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Tello JA, Leporati JL, Colombetti PL, Ortiz CG, Jofré MB, Ferrari GV, González P. Evaluation and monitoring of the water quality of an Argentinian urban river applying multivariate statistics. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:30009-30025. [PMID: 38598159 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the water quality assessment of an urban river, the San Luis River, located in San Luis Province, Argentina. The San Luis River flows through two developing cities; hence, urban anthropic activities affect its water quality. The river was sampled spatially and temporally, evaluating ten physicochemical variables on each water sample. These data were used to calculate a Simplified Index of Water Quality in order to estimate river water quality and infer possible contamination sources. Data were statistically analyzed with the opensource software R, 4.1.0 version. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, correlation matrices, and heatmap analysis were performed. Results indicated that water quality decreases in areas where anthropogenic activities take place. Robust inferential statistical analysis was performed, employing an alternative of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), MANOVA.wide function. The most statistically relevant physicochemical variables associated with water quality decrease were used to develop a multiple linear regression model to estimate organic matter, reducing the variables necessary for continuous monitoring of the river and, hence, reducing costs. Given the limited information available in the region about the characteristics and recovery of this specific river category, the model developed is of vital importance since it can quickly detect anthropic alterations and contribute to the environmental management of the rivers. This model was also used to estimate organic matter at sites located in other similar rivers, obtaining satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Alejandra Tello
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL, CONICET), Almirante Brown 907, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Leandro Leporati
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ruta Provincial 55 (Ex 148) - Extremo Norte, Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Patricia Laura Colombetti
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Gabriela Ortiz
- Departamento de Educación y Formación Docente, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Almirante Brown 951, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mariana Beatriz Jofré
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL, CONICET), Almirante Brown 907, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Verónica Ferrari
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL, CONICET), Almirante Brown 907, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Patricia González
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL, CONICET), Almirante Brown 907, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
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Kumar J, Alam A, Borah S, Gogoi P, Das BK. Influence of barrages on hydrological parameters and functional groups of phytoplankton of a subtropical river Ganga, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27864-8. [PMID: 37256395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study used phytoplankton functional groups (FGs) to assess the impact of barrages on the ecological function of subtropical river Ganga. A total of 101 phytoplankton species were identified, including 20 phytoplankton FGs with MP and D having the highest prevalence rates of more than 50%. Other FGs with higher occurrence rates, such as N, A, and J, displayed seasonal and spatial advantages on occasion, indicating the randomness of exogenous influx from catchment areas. Based on phytoplankton FGs similarities, a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) revealed geographical and seasonal discrepancies. The higher concentration of chemical components in Kanpur was linked to decreased water discharged from preceding reservoirs, resulting in a highly polluted stretch in terms of spatial variation, according to our findings. During the monsoon season, however, the diluting process caused by precipitation and surface runoff significantly improved water quality. As a result, we hypothesized that a sequence of barrages alters the hydrological characteristics of cascading reservoirs, which was related to spatial and seasonal fluctuation in FG diversity and phytoplankton FGs could be useful bioindicators of water quality. In conclusion, the phytoplankton FGs approach is useful for identifying the geographical and seasonal aspects of aquatic ecosystems that are heavily influenced by human activities, but its sensitivity to changes in spatial and seasonal water quality warrants more exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, 24, Panna Lal Road, Allahabad, 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Absar Alam
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, 24, Panna Lal Road, Allahabad, 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simanku Borah
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Regional Center, HOUSEFEED Complex, Dispur (Last Gate), Guwahati, 781006, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Gogoi
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, CGO Complex (2Nd Floor, C-Wing), DF Block, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 064, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
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Bastos MC, Rheinheimer DDS, Le Guet T, Vargas Brunet J, Aubertheau E, Mondamert L, Labanowski J. Presence of pharmaceuticals and bacterial resistance genes in river epilithic biofilms exposed to intense agricultural and urban pressure. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:328. [PMID: 36697888 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The continuous discharge of pharmaceutical compounds into the aquatic environment has raised concerns over the contamination of water resources. Urban activities and intensive animal breeding are important sources of contamination. The accumulation of antibiotics may lead to the transfer or alternatively maintain the presence of resistance genes in natural microbial communities existing in epilithic biofilms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmaceutical contamination levels and the presence of resistance genes in biofilms from a South Brazilian watershed. The Guaporé watershed exhibits a high diversity of land use, including agricultural and urban areas with differing levels of anthropogenic pressure. Seventeen sites along the Guaporé watershed were monitored. Biofilm samples were collected in two seasons (winter and summer), and the pharmaceutical concentration and quantity of resistance genes were analyzed. All monitored sites were contaminated with pharmaceuticals. Agricultural activities contribute through transferring pharmaceuticals derived from the application of animal waste to agricultural fields. The most contaminated site (pharmaceuticals and bacterial resistance genes) was located in an urban area exposed to high pressure. Decreases in the contamination of biofilms were also observed, exemplifying processes of natural attenuation in the watershed. The quality of the biofilms sampled throughout the watershed served as a useful tool to understand and monitor environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Camotti Bastos
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, N° 1000, Bairro Camobi, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France.
| | - Danilo Dos Santos Rheinheimer
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, N° 1000, Bairro Camobi, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thibaut Le Guet
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Jocelina Vargas Brunet
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, N° 1000, Bairro Camobi, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 97105-900, Brazil
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Elodie Aubertheau
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Leslie Mondamert
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
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Grenni P. Antimicrobial Resistance in Rivers: A Review of the Genes Detected and New Challenges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:687-714. [PMID: 35191071 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
River ecosystems are very important parts of the water cycle and an excellent habitat, food, and drinking water source for many organisms, including humans. Antibiotics are emerging contaminants which can enter rivers from various sources. Several antibiotics and their related antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in these ecosystems by various research programs and could constitute a substantial problem. The presence of antibiotics and other resistance cofactors can boost the development of ARGs in the chromosomes or mobile genetic elements of natural bacteria in rivers. The ARGs in environmental bacteria can also be transferred to clinically important pathogens. However, antibiotics and their resistance genes are both not currently monitored by national or international authorities responsible for controlling the quality of water bodies. For example, they are not included in the contaminant list in the European Water Framework Directive or in the US list of Water-Quality Benchmarks for Contaminants. Although ARGs are naturally present in the environment, very few studies have focused on non-impacted rivers to assess the background ARG levels in rivers, which could provide some useful indications for future environmental regulation and legislation. The present study reviews the antibiotics and associated ARGs most commonly measured and detected in rivers, including the primary analysis tools used for their assessment. In addition, other factors that could enhance antibiotic resistance, such as the effects of chemical mixtures, the effects of climate change, and the potential effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, are discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:687-714. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Grenni
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, Rome, 00015, Italy
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Galinaro CA, Spadoto M, de Aquino FWB, de Souza Pelinson N, Vieira EM. Environmental risk assessment of parabens in surface water from a Brazilian river: the case of Mogi Guaçu Basin, São Paulo State, under precipitation anomalies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:8816-8830. [PMID: 34491494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are preservatives widely used by industry since these compounds have antifungal properties, relative low cost, and stability over a wide pH range. This study aims to quantify and assess the environmental risks of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP) in surface water from a Brazilian River, Mogi Guaçu. The State of São Paulo, including the Mogi Guaçu River region, suffered from a period of intense drought and high temperatures, which caused anomalies in river flows and water supply problems. The water samples were collected from 14 locations, along 300 km of river extension, at four different seasons. Samples were previously extracted and pre-concentrated by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and later analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization in tandem with mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) detector. During the sampling period, PP was detected in 89.3% of the water samples, MP in 87.5%, EP in 73.2%, and BP in 48.2%. The sum of parabens' average levels was 42.2 μg L-1 in Winter, 41.5 μg L-1 in Summer, 36.6 μg L-1 in Autumn, and 31.5 μg L-1 in Spring. These levels can be attributed to the smaller dilution effect caused by the drought period. Also, ecological risk assessment indicated that parabens could take a low, medium, and high risk for target organisms in the measured aquatic environments, especially considering Pimephales promelas where 15% of the samples do not present potential risk, 84% of samples can present medium risk and only 1% have low risk. Besides, the risks for BP are also considerably higher, when almost 40% presents for high risks and 60% for medium risks. The present study indicates worrisome threats to the water source and to allegedly protected biodiversity and, therefore, urgent actions are needed to effectively protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Galinaro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense 400, CEP 13.560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariangela Spadoto
- Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wendel Batista de Aquino
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís s/n km 235, P.O. Box 676, São Paulo, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Natália de Souza Pelinson
- São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Avenue, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Eny Maria Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense 400, CEP 13.560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moss K, Allen D, González-Fernández D, Allen S. Filling in the knowledge gap: Observing MacroPlastic litter in South Africa's rivers. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 162:111876. [PMID: 33302128 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Only 12% of the world's published plastic research includes references to Africa despite it being a significant contributor to the global plastic waste and mismanagement problem (~88.5% of Africa's plastic waste is mismanaged). Ocean plastics are transported from land by rivers to the sea. However, source contextualization is complex. Many African rivers predominantly run alongside human settlements that host informal waste dumpsites. In this study a simple cost effective, easily deployed, consistent and replicable survey methodology was employed. The study quantified macroplastic in three rivers discharging into Algoa Bay, South Africa. The results indicated that industrial Swartkops and metropolitan Baakens Rivers both illustrate moderate plastic pollution (>3000 plastic particles/day), with the relatively natural Sundays River to showing minimal evidence of river macro plastic (<100 plastic particles/day). The types of plastic were noted using the RIMMEL app (premier African implementation), enabling proportional comparison of different plastic litter types to be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deonie Allen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, WESP, University of Strathclyde, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel González-Fernández
- Department of Biology, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), University Marine Research Institute (INMAR), University of Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real
| | - Steve Allen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, WESP, University of Strathclyde, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Rico A, Arenas-Sánchez A, Alonso-Alonso C, López-Heras I, Nozal L, Rivas-Tabares D, Vighi M. Identification of contaminants of concern in the upper Tagus river basin (central Spain). Part 1: Screening, quantitative analysis and comparison of sampling methods. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:1058-1070. [PMID: 30970472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and point source contaminants (primarily pharmaceuticals) were monitored in 16 sampling sites of the upper Tagus river basin during spring, summer and autumn of 2016. A qualitative screening analysis was performed using a library of 430 compounds. Next, a novel method was implemented for the selection and quantification of contaminants with LC-MS/MS. The method is based on the frequency of detection in the screening, ecotoxicity data and the potential use in the watershed. Moreover, the efficacy of grab samples and passive samples (POCIS) in detecting compound-specific exposure patterns was compared during the summer sampling campaign. The screening method detected the presence of 268 compounds in the study area, out of which 52 were selected for the quantitative analysis (20 pesticides and 32 point source chemicals). Although very helpful in the prioritization exercise, the qualitative screening demonstrated some biases and the need for improvement by using more effective instruments for confirming positive results. Grab samples proved not to be fully suitable for contaminants with discontinuous exposure such as pesticides, which may be underestimated, but offer a sufficient basis for the characterization of contaminants coming from urban wastewaters. All selected chemicals showed a very high concentration variability due to differences among sampling sites, which are related to agricultural intensity and demographic pressure. Some insecticides (chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, imidacloprid), herbicides (diuron, metribuzine, simazine, terbuthylazine), and fungicides (carbendazim) were measured at concentrations exceeding 100 ng/L; while paracetamol, ibuprofen, some antibiotics (azithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim) and life-style compounds (caffeine, paraxanthine, nicotine) were found at very high concentrations (up to several μg/L). The results of this work represent the basis for the development of an ecological risk assessment for the aquatic ecosystem in the upper Tagus river basin and for the identification of basin-specific contaminant mixtures of environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Alonso-Alonso
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Heras
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Nozal
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology (CQAB), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rivas-Tabares
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Moldovan Z, Marincas O, Povar I, Lupascu T, Longree P, Rota JS, Singer H, Alder AC. Environmental exposure of anthropogenic micropollutants in the Prut River at the Romanian-Moldavian border: a snapshot in the lower Danube river basin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:31040-31050. [PMID: 30187404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Prut River, the second longest tributary of the Danube river, was investigated for a wide range of anthropogenic organic pollutants to fill the data gap on environmental contamination in eastern European surface waters. In this study, the occurrence of a wide range of organic pollutants was measured along the transboundary Prut River, between Sculeni and Branza in 2010-2012. Using two different analytical methods, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, over 300 compounds were screened for and 88 compounds were determined in the Prut River. In general, the chemicals occurred at low levels. At the last sampling site upstream of the confluence with the Danube river at Branza, the highest average concentrations (≥ 100 ng L-1) were determined for the artificial sweetener acesulfame, the pharmaceuticals metformin, 4-acetamidoantipyrene, and 4,4,5,8-tetramethylchroman-2-ol, the antioxidants 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-toluene, the personal care products HHCB (galaxolide), 4-phenyl-benzophenone, and octyl dimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid, the industrial chemical diphenylsulfone, and the sterol cholesterol. Low concentrations of agricultural pesticides occurred in the catchment. At Branza, the total accumulated load of all measured compounds was calculated to be almost 19 kg day-1. In comparison to the Rhine River, the loads in the Prut, determined with same LC-HRMS method for the same set of analytes, were two orders of magnitude lower. Discharge of wastewater without proper treatment from the city of Iasi in the Jijia catchment (Romania) as well as from the city of Cahul (Moldova) revealed a distinct increase in concentrations and loads in the Prut at Frasinesti and Branza. Thus, an implementation of wastewater treatment capacities in the Prut River basin would considerably reduce the loads of micropollutants from urban point sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaharie Moldovan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, RO-3400, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivian Marincas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, RO-3400, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Igor Povar
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Institute of Chemistry, MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Tudor Lupascu
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Institute of Chemistry, MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Philipp Longree
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Simovic Rota
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo C Alder
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Zhang Q, Blomquist JD. Watershed export of fine sediment, organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a to Chesapeake Bay: Spatial and temporal patterns in 1984-2016. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:1066-1078. [PMID: 29734585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chesapeake Bay has long experienced nutrient enrichment and water clarity deterioration. This study provides new quantification of loads and yields for sediment (fine and coarse grained), organic carbon (total, dissolved, and particulate), and chlorophyll-a from the monitored nontidal Chesapeake Bay watershed (MNTCBW), all of which are expected to drive estuarine water clarity. We conducted an integrated analysis of nine major tributaries to the Bay to understand spatial and temporal export patterns over the last thirty years (1984-2016). In terms of spatial pattern, export of these constituents from the MNTCBW was strongly dominated (~90%) by the three largest tributaries (i.e., Susquehanna, Potomac, and James). Among the nine tributaries, the ranking of constituent export generally follows the order of their watershed sizes, with other factors such as land use and reservoir playing important roles in some exceptions. In terms of partitioning, suspended sediment (SS) export was dominated by fine-grained sediment (SSfine) in all nine tributaries; overall, ~90% of the MNTCBW SS is SSfine. Total organic carbon (TOC) export was dominated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in all tributaries except Potomac River; overall, ~60% of the MNTCBW TOC is DOC. A comparison with literature shows that the MNTCBW SS and TOC yields were ~80% and ~60% of the respective medians of worldwide watersheds. In terms of temporal pattern, flow-normalized yields from the MNTCBW show overall increases in SS (both long-term [1984-2016] and short-term [2004-2016]), SSfine (long-term and short-term), TOC (long-term), and chlorophyll-a (short-term). The rises in SS, SSfine, and TOC were largely driven by Susquehanna River where Conowingo Reservoir's trapping efficiency has greatly diminished in the last twenty years. Overall, these new results on the status and trends of sediment, organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a provide the foundation for building potential linkages between riverine inputs and estuarine water clarity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program, 410 Severn Avenue, Suite 112, Annapolis, MD 21403, USA.
| | - Joel D Blomquist
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland, Delaware, District of Columbia Water Science Center, 5522 Research Park Drive, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
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Elmes MC, Wiklund JA, Van Opstal SR, Wolfe BB, Hall RI. Characterizing baseline concentrations, proportions, and processes controlling deposition of river-transported bitumen-associated polycyclic aromatic compounds at a floodplain lake (Slave River Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada). Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:282. [PMID: 27071660 PMCID: PMC4829623 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate knowledge of baseline conditions challenges ability for monitoring programs to detect pollution in rivers, especially where there are natural sources of contaminants. Here, we use paleolimnological data from a flood-prone lake ("SD2", informal name) in the Slave River Delta (SRD, Canada), ∼ 500 km downstream of the Alberta oil sands development and the bitumen-rich McMurray Formation to identify baseline concentrations and proportions of "river-transported bitumen-associated indicator polycyclic aromatic compounds" (indicator PACs; Hall et al. 2012) and processes responsible for their deposition. Results show that indicator PACs are deposited in SD2 by Slave River floodwaters in concentrations that are 45 % lower than those in sediments of "PAD31compounds", a lake upstream in the Athabasca Delta that receives Athabasca River floodwaters. Lower concentrations at SD2 are likely a consequence of sediment retention upstream as well as dilution by sediment influx from the Peace River. In addition, relations with organic matter content reveal that flood events dilute concentrations of indicator PACs in SD2 because the lake receives high-energy floods and the lake sediments are predominantly inorganic. This contrasts with PAD31 where floodwaters increase indicator PAC concentrations in the lake sediments, and concentrations are diluted during low flood influence intervals due to increased deposition of lacustrine organic matter. Results also show no significant differences in concentrations and proportions of indicator PACs between pre- (1967) and post- (1980s and 1990 s) oil sands development high flood influence intervals (t = 1.188, P = 0.279, d.f. = 6.136), signifying that they are delivered to the SRD by natural processes. Although we cannot assess potential changes in indicator PACs during the past decade, baseline concentrations and proportions can be used to enhance ongoing monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Elmes
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Johan A Wiklund
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stacey R Van Opstal
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Brent B Wolfe
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Roland I Hall
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Ruff M, Mueller MS, Loos M, Singer HP. Quantitative target and systematic non-target analysis of polar organic micro-pollutants along the river Rhine using high-resolution mass-spectrometry--Identification of unknown sources and compounds. Water Res 2015; 87:145-54. [PMID: 26402878 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the contamination by polar organic pollutants was investigated along the Rhine River, an important source of drinking water for 22 million people in central Europe. Following the flow of the river, a traveling water mass was sampled using weekly flow-proportional composite samples at ten different downstream sites, including main tributaries. Using a broad analytical method based on solid phase extraction and high-resolution mass spectrometry, the water was analyzed for more than 300 target substances. While the water in Lake Constance contained only 83 substances in often low concentrations, the number of detects found in the water phase increased to 143 substances and a weekly load of more than 7 tons at the last sampling site, the Dutch-German border. Mostly present were chemicals originating from wastewater treatment plants, especially the artificial sweetener Acesulfam and two pharmaceuticals, Metformin and Gabapentin, which dominate the weekly load up to 58%. Although the sample campaign was performed in a dry period in early spring, a large variety of pesticides and biocides were detected. Several industrial point sources were identified along the waterway's 900 km journey, resulting in high concentrations in the tributaries and loads of up to 160 kg. Additionally, an unbiased non-target analysis was performed following two different strategies for the prioritization of hundreds of potentially relevant unknown masses. While for the first prioritization strategy, only chlorinated compounds were extracted from the mass spectrometer datasets, the second prioritization strategy was performed using a systematic reduction approach between the different sampling sites. Among others, two substances that never had been detected before in this river, namely, the muscle relaxant Tizanidine and the solvent 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), were identified and confirmed, and their loads were roughly estimated along the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ruff
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Miriam S Mueller
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Loos
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz P Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
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Boëchat IG, Krüger A, Chaves RC, Graeber D, Gücker B. Land-use impacts on fatty acid profiles of suspended particulate organic matter along a larger tropical river. Sci Total Environ 2014; 482-483:62-70. [PMID: 24636887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change, such as agricultural expansion and urbanization, can affect riverine biological diversity and ecosystem functioning. Identifying the major stressors associated with catchment land-use change is a prerequisite for devising successful river conservation and restoration strategies. Here, we analyzed land-use effects on the fatty acid (FA) composition and concentrations in suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) along a fourth-order tropical river, the Rio das Mortes. Thereby, we aimed at testing the potential of fatty acids in riverine suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM-FAs) as indicators of land-use change in tropical catchments, and at identifying major human impacts on the biochemical composition of SPOM, which represents an important basal energy and organic matter resource for aquatic consumers. River water SPOM and total FA concentrations ranged between 2.8 and 10.2mg dry weight(DW)L(-1) and between 130.6 and 268.2μg DW L(-1), respectively, in our study. Urbanization was the only land-use category correlating with both FA composition and concentrations, despite its low contribution to whole catchment (1.5-5.6%) and riparian buffer land cover (1.7-6.6%). Higher concentrations of saturated FAs, especially C16:0 and C18:0, which are the main components of domestic sewage, were observed at sampling stations downstream of urban centers, and were highly correlated to urbanization, especially within the 60m riparian buffer zone. Compared to water chemical characteristics (inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance) and river habitat structural integrity, FA variables exhibited a higher variability along the investigated river and were more strongly correlated to urban land use, suggesting that SPOM-FA profiles may be an efficient indicator of urban land-use impacts on larger tropical rivers. High total FA concentrations in the SPOM of urbanized tropical rivers may represent high-energy biochemical subsidies to food webs, potentially leading to changes in functional ecosystem characteristics, such as bacterial and suspension-feeder production.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Boëchat
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160 São João del Rei, MG, Brazil.
| | - A Krüger
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries - IGB, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - R C Chaves
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160 São João del Rei, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program of Bioengineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160 São João del Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - D Graeber
- Department of Bioscience - Freshwater Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - B Gücker
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160 São João del Rei, MG, Brazil
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Tornés E, Pérez MC, Durán C, Sabater S. Reservoirs override seasonal variability of phytoplankton communities in a regulated Mediterranean river. Sci Total Environ 2014; 475:225-233. [PMID: 23706480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Water hydrology, temperature and transparency, as well as nutrient retention downstream of the reservoirs alter the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of phytoplankton communities in regulated rivers. The seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in the Ebro was analysed in contrasting water flow periods in sections upstream and downstream of three large reservoirs, as well as in an intermediate site. Phytoplankton communities changed in response to seasonal variations in the areas not influenced by the reservoirs, but the phytoplankton distribution downstream of the reservoirs was driven by their particular hydrodynamics. The change in environmental conditions promoted by reservoirs influenced the pattern of replacement between diatoms and green algae of the upstream section. Differences in the phytoplankton community structure, abundance and environmental variables between upstream and downstream sites were maximal during low flow periods. Chlorophytes and dinoflagellates were present during low flow periods upstream of the reservoirs and in the intermediate site. Cocconeis cf. placentula characterized the downstream section, associated to the presence of macrophytes in that section. The present study sheds light on the consequences of river regulation under potential scenarios of climate change, and results could be used to anticipate ecological problems in large regulated rivers under these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tornés
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, E-17003, Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Spain.
| | - M C Pérez
- Phytoplankton Consultant, Calle Cebrian Mezquita 3-9, E-46007 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Durán
- Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro, Paseo de Sagasta 24-26, E-50071 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, E-17003, Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Spain
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Galván L, Olías M, Cerón JC, Cánovas CR, Pérez-López R, Nieto JM. Assessment of the dissolved pollutant flux of the Odiel River (SW Spain) during a wet period. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:572-580. [PMID: 23835067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The abandoned mining districts of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB, SW Spain) are an extreme source of pollution by acid mine drainage (AMD) to the Tinto and Odiel rivers. The pollutant flux transported by the Odiel River during a high stage period was assessed using concentration-discharge relationships and concentration-conductivity relationships, for the hydrological year 2009/10 (which was especially wet). Both correlations were high (R(2)>0.80) for most of the elements studied. The two methods for flux calculation gave similar results with differences generally lower than 10%. The dissolved contaminant flux transported by the Odiel River just before its mouth mainly includes sulphate (257,534±13,464 t/yr), Al (13,259±1071 t/yr), Zn (4265±242 t/yr), Mn (2532±146 t/yr) and Cu (1738±136 t/yr), and minor amounts of other elements. These findings confirm that, up to our knowledge, the Odiel River can be considered to be the largest contributor of mining-related pollutants to the world's oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galván
- Department of Geodynamics and Palaeontology, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
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