, increasing them by 143.94%, 246.67%, and 181.82%, respectively, compared with that of the control. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly increased by straw addition and carbonisation treatment, and the effect of the BS treatment was the best, with an increase of 325.63% compared with that of the control. The organic carbon content in the aggregates of different particle sizes treated with different organic materials also increased significantly. In the soil reactive organic carbon fraction, applying biochar alone did not affect microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), or easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC) but could increase the particulate organic carbon (POC) content. All the treatments with straw application significantly increased the MBC, DOC, EOC, and POC content, and the highest effect was obtained by applying both straw and biochar in an integrated form, i.e., the BS treatment. In conclusion, the co-application of biochar and straw sequestered more carbon and revamped soil C pools than either biochar or straw alone and could be a promising option for the sustainable use of red soils to ameliorate the aforementioned limitations associated with this soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liao
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Masood Iqbal Awan
- Department of Agronomy, Sub-Campus Depalpur-Okara, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, China
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub Campus Depalpur-Okara, Pakistan
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bei Hu
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Fengxian Yao
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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Li P, Jia L, Chen Q, Zhang H, Deng J, Lu J, Xu L, Li H, Hu F, Jiao J. Adaptive evaluation for agricultural sustainability of different fertilizer management options for a green manure-maize rotation system: Impacts on crop yield, soil biochemical properties and organic carbon fractions. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168170. [PMID: 37924887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Green manure planting can reduce the intensity of soil use, while improving farmland productivity in double-cropping systems. However, only few studies have focused on the impacts of green manure application under different fertilization management options on succeeding crop yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) process. A three-year field experiment was conducted with a winter smooth vetch-summer maize cropping system to evaluate the effects of green manure with different chemical fertilizers on soil physiochemical properties, SOC fraction, enzyme activities and maize yield. Total eight treatments were compared including different combinations of green manure and chemical fertilizers (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers) in the smooth vetch phase and maize phase. The results showed that compared to the control, green manure incorporation increased the soil moisture, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, basal respiration, SOC and its labile fractions, and enzyme activities, especially for the treatments of green manure with fertilization. However, the soil pH and bulk density decreased due to green manure application. Maize yield increased 34 %-53 % after green manure application, and was found to be significantly and positively correlated with soil carbon process (P < 0.05). Moreover, SOC and its labile fractions, and total nitrogen were observed as the main drivers of the maize yield. Variation partition analysis demonstrated that soil biochemical properties and their interaction with green manure by fertilization caused variations in SOC fractions. Further, structural equation models indicated that both balanced fertilization practices had positive effects on maize yield and soil carbon process via changes in SOC fractions and C cycling-related enzyme activities, respectively. In addition, the amount balance of chemical fertilizer positively impacted the soil carbon process by regulating SOC fractions through enzyme activities. These findings provide important guidance for applying optimal fertilization management in the green manure phase to improve succeeding crop yield and soil quality as well as to mitigate the adverse impacts of chemical fertilizers. The study will be equally illuminating for other green manure-crop rotation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Long Jia
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiyu Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Xu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huixin Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiaguo Jiao
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Su Z, Zhong Y, Zhu X, Wu Y, Shen Z, Shangguan Z. Vegetation restoration altered the soil organic carbon composition and favoured its stability in a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 899:165665. [PMID: 37478936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization is vital for the mitigation of global climate change and retention of soil carbon stocks. However, there are knowledge gaps on how SOC sources and stabilization respond to vegetation restoration. Therefore, we investigated lignin phenol and amino sugar biomarkers, SOC physical fractions and chemical structure in one farmland and four stands of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation. We observed that the content of SOC increased with afforestation, but the different biomarkers had different contributions to SOC. Compared to farmland, the contribution of lignin phenols to SOC decreased in the plantations, whereas there was no difference among the four stand ages, likely resulting from the balance between increasing lignin derivation input and increasing lignin degradation. Conversely, vegetation restoration increased the content of microbial necromass carbon (MNC) and the contribution of MNC to SOC, mainly because microbial residue decomposition was inhibited by decreasing the activity of leucine aminopeptidase, while microbial necromass preservation was promoted by adjusting soil variables (soil water content, clay, pH and total nitrogen). In addition, vegetation restoration increased the particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools and the O-alkyl C intensify. Overall, vegetation restoration affected SOC composition by regulating lignin phenols and microbial necromass and also altered SOC stabilization by increasing the physically stable MAOC pool during late afforestation. The results of this study suggest that more attention should be given to SOC sequestration and stability during late vegetation restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yangquanwei Zhong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | - Zhouping Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Wang C, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Xiao R, Zhang M. Effect of straw decomposition on organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in salt marshes. Sci Total Environ 2021; 777:145852. [PMID: 33676213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Straw addition can increase the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), and affect the content of aggregates and organic carbon fractions. The changes in aggregates and organic carbon fractions in the natural salt marsh, 10-year and 15-year freshwater pumping areas in the Yellow River Estuary were studied by 120-day field in situ culture experiments with Phragmites australis straw addition. The results showed that straw addition mainly enhanced the soil aggregate stability in the 10-year freshwater pumping area, and the organic carbon content of small macro-aggregates increased significantly by 26.36% (P < 0.05). In particular, the content of coarse particulate organic carbon (cPOC) with small macro-aggregates in all areas increased significantly with the addition of straw (P < 0.05). For small macro-aggregates in the 10-year pumping area, the cPOC contents increased significantly by 21.73 g/kg (P < 0.05); and were significantly higher than the fine particulate organic carbon (fPOC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (mSOC) contents, as the fPOC contents in micro-aggregates increased by 85.92% (P < 0.05). Additionally, the cPOC contents of small macro-aggregates and fPOC contents of micro-aggregates increased by 34.59% and 43.24% in the 15-year pumping area. The contents of mSOC were the lowest in different aggregates across all areas. Thus, straw addition had a significant effect on the contents of cPOC and fPOC, while freshwater pumping in the YRE could affect the distribution of fPOC and mSOC with aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yueyan Pan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Duan Y, Yang J, Song Y, Chen F, Li X, Awasthi MK, Li H, Zhang L. Clean technology for biochar and organic waste recycling, and utilization in apple orchard. Chemosphere 2021; 274:129914. [PMID: 33979918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Present study evaluated the utilization of clean technology for biochar combined with organic fertilizer in apple orchard aspect of soil organic carbon fractions and microbial community. Four treatments were performed with control (CK), rice husk biochar alone (B), bagasse fermented organic fertilizer alone (O) and biochar combined with organic fertilizer (BO). The results demonstrated that utilization of organic fertilizer integrated with biochar were obviously enhanced the total and active fractions organic carbon in the top-soil (0-20 cm), enriched the bacterial community diversity and the richest abundance presented in BO treatment with 4253 operational taxonomic unit. The visualization illustrated the superior bacterial community was affiliated with Proteobacteria (35.14%), Actinobacteria (21.34%), Acidobacteria (16.82%) and Firmicutes (14.70%). Additionally, redundancy analysis suggested the strong interaction between microorganisms and organic carbon fractions. Overall, the application of biochar combine with organic fertilizer was favorable approach in apple orchard management, attributed to the influence of essential factors by improve organic carbon and bacterial diversity especially conductive to the profitable strain proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Duan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaofeng Song
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengnan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huike Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang C, Xue L, Dong Y, Jiao R. Soil organic carbon fractions, C-cycling hydrolytic enzymes, and microbial carbon metabolism in Chinese fir plantations. Sci Total Environ 2021; 758:143695. [PMID: 33257064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which planting density affects soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions, C-cycling associated hydrolytic enzyme activities, and microbial carbon metabolism remain unclear. We evaluated the influences of five planting densities (D1: 1667 stems·ha-1, D2: 3333 stems·ha-1, D3: 4444 stems·ha-1, D4: 5000 stems·ha-1, and D5: 6667 stems·ha-1) on the concentrations of SOC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidizable carbon (EOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the activities of invertase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase, and microbial carbon metabolism activities in 5- and 35-year-old Chinese fir plantations. Generally, no significant differences in the SOC and DOC concentrations among five planting densities in 5-year-old plantations were found, but the SOC and DOC were significantly higher in high-density plantations (D3, D4, and D5) than in low-density plantations (D1 and D2) in 35-year-old plantations. The EOC concentration in low-density plantations was lower than that in high-density plantations in both 5- and 35-year-old plantations. The high planting density was associated with higher MBC, activities of invertase and β-glucosidase, and microbial carbon metabolism activity in 5-year-old plantations, but the opposite was found in 35-year-old plantations. The high-density plantations exhibited a significant decrease in cellulase activity in 35-year-old plantations. These results highlight that although increased planting density would enrich SOC storage after a long-term rotation of plantations, it also reduces microbial and enzymatic activities. This has important implications in the formulation of planting density management strategies to increase SOC stocks while maintaining soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lin Xue
- Department of Cartography, GIS and Remote Sensing, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ruzhen Jiao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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You F, Dalal R, Huang L. Initiation of soil formation in weathered sulfidic Cu-Pb-Zn tailings under subtropical and semi-arid climatic conditions. Chemosphere 2018; 204:318-326. [PMID: 29665535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Field evidence has been scarce about soil (or technosol) formation and direct phytostabilization of base metal mine tailings under field conditions. The present study evaluated key attributes of soil formation in weathered and neutral Cu-Pb-Zn tailings subject to organic amendment (WC: woodchips) and colonization of pioneer native plant species (mixed native woody and grass plant species) in a 2.5-year field trial under subtropical and semi-arid climatic conditions. Key soil indicators of engineered soil formation process were characterized, including organic carbon fractions, aggregation, microbial community and key enzymatic activities. The majority (64-87%) of the OC was stabilized in microaggregate or organo-mineral complexes in the amended tailings. The levels of OC and water soluble OC were elevated by 2-3 folds across the treatments, with the highest level in the treatment of WC and plant colonization (WC+P). Specifically, the WC+P treatment increased the proportion of water stable macroaggregates. Plants further contributed to the N rich organic matter in the tailings, favouring organo-mineral interactions and organic stabilization. Besides, the plants played a major role in boosting microbial biomass and activities in the treated tailings. WC and plants enhanced the contents of organic carbon (OC) associated with aggregates (e.g., physically protected OC), formation of water-stable aggregates (e.g., micro and macroaggregates), chemical buffering capacity (e.g., cation exchange capacity). Microbial community and enzymatic activities were also stimulated in the amended tailings. The present results showed that the formation of functional technosol was initiated in the eco-engineered and weathered Cu-Pb-Zn tailings under field conditions for direct phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang You
- University of Queensland, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Mineral Institute, St Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Ram Dalal
- Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, 4102 Queensland, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Longbin Huang
- University of Queensland, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Mineral Institute, St Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia.
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Bertelkamp C, van der Hoek JP, Schoutteten K, Hulpiau L, Vanhaecke L, Vanden Bussche J, Cabo AJ, Callewaert C, Boon N, Löwenberg J, Singhal N, Verliefde ARD. The effect of feed water dissolved organic carbon concentration and composition on organic micropollutant removal and microbial diversity in soil columns simulating river bank filtration. Chemosphere 2016; 144:932-939. [PMID: 26432535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated organic micropollutant (OMP) biodegradation rates in laboratory-scale soil columns simulating river bank filtration (RBF) processes. The dosed OMP mixture consisted of 11 pharmaceuticals, 6 herbicides, 2 insecticides and 1 solvent. Columns were filled with soil from a RBF site and were fed with four different organic carbon fractions (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, transphilic and river water organic matter (RWOM)). Additionally, the effect of a short-term OMP/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) shock-load (e.g. quadrupling the OMP concentrations and doubling the DOC concentration) on OMP biodegradation rates was investigated to assess the resilience of RBF systems. The results obtained in this study imply that - in contrast to what is observed for managed aquifer recharge systems operating on wastewater effluent - OMP biodegradation rates are not affected by the type of organic carbon fraction fed to the soil column, in case of stable operation. No effect of a short-term DOC shock-load on OMP biodegradation rates between the different organic carbon fractions was observed. This means that the RBF site simulated in this study is resilient towards transient higher DOC concentrations in the river water. However, a temporary OMP shock-load affected OMP biodegradation rates observed for the columns fed with the river water organic matter (RWOM) and the hydrophilic fraction of the river water organic matter. These different biodegradation rates did not correlate with any of the parameters investigated in this study (cellular adenosine triphosphate (cATP), DOC removal, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), richness/evenness of the soil microbial population or OMP category (hydrophobicity/charge).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bertelkamp
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands; Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - J P van der Hoek
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands; Strategic Centre, Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096 AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Schoutteten
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Hulpiau
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Vanden Bussche
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A J Cabo
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics (DIAM), Faculty EEMCS, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - C Callewaert
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Boon
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Löwenberg
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - N Singhal
- The University of Auckland, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - A R D Verliefde
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Vodička P, Schwarz J, Cusack M, Ždímal V. Detailed comparison of OC/EC aerosol at an urban and a rural Czech background site during summer and winter. Sci Total Environ 2015; 518-519:424-33. [PMID: 25770955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Winter and summer measurements of organic carbon and elemental carbon (OC and EC) in PM2.5 were performed in parallel at two sites, the rural background station Košetice and the Prague-Suchdol urban background site, with a 2-h time resolution using semi-online field OC/EC analysers. Seasonal and site differences were found in the OC and EC contents of PM2.5. Overall, the highest concentrations of both OC and EC were during winter at the urban site. The average urban impact was 50% for OC and 70% for EC. The summer season gives similar concentrations of OC at both sites. However, higher concentrations of EC, caused by higher traffic, were found at the urban site with an average urban increase of 50%. Moreover, an analysis of four OC fractions depending on the volatility (OC1 - most volatile, OC4 - least volatile) and pyrolytic carbon (PC) is provided. A similar level of each OC fraction at both sites was found in summer, except for higher OC1 at urban and higher PC at the rural site. In winter, the differences between the urban and rural sites were dominated by a large increase of the OC1 fraction in comparison with the rural site. A diurnal pattern of concentration and share of OC1 and PC suggests a prevailing influence of local sources on their concentrations at the urban site in winter. The OC3 and OC4 diurnal cycles suggest their more regional or long range transport origin in both seasons. The prevalent influence of OC1 at any urban site has not been previously reported. The minimisation of semi-volatile carbon losses during semi-continuous sampling and analysis, in comparison with off-line sampling methods, is a probable reason for the observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vodička
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Cusack
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Ždímal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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