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Lin Y, Yan B, Mitas B, Li C, Fabritius T, Shu Q. Calcium carbonate synthesis from Kambara reactor desulphurization slag via indirect carbonation for CO 2 capture and utilization. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119773. [PMID: 38113789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, industrial Kambara reactor desulphurization slag (KR slag) was indirectly carbonated. The effects of leaching time, leaching temperature, leaching agent types, and leaching agent concentration on the leaching ratio of calcium from KR slag were investigated. Subsequently, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was synthesized by bubbling CO2 gas (flow rate of 15 mL/min) into 400 mL leaching solutions at 40 °C for 120 min with magnetic stirring at 300 rpm. It is found that calcium in KR slag can be selectively extracted using a diluted solution of ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) or ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), while ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) solution is not suitable as leaching agent due to the formation of slightly soluble calcium sulfate (CaSO4). The leaching ratio of calcium is improved by extending the leaching time or increasing the leaching solvent concentration. However, leaching temperature has little effect on calcium extraction. After carbonating the NH4Cl- and CH3COONH4-leachate for 120 min, calcite and vaterite type PCC with a purity of 99% is synthesized. Each gram of KR slag can produce 0.794 g and 0.803 g PCC using NH4Cl and CH3COONH4 leaching agents respectively. Calculations show that 349.6 kg CO2 is captured by per ton of KR slag. The CO2 capture capacity of KR slag is significantly higher compared with previously studied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341119, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341119, China; School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Baijun Yan
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Bernhard Mitas
- Ferrous Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, 8700, Austria.
| | - Chenglei Li
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341119, China.
| | - Timo Fabritius
- Process Metallurgy Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Qifeng Shu
- Process Metallurgy Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland.
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Chindaprasirt P, Jaturapitakkul C, Tangchirapat W, Jitsangiam P, Nuithitikul K, Rattanasak U. Carbon dioxide capture with aqueous calcium carbide residual solution for calcium carbonate synthesis and its use as an epoxy resin filler. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118783. [PMID: 37598494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbide residue (CCR) is a waste obtained from the production of acetylene gas by the hydration reaction of calcium carbide. This residue is generated in large quantities annually and requires appropriate disposal. The main composition of the residue is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Ca(OH)2 can react with CO2 gas and form CaCO3 particles. This process is well known but not very attractive since Ca(OH)2 is obtained from limestone using an energy-intensive thermal conversion process. This paper examined the synthesis of CaCO3 from CCR solutions by capturing CO2 with the aid of triethanolamine (TEA) solutions at doses of 0, 5, 10 and 20% w/w. The precipitated CaCO3 was characterized, and the application of CaCO3 as a filler in epoxy resin was tested. The results showed that the precipitated CaCO3 was mainly calcite, with a 76.6% yield. Cubic calcite was primarily obtained in TEA solutions, whereas small and agglomerated spherical vaterite and cubic calcite particles were formed in non-TEA solutions. The CaCO3-filled epoxy composites showed higher compressive strength than the neat resin. However, the transparency of specimen plates was reduced. These results can serve as guidelines for the application of CCR slurry filtrate obtained from the sedimentation ponds of acetylene plants and help to reduce the amount of wastewater that needs to be treated. CO2 gas from industrial flue gas combined with TEA solution could be applied to precipitate CaCO3 for carbon-neutral manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinya Chindaprasirt
- Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Chai Jaturapitakkul
- Construction Innovations and Future Infrastructures Research Center (CIFIR), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Weerachart Tangchirapat
- Construction Innovations and Future Infrastructures Research Center (CIFIR), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Peerapong Jitsangiam
- Chiang Mai University-Advanced Railway Civil and Foundation Engineering Center (CMU-RailCFC), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kamchai Nuithitikul
- Biomass and Oil Palm Center of Excellence, School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Ubolluk Rattanasak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Altiner M, Top S, Kaymakoğlu B. Ultrasonic-assisted production of precipitated calcium carbonate particles from desulfurization gypsum. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 72:105421. [PMID: 33387759 PMCID: PMC7803856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic application on the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles from desulfurization gypsum via direct mineral carbonation method using conventional and venturi tube reactors in the presence of different alkali sources (NaOH, KOH and NH4OH). The venturi tube was designed to determine the effect of ultrasonication on PCC production. Ultrasonic application was performed three times (before, during, and after PCC production) to evaluate its exact effect on the properties of the PCC particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscope (AFM), specific surface area (SSA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and particle size analyses were performed. Results revealed the strong influence of the reactor types on the nucleation rate of PCC particles. The presence of Na+ or K+ ions in the production resulted in producing PCC particles containing only calcite crystals, while a mixture of vaterite and calcite crystals was observed if NH4+ ions were present. The use of ultrasonic power during PCC production resulted in producing cubic calcite rather than vaterite crystals in the presence of all ions. It was determined that ultrasonic power should be conducted in the venturi tube before PCC production to obtain PCC particles with superior properties (uniform particle size, nanosized crystals, and high SSA value). The resulting PCC particles in this study can be suitably used in paint, paper, and plastic industries according to the ASTM standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Altiner
- Department of Mining Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey.
| | - Soner Top
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Burçin Kaymakoğlu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
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Khanjani P, Ristolainen M, Kosonen H, Virtanen P, Ceccherini S, Maloney T, Vuorinen T. Time-triggered calcium ion bridging in preparation of films of oxidized microfibrillated cellulose and pulp. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 218:63-67. [PMID: 31221344 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the main trends in developing bio-based materials is to improve their mechanical and physical properties using MFC derived from sustainable natural sources and compatible low-cost chemicals. The strength of anionic MFC based materials can be increased with addition of multivalent cations. However, direct mixing of solutions of multivalent cations with oxidized MFC may result in immediate, uncontrollable fibril aggregation and flock formation. The aim of this study was to design a method where Ca2+ ions liberate from solid CaCO3 particles on bleached hardwood (birch) kraft pulp, which was mixed with oxidized MFC and crosslink it to tailor the mechanical properties of the dried structure. In few minutes after adding acetic anhydride, pH of the wet film dropped from 7.3-4.8 through liberation of acetic acid and CaCO3 particles solubilized releasing Ca2+. The novel method could be applied on industrial scale for improving the performance of packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Khanjani
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, 00076, Finland.
| | | | - Harri Kosonen
- UPM Research Center, FIN-53200, Lappeenranta, Finland.
| | - Pasi Virtanen
- UPM Research Center, FIN-53200, Lappeenranta, Finland.
| | - Sara Ceccherini
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, 00076, Finland.
| | - Thaddeus Maloney
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, 00076, Finland.
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, 00076, Finland.
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Höllen D, Berneder I, Capo Tous F, Stöllner M, Philipp Sedlazeck K, Schwarz T, Aldrian A, Lehner M. Stepwise treatment of ashes and slags by dissolution, precipitation of iron phases and carbonate precipitation for production of raw materials for industrial applications. Waste Manag 2018; 78:750-762. [PMID: 32559967 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a specific mineral carbonation reaction route applied to different types of alkaline industrial residues, i.e. biomass, paper sludge and municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes and stainless steel slags and dust. This new approach includes the dissolution of industrial residues in hydrochloric acid (HCl), followed by precipitation of iron compounds from the resulting aqueous solutions and the precipitation of calcium carbonates to employ in industrial applications (Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage, CCUS). The aim of this work is to apply this stepwise treatment to different types of poorly valorised industrial residues to assess which may be the most promising ones to employ for the process, in terms of total content of specific elements in the obtained products. Our results clearly indicate that the investigated ashes and slags consist of 20-30 wt% CaO which is bound in a broad variety of mineral phases. Reaction of slags and ashes with HCl leads to the formation of Si-rich solid residues and Ca-rich aqueous solutions. Dissolution residues from ash treatment might be used as lightweight concrete aggregate in case of appropriate mechanical properties, whereas dissolution residues from slag treatment might serve as metallurgical Cr concentrates. Resulting aqueous solutions show high concentrations of Ca (>10 g/L), up to 27 g/L of Fe and significant amounts of heavy metals like Pb, Ba, Zn, Cu, Ni. The concentration of dissolved Fe decreases to 2 mg/L by adding NH3 which leads to the precipitation of amorphous iron phases. Finally, calcium carbonates with a purity of 79-97% are precipitated by injecting CO2 at pH 9. These carbonates present lower heavy metal contents than the input materials (e.g. 0.3 wt% ZnO compared to 0.9 wt% for EAF-FD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Höllen
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| | - Iris Berneder
- Chair of Process Technology and Industrial Environmental Protection, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Francesca Capo Tous
- Chair of Process Technology and Industrial Environmental Protection, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Markus Stöllner
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Klaus Philipp Sedlazeck
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Therese Schwarz
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Alexia Aldrian
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Markus Lehner
- Chair of Process Technology and Industrial Environmental Protection, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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de Beer M, Doucet FJ, Maree JP, Liebenberg L. Synthesis of high-purity precipitated calcium carbonate during the process of recovery of elemental sulphur from gypsum waste. Waste Manag 2015; 46:619-627. [PMID: 26316100 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that the production of elemental sulphur and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from gypsum waste by thermally reducing the waste into calcium sulphide (CaS) followed by its direct aqueous carbonation yielded low-grade carbonate products (i.e. <90 mass% as CaCO3). In this study, we used the insight gained from our previous work and developed an indirect aqueous CaS carbonation process for the production of high-grade CaCO3 (i.e. >99 mass% as CaCO3) or precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The process used an acid gas (H2S) to improve the aqueous dissolution of CaS, which is otherwise poorly soluble. The carbonate product was primarily calcite (99.5%) with traces of quartz (0.5%). Calcite was the only CaCO3 polymorph obtained; no vaterite or aragonite was detected. The product was made up of micron-size particles, which were further characterised by XRD, TGA, SEM, BET and true density. Results showed that about 0.37 ton of high-grade PCC can be produced from 1.0 ton of gypsum waste, and generates about 0.19 ton of residue, a reduction of 80% from original waste gypsum mass to mass of residue that needs to be discarded off. The use of gypsum waste as primary material in replacement of mined limestone for the production of PPC could alleviate waste disposal problems, along with converting significant volumes of waste materials into marketable commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de Beer
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (Pretoria), North-West University, South Africa.
| | - F J Doucet
- Council for Geoscience, Private Bag X112, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - J P Maree
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - L Liebenberg
- Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (Pretoria), North-West University, South Africa
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Korhonen MHJ, Rojas OJ, Laine J. Effect of charge balance and dosage of polyelectrolyte complexes on the shear resistance of mineral floc strength and reversibility. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:73-8. [PMID: 25721858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) with varying balance of charges on the flocculation of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles. PECs composed of polyacrylamides carrying opposite charges (A-PAM and C-PAM) were investigated in terms of PCC floc shear resistance and re-flocculation effects. Light transmission was used in real time to monitor the dynamics of flocculation under shear fields. Compared to the single polyelectrolytes, PECs greatly enhanced particle re-flocculation while minor differences in shear resistance were observed. Shear resistance and re-flocculation depended strongly on the molecular weight and charge ratio of the PEC components. In order to achieve floc stability and re-flocculation conditions a minimum concentration of charge-asymmetric PEC should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H J Korhonen
- Biobased Colloids and Materials Group (BiCMat), Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-16300, Finland.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Biobased Colloids and Materials Group (BiCMat), Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-16300, Finland
| | - Janne Laine
- Biobased Colloids and Materials Group (BiCMat), Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-16300, Finland
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