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Agarwal V, Thirthalli J, Kumar CN, Christopher R, U Arunachal G, Reddy KS, Rawat VS, Gangadhar BN, Wood J, Nimgaonkar V. Parental consanguinity among patients with schizophrenia in a rural community of South India: A clinical and genetic investigation. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 64:102814. [PMID: 34425412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies from certain regions of the world indicate that consanguineous marriages are a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia in offspring. However the evidence is inconsistent partly due to methodological limitation of which hospital based recruitment contributing to significant bias. The studies from the Indian subcontinent, is scarce, where rates of consanguinity is high. METHODS The schizophrenia patients living in a geographically defined rural south Indian community and randomly selected controls dwelling in the same community sharing sociocultural, economic and lifestyle factors were recruited. They were assessed for parental consanguinity using the clinical interviews as well as DNA-based estimates. The latter was conducted by calculating the coefficient of inbreeding 'f'. A participant was considered to have consanguineous parentage if his/her parents shared a common ancestor no more remote than a great-great-grandparent, corresponding to DNA-based estimates of 'f' ≥ 0.0156. RESULTS The rates of parental consanguinity assessed by clinical interview were comparable in both groups (Cases: 10.71 %, Controls: 7.25 %; χ2 = 0.493, p = 0.4825). However, DNA-based rates of parental consanguinity showed that 'f' was significantly higher among cases than controls (Mann-Whitney U = 11315.5; p = 0.022). Seventy-five cases (62.5 %) and 108 control participants (48.6 %) had 'f' ≥ 0.0156 (χ2 = 6.008; p = 0.014). The results were consistent across different quality control measures. CONCLUSION Schizophrenia is associated with higher parental consanguinity, suggesting a role for multiple recessive risk alleles in its etiology. Replication in future studies in diverse settings would add further strength to this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | | | - Rita Christopher
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gautham U Arunachal
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - K Shanivaram Reddy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vikram Singh Rawat
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Mediacal Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Bangalore N Gangadhar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Joel Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Vishwajit Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Diatewa BM, Maneh N, Domingo AS, Mewamba Wamba R, Amouzou D, Didier Ayena K, Patrice Balo K. [Association between consanguinity with the ocular congenital abnormalities in Togo]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 44:63-66. [PMID: 33277085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the possibility of an association between parental consanguinity and the occurrence of congenital ocular abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out over 3 years, from January 2016 to December 2018, in the pediatric ophthalmology unit of the University Hospital Campus of Lomé (Togo). It included children with congenital ocular abnormalities. Age, gender, geographic origin (city or urban area, village or rural area), degree of consanguinity of parents and types of congenital ocular abnomalities were the variables of study. Odds Ratio (OR) and logistic regression were used to investigate the correlation between parental consanguinity and the occurrence of congenital ocular abnormalities. A P-value of<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Among the 103 patients with congenital ocular abnormalities, there were 60 (58.2%) males and 43 (41.8%) females. The mean age of the patients was 16 months, range 1 month-5 years. Patients born to consanguineous parents were 26.2% (27) of the total population. Of these 27 patients, 25 (92.6%) were born to second-cousin marriages and 24 (88.89%) came from a rural area. Parental consanguinity was correlated with developmental abnormalities of the globe (OR=37.50; 95% CI: [4.46-314.80]; r=3.62; P=0.00), sclerocornea (OR=13.04; 95% CI: [1.39-122.54]; r=2.57; P=0.02) and corneal dystrophy (OR=9.37; 95% CI: [0.93-94.36]; r=2.24; P=0.02). CONCLUSION Our study suggests the existence of a correlation between parental consanguinity and the occurrence of congenital ocular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Diatewa
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Campus de Lomé, BP : 30284, Lomé, Togo.
| | - N Maneh
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Campus de Lomé, BP : 30284, Lomé, Togo; Faculté des sciences de la santé, université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - A S Domingo
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Campus de Lomé, BP : 30284, Lomé, Togo
| | - R Mewamba Wamba
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Campus de Lomé, BP : 30284, Lomé, Togo
| | - D Amouzou
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Campus de Lomé, BP : 30284, Lomé, Togo
| | - K Didier Ayena
- Faculté des sciences de la santé, université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - K Patrice Balo
- Faculté des sciences de la santé, université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Silva CM, Pereira MCDM, Queiroz TBD, Neves LTD. Can parental consanguinity be a risk factor for the occurrence of nonsyndromic oral cleft? Early Hum Dev 2019; 135:23-26. [PMID: 31226652 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cleft lip with or without palate is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly, presenting prevalence that varies between different ethnicities. It presents a complex and multifactorial etiology which involves genetic and environmental factors. Regarding family history, some studies have observed a significant association among parental consanguinity and orofacial clefts. AIMS To investigate if there is an association between parental consanguinity and the occurrence of oral cleft in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative case-control study. SUBJECTS Case group - parents of subjects with nonsyndromic oral cleft (n = 746). Oral cleft was classified in the following group: cleft lip only - CLO (complete or incomplete, unilateral or bilateral); complete cleft lip and palate - CLP (unilateral or bilateral); and, cleft palate only - CPO (complete or incomplete). Control group - parents of subjects without clefts or other anomalies (n = 502), totaling 1248 subjects. OUTCOME MEASURES Fisher's exact test was used to compare the consanguinity rates observed between the two groups (p < 0.05 for statistically significant differences). RESULTS A positive consanguinity rate of 2.68% was observed in the case group and 0.79% in the control group. This difference found between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.02). The most frequent degree of kinship in cases of consanguineous marriages, in both groups, was between first cousins. The most frequent types of clefts in the offspring were also the cleft palate only and the cleft lip only. CONCLUSION In the study population, parental consanguinity was associated with the occurrence of nonsyndromic oral cleft, and may be considered an isolated risk factor in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maia Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Silvio Marchione Street, 3-20, Vila Universitária, 17012-900 Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
| | - Maria Carolina de Moraes Pereira
- Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Silvio Marchione Street, 3-20, Vila Universitária, 17012-900 Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
| | - Thaís Bernardes de Queiroz
- Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Silvio Marchione Street, 3-20, Vila Universitária, 17012-900 Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
| | - Lucimara Teixeira das Neves
- Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Silvio Marchione Street, 3-20, Vila Universitária, 17012-900 Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, (FOB/USP), Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla Al, 9-75, Vila Universitária, 17012-901 Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
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Nandhini Devi G, Thalamuthu A, Valarmathi S, Karthikeyen NP, Srikumari Srisailapathy CR. Genetic epidemiology of stuttering among school children in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. J Fluency Disord 2018; 58:11-21. [PMID: 30343931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stuttering is a fluency disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 1%. Reports on the epidemiology of stuttering in India are limited. Our primary goal was to examine the prevalence of the disorder among school children. The study also aimed to examine risk factors associated with severity and the impact of parental consanguinity in stuttering. METHOD Children from 97 schools in the State of Tamil Nadu, India were screened. Extensive speech characterization, epidemiological details and three-generational pedigrees were collected for 180 probands. The genetic basis of stuttering was examined using the analysis of genealogical index of families (GIF), kinship group and sibling recurrence risk (SRR) measures. Regression analysis and chi-square tests were performed to test the association of risk factors with severity of the disorder. RESULTS Among the 74,544 school children screened, the prevalence of stuttering was found to be 0.46%. Pedigree analysis revealed a positive family history in 101 (56%) probands; overall familial incidence was 11%. We observed an overall male-favored sex ratio (4:1). Familial aggregation (GIF = 442.60, p-value <0.001) and sibling recurrence risk ratio (Ks = 0.197, SD = 0.041) was high among consanguineous families. Severity of stuttering was strongly associated with gender and moderately associated with age at onset. CONCLUSION The prevalence of stuttering in Tamil Nadu is estimated for the first time in this study. High familial incidence, familial aggregation and sibling recurrence risk ratio point to the presence of a genetic basis. Familial aggregation was high among consanguineous families although consanguinity did not seem to play a role in severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nandhini Devi
- Department of Genetics, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600 113, India.
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre For Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - S Valarmathi
- Department of Epidemiology, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, 600 032, India.
| | - N P Karthikeyen
- DOAST (Doctrine Oriented Art of Symbiotic Treatment) Speech & Hearing Care Center and Integrated Therapy Center for Autism, Anna Nagar West, Chennai, India.
| | - C R Srikumari Srisailapathy
- Department of Genetics, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600 113, India.
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Konukseven O, Kaya S, Genc A, Muluk NB, Basar FS, Kirkim G, Tuncer U, Karatas E, Topcu C, Bolat H, Dincol I. Regional differences of Turkey in risk factors of newborn hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 102:49-55. [PMID: 29106875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to discover Turkish regional differences in the risk factors of newborn hearing loss. METHOD A multi-centered retrospective design was used. A total of 443 children, registered to the national newborn hearing screening programme, with bilateral hearing loss, from five different regions of Turkey, were evaluated in terms of the types of hearing loss, the degree of hearing loss, the types of risk factors, parental consanguinity, age at diagnosis and age of auditory intervention, respectively. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hearing loss between regions (χ2 = 3.210, P = 0.523). Symmetric Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL) was the most common type of HL in all regions (91.8%). Profound HL was the most common degree of HL in all regions (46.2%). There were statistically significant differences between regions in terms of types of HL (χ2 = 14.151, P = 0.000). As a total, 323 (72.9%) of subjects did not have any risk factors. There were statistically significant differences between regions in terms of the types of risk factors (pre, peri and post-natal) for SSNHL (χ2 = 16.095, P = 0.000). For all regions, the age of diagnosis was convenient with the JCIH criteria. However the age of hearing aid application was prolonged in some regions. There were statistically significant differences between regions in terms of the age of diagnosis (χ2 = 93.570, P = 0.000) and the age of auditory intervention (χ2 = 47.323, P = 0.000). The confounding effects of gender, age of diagnosis, age of hearing aids applications, HL in the family, types of risk factors for HL on SSNHL were detected. CONCLUSION To reach the goal of a high quality newborn hearing screening, there is a need to develop an evidence-based standard for follow up guideline. In addition, risk factors should be re-evaluated according to regional differences and all regions should take their own precautions according to their evidence based data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Konukseven
- Istanbul Aydın University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Audiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Kaya
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Audiology Department, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aydan Genc
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Audiology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Bayar Muluk
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Figen Suren Basar
- 19 Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Audiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gunay Kirkim
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Audiology Department, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ulku Tuncer
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Adana, Turkey
| | - Erkan Karatas
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Topcu
- Ankara Ataturk Research and Training Hospital, ENT Department, Hearing & Balance Disorders, Diagnose and Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Bolat
- Ministry of Health, Family Planning (MCHFP), Directorate General for Mother & Child's Health and Family Planning, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Dincol
- Ankara Ataturk Research and Training Hospital, ENT Department, Hearing & Balance Disorders, Diagnose and Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey
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