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Lin J, Liu Z, Fu G, Zhang H, Chen C, Qi H, Jiang K, Zhang C, Ma C, Yang K, Wang C, Tan B, Zhu Q, Ding Y, Li C, Zheng Q, Cai D, Lu WW. Distribution of bone voids in the thoracolumbar spine in Chinese adults with and without osteoporosis: A cross- sectional multi-center study based on 464 vertebrae. Bone 2023; 172:116749. [PMID: 36972755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone void is a novel intuitive morphological indicator to assess bone quality but its use in vertebrae has not been described. This cross-sectional and multi-center study aimed to investigate the distribution of bone voids in the thoracolumbar spine in Chinese adults based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT). A bone void was defined as a trabecular net region with extremely low bone mineral density (BMD) (<40 mg/cm3), detected by an algorithm based on phantom-less technology. A total of 464 vertebrae from 152 patients (51.8 ± 13.4 years old) were included. The vertebral trabecular bone was divided into eight sections based on the middle sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes. Bone void of the whole vertebra and each section were compared between healthy, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups and between spine levels. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and optimum cutoff points of void volume between the groups were obtained. The total void volumes of the whole vertebra were 124.3 ± 221.5 mm3, 1256.7 ± 928.7 mm3, and 5624.6 ± 3217.7 mm3 in healthy, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups, respectively. The detection rate of vertebrae with bone voids was higher and the normalized void volume was larger in the lumbar than in thoracic vertebrae. L3 presented the largest void (2165.0 ± 3396.0 mm3), while T12 had the smallest void (448.9 ± 699.4 mm3). The bone void was mainly located in the superior-posterior-right section (40.8 %). Additionally, bone void correlated positively with age and increased rapidly after 55 years. The most significant void volume increase was found in the inferior-anterior-right section whereas the least increase was found in the inferior-posterior-left section with aging. The cutoff points were 345.1 mm3 between healthy and osteopenia groups (sensitivity = 0.923, specificity = 0.932) and 1693.4 mm3 between osteopenia and osteoporosis groups (sensitivity = 1.000, specificity = 0.897). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the bone void distribution in vertebrae using clinical QCT data. The findings provide a new perspective for the description of bone quality and showed that bone void could guide clinical practice such as osteoporosis screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Zhuojie Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Guangtao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, RP, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, RP, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, RP, China
| | - Huan Qi
- Bone's Technology Limited, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Chi Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, PR China.
| | - Kedi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, PR China
| | - Chenmin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Baoyu Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Qingan Zhu
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Chunhai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, RP, China.
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, RP, China.
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Francis RJ, Ferguson D, Kempster S, Hall J, Berry N, MacLellan-Gibson K. Blood identified and quantified in formalin fixed paraffin embedded lung sections using eosin fluorescence. Histochem Cell Biol 2022. [PMID: 36006466 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eosin Y is a common stain in histology. Although usually used for colourimetric imaging where the dye is used to stain pink/red a range of structures in the tissue, Eosin Y is also a fluorochrome, and has been used in this manner for decades. In this study our aim was to investigate the fluorescence properties of the dye to enable quantification of structures within formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. To do this, FFPE sections of hamster tissue were prepared with haematoxylin and eosin Y dyes. Spectral detection on a confocal laser scanning microscope was used to obtain the fluorescence emission spectra of the eosin Y under blue light. This showed clear spectral differences between the red blood cells and congealed blood, compared to the rest of the section. The spectra were so distinct that it was possible to discern these in fluorescence and multi-photon microscopy. An image analysis algorithm was used to quantify the red blood cells. These analyses could have broad applications in histopathology where differentiation is required, such as the analysis of clotting disorders to haemorrhage or damage from infectious disease.
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Liu KL, Wang XM, Li ZL, Liu Y, He RQ. In Situ Hybridization and Immunostaining of Xenopus Brain. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2047:363-75. [PMID: 31552665 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9732-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The dynamic expression pattern analysis provides the primary information of gene function. Differences of the RNA and/or protein location will provide valuable information for gene expression regulation. Generally, in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are two main techniques to visualize the locations of gene transcripts and protein products in situ, respectively. Here we describe the protocol for the whole brain dissection, the in situ hybridization, and the immunostaining of the developing Xenopus brain sections. Additionally, we point out the modification of in situ hybridization for microRNA expression detection.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION To the best of our knowledge, no pediatric paper has been published regarding specifically how to set the Holmium:YAG laser for multiple urologic applications. OBJECTIVE To provide insight into the laser parameters for pediatric applications. STUDY DESIGN We describe the principle and the settings of the laser. RESULTS The Holmium:YAG laser can produce four different biological effects: (1) fragmentation of stones in small fragments that can be retrieved with grasping instruments, thereby increasing the immediate stone-free outcome. For fragmentation lithotripsy, the laser has to be set with a high energy, low frequency and short pulse duration; (2) dusting which produces fine dust that can spontaneously evacuate, avoiding the use of basket retrieval. The dusting setting requires low energy, high frequency and long pulse duration; (3) incision of posterior urethral valves or ureterocele when all settings are maximized: high energy, high frequency and long pulse duration; (4) coagulation of urothelial tumors using high frequency, long pulse duration and slightly lower energy than required for incision. DISCUSSION Both dusting by painting and fragmentation with retrieval for ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy are effective. Although dusting tends to be associated with shorter operative times and a lower risk of ureteral trauma, this approach has a potential risk of recurrent stone formation from dust failing to pass. In contrast, fragmentation with extraction may provide for a more immediate postoperative stone-free result. Altering the pulse energy, frequency, width and modulation can help to optimize lithotripsy efficiency. Lower pulse energy settings result in smaller fragments, less retropulsion and reduce fiber tip degradation. A shallow depth of penetration in water and tissue allows precise energy application and provides a margin of safety. CONCLUSION An understanding of Ho-YAG laser settings will permit the pediatric surgeon to make a better use of the device for different urological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Faure
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, CHU Hopital La Timone Enfant, Paediatric Surgery Department, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - Romain Boissier
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, CHU Hopital La Conception, Urology Department, 13005, Marseille, France
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Koshiba-Takeuchi K. Whole-Mount and Section In Situ Hybridization in Mouse Embryos for Detecting mRNA Expression and Localization. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1752:123-31. [PMID: 29564768 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7714-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In situ hybridization is defined as one of the most useful and powerful methods to know where genes (e.g., mRNA, ncRNA) of interest are expressed in tissues. Expression of mRNA can be detected as blue or dark purple signals though hybridization, immunoreaction and coloring steps. Genome-wide approaches in various model animals have been conducted thoroughly, and have led to new research areas aimed at uncovering novel gene functions in cell differentiation and development. To elucidate gene function, spatiotemporal gene expression analysis is very important. Here I describe protocols of whole-mount and section in situ hybridization, and emphasize the relevance of optimizing temperature, and sodium concentration, in hybridization buffer and substrate to improve signal.
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Seed T, Fox JRE, Berry K. The experience of involuntary detention in acute psychiatric care. A review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 61:82-94. [PMID: 27314181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build on a previous review and updated understanding of how patients experience involuntary detention for their mental health difficulties. DESIGN We provide a narrative synthesis review of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES Using pre-defined search terms, the following databases were searched covering the period 2006 to March 2014: Psychinfo, Medline, Medline In-Process, Embase, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Science Direct, British Nursing Index and Cinahl Plus. Three journals were electronically hand-searched. REVIEW METHODS The search resulted in the retrieval of 6230 records which were screened by title. Relevant studies were then screened by abstract and further articles were read for full text. References of articles read for full text were screened using an inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of fifteen studies were identified and a quality evaluation tool was applied to each study. Themes and constructs from all fifteen studies were coded and synthesised. RESULTS Seven overarching themes emerged. 'Sanctuary', 'loss of normality and perceived independence', 'feeling terrified' and 'fluctuating emotions' illustrate the experiences of involuntary detention. The remaining themes reflect the factors that influence these experiences: 'a continuum of person-centred practice', 'disempowerment' and 'intra-psychic coping'. CONCLUSIONS Participants varied in how they experienced involuntary detention. Some people experienced a sense of sanctuary, whereas others experienced loss, fear and trauma. People's experiences were influenced by the degree of actual or perceived person-centred and empowering care, which also had an impact on their coping style. Development of a therapeutic bond with clinicians was a key factor which influenced positive experiences of involuntary detention. The implications of the findings are discussed with reference to existing literature and recommendations are made for clinical practice. Ideas for future research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Seed
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - John R E Fox
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Berry
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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Kafkas Ş, Pi X, Marinos N, Talo' F, Morrison A, McEntyre JR. Section level search functionality in Europe PMC. J Biomed Semantics 2015; 6:7. [PMID: 25774284 PMCID: PMC4359544 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-015-0003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the availability of open access full text research articles increases, so does the need for sophisticated search services that make the most of this new content. Here, we present a new feature available in Europe PMC that allows selected sections of full text articles to be searched, including figures and reference lists. Users can now search particular parts of an article, reducing noise and allowing fine-tuning of searches. Results To the best of our knowledge, Europe PMC is the first service that provides a granular literature search by allowing users to target their search to particular sections of articles. This new functionality is based on a heuristic algorithm that identifies and categorises article sections into 17 pre-defined categories based on the section heading. The tagger’s performance is measured against a manually curated dataset consisting of 100 full text articles with an F-score of 98.02%. Conclusions The section search is available from the advanced search within Europe PMC (http://europepmc.org). The source code is freely available from http://europepmc.org/ftp/oa/SectionTagger/. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13326-015-0003-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şenay Kafkas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Xingjun Pi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Nikos Marinos
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Talo'
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Morrison
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna R McEntyre
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
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Rubite RR, Hughes M, Alejandro GJD, Peng CI. Recircumscription of Begonia sect. Baryandra (Begoniaceae): evidence from molecular data. Bot Stud 2013; 54:38. [PMID: 28510877 PMCID: PMC5432953 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Begonia sect. Diploclinium is a 'dust-bin' section for species retaining pleisiomorphic characters and lacking novel synapomorphic characters used to delimit other Asian sections in Begonia. Part of this large and polymorphous section is transferred to Begonia sect. Baryandra in a move towards a more natural classification for the genus. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences show a strongly supported monophyletic group containing Philippine and Bornean species previously in Begonia sect. Diploclinium, and the type of Begonia sect. Baryandra, B. oxysperma. This clade forms the basis for the now much-expanded Begonia sect. Baryandra, which as defined here contains 49 species and has its centre of diversity in the Philippines. CONCLUSIONS A natural classification for a much expanded Begonia sect. Baryandra has been provided. This paper highlights the feasibility of moving towards a natural classification of Asian Begonia step by step as information comes to light through building upon previous framework phylogenies with denser sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Rivera Rubite
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Padre Faura, Manila, 1000 Philippines
| | - Mark Hughes
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR UK
| | - Grecebio JD Alejandro
- College of Science and Research Centre for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, 1015 Philippines
| | - Ching-I Peng
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
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Rich TCG. Hieracium maccoshiana, a new Scottish hawkweed related to H. dovrense ( Section Alpestria, Asteraceae). PhytoKeys 2011; 3:1-8. [PMID: 22171174 PMCID: PMC3174433 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.3.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new species of hawkweed Hieracium maccoshiana T.C.G.Rich sp. nov. is described. It is related to the Norwegian Hieracium dovrense Fr., but differs in the shape and toothing of the stem leaves and in having glabrous-tipped ligules. It is endemic to the county of Sutherland, Scotland where it has been recorded from four sites. A lectotype of Hieracium dovrense is designated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. G. Rich
- />Department of Biodiversity & Systematic Biology, National Museum Wales, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK
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