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Fan L, Hong K, Allen BD, Paul R, Carr JC, Zhang S, Passman R, Robinson JD, Lee DC, Rigsby CK, Kim D. Ultra-rapid, Free-breathing, Real-time Cardiac Cine MRI Using GRASP Amplified with View Sharing and KWIC Filtering. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2024; 6:e230107. [PMID: 38358330 PMCID: PMC10912880 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.230107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To achieve ultra-high temporal resolution (approximately 20 msec) in free-breathing, real-time cardiac cine MRI using golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) reconstruction amplified with view sharing (VS) and k-space-weighted image contrast (KWIC) filtering. Materials and Methods Fourteen pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (mean age [SD], 9 years ± 2; 13 male) and 10 adult patients with arrhythmia (mean age, 62 years ± 8; nine male) who underwent both standard breath-hold cine and free-breathing real-time cine using GRASP were retrospectively identified. To achieve high temporal resolution, each time frame was reconstructed using six radial spokes, corresponding to acceleration factors ranging from 24 to 32. To compensate for loss in spatial resolution resulting from over-regularization in GRASP, VS and KWIC filtering were incorporated. The blur metric, visual image quality scores, and biventricular parameters were compared between clinical and real-time cine images. Results In pediatric patients, the incorporation of VS and KWIC into GRASP (ie, GRASP + VS + KWIC) produced significantly (P < .05) sharper x-y-t (blur metric: 0.36 ± 0.03, 0.41 ± 0.03, 0.48 ± 0.03, respectively) and x-y-f (blur metric: 0.28 ± 0.02, 0.31 ± 0.03, 0.37 ± 0.03, respectively) component images compared with GRASP + VS and conventional GRASP. Only the noise score differed significantly between GRASP + VS + KWIC and clinical cine; all visual scores were above the clinically acceptable (3.0) cutoff point. Biventricular volumetric parameters strongly correlated (R2 > 0.85) between clinical and real-time cine images reconstructed with GRASP + VS + KWIC and were in good agreement (relative error < 6% for all parameters). In adult patients, the visual scores of all categories were significantly lower (P < .05) for clinical cine compared with real-time cine with GRASP + VS + KWIC, except for noise (P = .08). Conclusion Incorporating VS and KWIC filtering into GRASP reconstruction enables ultra-high temporal resolution (approximately 20 msec) without significant loss in spatial resolution. Keywords: Cine, View Sharing, k-Space-weighted Image Contrast Filtering, Radial k-Space, Pediatrics, Arrhythmia, GRASP, Compressed Sensing, Real-Time, Free-Breathing Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiaozi Fan
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - KyungPyo Hong
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bradley D. Allen
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Rupsa Paul
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - James C. Carr
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sarah Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Rod Passman
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joshua D. Robinson
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Cynthia K. Rigsby
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Daniel Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (L.F., K.P.H., B.D.A., R.P., J.C.C.,
S.Z., J.D.R., C.K.R., D.K.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute (R.P.), Department of Pediatrics (J.D.R., C.K.R.), and
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.L.), Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago,
IL 60611; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Ill (L.F., D.K.); and Division of Cardiology (J.D.R.) and Department
of Medical Imaging (C.K.R.), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
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Hasan NI, Dannhauer M, Wang D, Deng ZD, Gomez LJ. Real-Time Computation of Brain E-Field for Enhanced Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Neuronavigation and Optimization. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.25.564044. [PMID: 37961454 PMCID: PMC10635016 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.564044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) coil placement and pulse waveform current are often chosen to achieve a specified E-field dose on targeted brain regions. TMS neuronavigation could be improved by including real-time accurate distributions of the E-field dose on the cortex. We introduce a method and develop software for computing brain E-field distributions in real-time enabling easy integration into neuronavigation and with the same accuracy as 1st -order finite element method (FEM) solvers. Initially, a spanning basis set (< 400) of E-fields generated by white noise magnetic currents on a surface separating the head and permissible coil placements are orthogonalized to generate the modes. Subsequently, Reciprocity and Huygens' principles are utilized to compute fields induced by the modes on a surface separating the head and coil by FEM, which are used in conjunction with online (real-time) computed primary fields on the separating surface to evaluate the mode expansion. We conducted a comparative analysis of E-fields computed by FEM and in real-time for eight subjects, utilizing two head model types (SimNIBS's 'headreco' and 'mri2mesh' pipeline), three coil types (circular, double-cone, and Figure-8), and 1000 coil placements (48,000 simulations). The real-time computation for any coil placement is within 4 milliseconds (ms), for 400 modes, and requires less than 4 GB of memory on a GPU. Our solver is capable of computing E-fields within 4 ms, making it a practical approach for integrating E-field information into the neuronavigation systems without imposing a significant overhead on frame generation (20 and 50 frames per second within 50 and 20 ms, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahian I. Hasan
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University,, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, USA
| | - Moritz Dannhauer
- Computational Neurostimulation Research Program, Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health,, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University,, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Computational Neurostimulation Research Program, Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health,, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis J. Gomez
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University,, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, USA
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