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Ali S, Bukhari DA, Rehman A. Call for biotechnological approach to degrade plastic in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103583. [PMID: 36748033 PMCID: PMC9893805 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global issue and has become a major concern since Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. In developing nations, landfilling and illegal waste disposal are typical ways to dispose of COVID-19-infected material. These technologies worsen plastic pollution and other human and animal health problems. Plastic degrades in light and heat, generating hazardous primary and secondary micro-plastic. Certain bacteria can degrade artificial polymers using genes, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. Microorganisms including bacteria degrade petrochemical plastics slowly. High molecular weight, strong chemical bonds, and excessive hydrophobicity reduce plastic biodegradation. There is not enough study on genes, enzymes, and bacteria-plastic interactions. Synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and bioinformatics methods have been created to biodegrade synthetic polymers. This review will focus on how microorganisms' degrading capacity can be increased using recent biotechnological techniques.
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Key Words
- BHET, bis(2-hydroxyethyl
- Bacteria
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease-19
- FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared
- HDPE, High-density polyethene
- LDPE, Low-density polyethene
- MHET, Mono(2-hydroxyethyl
- MP, Microplastics
- Microorganisms
- NP, Nanoplastics
- PE, Polyethene
- PES, Polyethylene succinate
- PET, Polyethylene terephthalate
- PP, Polypropylene
- PPE, Personal protective equipment
- PS, Polystyrene
- PVC, Polyvinyl chloride
- Plastic degradation
- Plastic pollution
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TPA, Terephthalic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dilara A. Bukhari
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan,Correspondence author at: Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Koch V, Loos G, Gruenewald LD, Eichler K, Booz C, D'Angelo T, Yel I, Mahmoudi S, Martin SS, Harth M, Albrecht MH, Zangos S, Bernatz S, Thalhammer A, Scholtz JE, Vogl TJ, Gruber-Rouh T. Comprehensive comparison of three different workstations for accurate planning of endovascular stent implantation in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 9:100427. [PMID: 35757233 PMCID: PMC9213697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the diagnostic precision of three different workstations for measuring thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) in vivo and ex vivo using either pre-interventional computed tomography angiography scans (CTA) or a specifically designed phantom model. Methods This retrospective study included 23 patients with confirmed TAA on routinely performed CTAs. In addition to phantom tube diameters, one experienced blinded radiologist evaluated the dimensions of TAAs on three different workstations in two separate rounds. Precision was assessed by calculating measurement errors. In addition, correlation analysis was performed using Pearson correlation. Results Measurements acquired at the Siemens workstation deviated by 3.54% (range, 2.78–4.03%; p = 0.14) from the true size, those at General Electric by 4.05% (range, 1.46–7.09%; p < 0.0001), and at TeraRecon by 4.86% (range, 3.22–6.45%; p < 0.0001). Accordingly, Siemens provided the most precise workstation at simultaneously most fluctuating values (scattering of 4.46%). TeraRecon had the smallest fluctuation (scattering of 2.83%), but the largest deviation from the true size of the phantom. The workstation from General Electric showed a scattering of 2.94%. The highest overall correlation between the 1st and 2nd rounds was observed with measurements from Siemens (r = 0.898), followed by TeraRecon (r = 0.799), and General Electric (r = 0.703). Repetition of measurements reduced processing times by 40% when using General Electric, by 20% with Siemens, and by 18% with TeraRecon. Conclusions In conclusion, all three workstations facilitated precise assessment of dimensions in the majority of cases at simultaneously high reproducibility, ensuring accurate pre-interventional planning of thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Pre-interventional planning of TEVAR in patients with TAAs using CTA is feasible. All three workstations facilitated accurate measurements in vivo and ex vivo. Repetition of measurements resulted in faster processing due to learning effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Koch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerald Loos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leon D Gruenewald
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Eichler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Booz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tommaso D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Scherwin Mahmoudi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon S Martin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc Harth
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moritz H Albrecht
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Zangos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Bernatz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Thalhammer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Scholtz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gruber-Rouh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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