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Bekele Okuba T, Lystad RP, Boisvert I, McMaugh A, Moore RC, Walsan R, Mitchell RJ. Cochlear implantation impact on health service utilisation and social outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:929. [PMID: 37649056 PMCID: PMC10468908 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing loss can have a negative impact on individuals' health and engagement with social activities. Integrated approaches that tackle barriers and social outcomes could mitigate some of these effects for cochlear implants (CI) users. This review aims to synthesise the evidence of the impact of a CI on adults' health service utilisation and social outcomes. METHODS Five databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, ERIC, CINAHL and PsychINFO) were searched from 1st January 2000 to 16 January 2023 and May 2023. Articles that reported on health service utilisation or social outcomes post-CI in adults aged ≥ 18 years were included. Health service utilisation includes hospital admissions, emergency department (ED) presentations, general practitioner (GP) visits, CI revision surgery and pharmaceutical use. Social outcomes include education, autonomy, social participation, training, disability, social housing, social welfare benefits, occupation, employment, income level, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL), communication and cognition. Searched articles were screened in two stages ̶̶̶ by going through the title and abstract then full text. Information extracted from the included studies was narratively synthesised. RESULTS There were 44 studies included in this review, with 20 (45.5%) cohort studies, 18 (40.9%) cross-sectional and six (13.6%) qualitative studies. Nine studies (20.5%) reported on health service utilisation and 35 (79.5%) on social outcomes. Five out of nine studies showed benefits of CI in improving adults' health service utilisation including reduced use of prescription medication, reduced number of surgical and audiological visits. Most of the studies 27 (77.1%) revealed improvements for at least one social outcome, such as work or employment 18 (85.7%), social participation 14 (93.3%), autonomy 8 (88.9%), education (all nine studies), perceived hearing disability (five out of six studies) and income (all three studies) post-CI. None of the included studies had a low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS This review identified beneficial impacts of CI in improving adults' health service utilisation and social outcomes. Improvement in hearing enhanced social interactions and working lives. There is a need for large scale, well-designed epidemiological studies examining health and social outcomes post-CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolesa Bekele Okuba
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Reidar P Lystad
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isabelle Boisvert
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne McMaugh
- Macquarie School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ramya Walsan
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Mitchell
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abbass K, Basit A, Niazi AAK, Mufti R, Zahid N, Qazi TF. Evaluating the social outcomes of COVID-19 pandemic: empirical evidence from Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:61466-61478. [PMID: 35306646 PMCID: PMC8934127 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to assess and analyze the social outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses the discourse of comprehensive literature review to identify the outcomes, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) for developing a structural model and Matrices' Impacts Cruise's Multiplication Appliquée a UN Classement (MICMAC) for analysis, classification of societal outcomes, and corroboration of results of ISM. Data from fifteen experts was collected through a survey questionnaire. As a result of the literature review, a list of sixteen outcomes was generated and verified by a panel of experts. Results of ISM revealed that the outcomes, namely, "emotional instability," "mental health self-harm," loneliness reduced recreational activities, obesity, and "increased screen time" come at the top of the model; therefore, they are less vital outcomes, whereas the most significant outcome which is at the bottom of the model is "employment instability"; hence it has a major impact on the society. The remaining outcomes fall in the middle of the model, so they have a moderate-severe impact. Results of MICMAC validate the findings of ISM. Overall findings of the study reveal that "employment instability" is the crucial social outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is an original attempt based on real-time data, which is helpful for society at large, researchers, the international community, and policymakers because this study provides a lot of new information about the phenomenon. The study includes understanding society at large, policymakers, and researchers by illustrating the complex relations and simplifying the connections among a wide range of social outcomes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Abbass
- School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
- Riphah School of Business and Management, Riphah International University Lahore, Raiwind Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Lahore Institute of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi
- Institute of Business and Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ramish Mufti
- Lahore Institute of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Zahid
- Lahore Institute of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Fiaz Qazi
- Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Tzouvara V, Kupdere P, Wilson K, Matthews L, Simpson A, Foye U. Adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and social functioning: A scoping review of the literature. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 139:106092. [PMID: 36907117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact people's physical and mental health and social functioning. Research literature focuses on the impact of ACEs on physical and mental health, yet to our knowledge, no study has examined the literature on ACEs, mental health, and social functioning outcomes. OBJECTIVE To map how ACEs, mental health, and social functioning outcomes have been defined, assessed, and studied in the empirical literature and identify gaps in the current research which need further investigation. METHODS A scoping review methodology following a five-step framework was implemented. Four databases were searched CINAHL, Ovid (Medline, Embase) and PsycInfo. The analysis involved both numerical and a narrative synthesis in line with the framework. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies were included in the analysis, and three key issues were identified a) the limitations of research samples to date, b) the choice of outcome measures for ACEs, social and mental health outcomes, and c) the limitations of current study designs. CONCLUSION The review demonstrates variability in the documentation of participant characteristics and inconsistencies in the definitions and applications of ACEs, social and mental health and related measurements. There is also a lack of longitudinal and experimental study designs, studies on severe mental illness, and studies including minority groups, adolescents, and older adults with mental health problems. Existing research is highly variable methodologically and limits our broader understanding of the relationships between ACEs, mental health, and social functioning outcomes. Future research should implement robust methodologies to provide evidence that could be used for developing evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tzouvara
- Care for Long Term Conditions Research Division, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Pinar Kupdere
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Keiran Wilson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Leah Matthews
- Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Alan Simpson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Care for Long Term Conditions Research Division, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care & Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Una Foye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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King G, Smart E, Bowman L, Pinto M. Social participation interventions targeting relational outcomes for young people with physical and developmental disabilities: an umbrella review and narrative synthesis. Disabil Rehabil 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35695048 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2085332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To synthesize knowledge about social participation interventions targeting relational outcomes for young people with physical and developmental disabilities.Method: An umbrella review with a narrative synthesis was conducted to integrate findings of review articles examining social participation interventions targeting relational outcomes (e.g., peer interaction and friendships). Six databases were searched to identify reviews published between 2010 and 2021.Results: Five reviews were identified, examining participation interventions, social/community integration interventions, recreational sport programs, online peer mentorship programs, and augmentative and alternative communication interventions to promote social interaction with peers. Interventions associated with improvements in relational outcomes included group-based programs, programs involving personalized goals, arts-based programs, and multi-component social communication interventions. Recommendations for future research included better description of interventions to identify active ingredients and key mechanisms, measurement of participants' experiences, and the need for interventions to be aligned with the nature of the outcomes examined. Preliminary intervention principles are proposed to guide the design of social participation interventions: individualizing, contextualizing, and immersion in social settings.Conclusions: There are multiple pathways by which to influence the relational outcomes of young people with disabilities. There are implications for the design of social participation interventions based on an ecological/experiential and relational perspective.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONImprovements in relational outcomes are associated with participation in group-based programs, programs involving personalized goals, arts-based programs, and multi-component social communication interventions.Three evidence-informed principles can help guide the design of social participation interventions: (1) personalizing, (2) contextualizing, and (3) immersion in social settings.Greater attention to aligning the nature of intervention with desired outcomes is needed to more effectively measure and promote relational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian King
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Smart
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Bowman
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Madhu Pinto
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Zhou J, Li L, Wang Q, Fan YV, Liu X, Klemeš JJ, Wang X, Tong YW, Jiang P. Household waste management in Singapore and Shanghai: Experiences, challenges and opportunities from the perspective of emerging megacities. Waste Manag 2022; 144:221-232. [PMID: 35397419 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid economic development and urbanisation, emerging megacities with dense populations have witnessed a significant increase in waste generation. Megacities face challenges in developing sustainable waste management systems. Considerable heterogeneity exists across megacities in management strategies. The two selected emerging megacities, Singapore (a city-state) and Shanghai, have similar developmental characteristics, but their waste management modes differ strikingly. This study assessed the two modes in terms of management strategies, environmental effects, economic costs, and social outcomes. Environmental footprint analysis and cost quantification were employed for the assessment based on public data. The research results would permit a deeper understanding of the long-term sustainability of each mode while considering the feasibility of implementation across different contexts. It was found that the waste management system in Singapore had a relatively lower environmental impact than Shanghai before Shanghai's new waste segregation and recycling policy in 2019. However, when the effect of fossil fuel substitution is taken into account, the environmental burden in Shanghai can be lowered more substantially than the one in Singapore. Although Shanghai had more economic burden for the waste segregation at source, it tended to implement the circular economy principles (e.g., reduce, reuse, and recycling) better and improve its sense of community significantly. Based on the practical experiences from the two representative megacities, suggestions for better waste management practices were provided for Singapore, Shanghai, and other emerging megacities with similar circumstances. In addition, challenges and opportunities related to household waste segregation and recycling were identified to guide future practices in emerging megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhou
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Lanyu Li
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Qingyi Wang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yee Van Fan
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xiao Liu
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Systems Science, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore.
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Torda A, Shulruf B. It's what you do, not the way you do it - online versus face-to-face small group teaching in first year medical school. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:541. [PMID: 34702224 PMCID: PMC8546782 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major disruptions imposed on medical education by the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid shift to online teaching in medical programs, necessitated need for evaluation of this format. In this study we directly compared knowledge outcomes, social outcomes, and wellbeing of first year student small group teaching in either face to face (f2f) or online format. METHODS At the end of the first course of our medical program, students were invited to participate in an online questionnaire with 10 quantitative items and 1 qualitative item. These were analysed using Factor Analysis Pattern Matrix and linear regression to group items and assess relatedness. Qualitative responses were thematized using Qualtrics software (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA). Summative assessment results were compared, both between current cohorts to historical cohorts. RESULTS From a cohort of 298 students there was a 77% response rate. Overall, there were no differences in knowledge gains, either between groups or when compared to historical cohorts. Questionnaire items fell reliably into groups that related to either learning outcomes, social outcomes, or wellbeing. Independent T tests showed that format for teaching (online versus f2f) had an impact on social outcomes but no direct impact on learning outcomes. Linear regression revealed that the social outcomes have a direct impact on wellbeing and almost the double the impact on learning outcomes than mode of learning i.e.. F2f or online (β = .448 and β = .232 respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, we were able to show with statistical strength that social outcomes for students such as engaging with peers and facilitator, contributing to the group, and making friends have a direct impact on wellbeing and indirectly impact learning outcomes (such as motivation, satisfaction, integration of knowledge). In a rapidly changing educational landscape, in our opinion, it is vital that these aspects are a focus of design and delivery of medical education. The data from this study supports the notion that activity design and the expertise of the teacher in facilitating the small group activities, has greater impact than the mode of educational delivery itself on students' learning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Torda
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, Australia.
| | - Boaz Shulruf
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, Australia
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Milic B, Feller C, Schneider M, Debbané M, Loeffler-Stastka H. Social cognition in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and its link with psychopathology and social outcomes: a review. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:130. [PMID: 33676445 PMCID: PMC7936464 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic syndrome that results in a highly variable profile of affected individuals of which impairments in the social domain and increased psychopathology are the most prominent. Notably, 25-30% of affected individuals eventually develop schizophrenia/psychosis, predisposing persons with the syndrome to increased risk for this disorder. Because social cognition is considered to underlie social behavior and to be related to psychopathology, this systematic review investigated social cognition in individuals with 22q11DS and examined reported links across its domains with psychopathology and social outcomes. This can provide the basis for a closer understanding of the path from risk to disorder and will inform on the specific domains that can be targeted with preventive intervention strategies. METHOD Systematic literature review of studies that reported the links between social cognitive domains and psychopathology and/or social outcomes in individuals with 22q11DS. Electronic databases searched were PubMed and PsycINFO. RESULTS Defined eligibility criteria identified a total of ten studies to be included in the present review. Selected studies investigated links between two domains of social cognition (emotion processing and theory of mind (ToM)) and psychopathology and/or social outcomes. With respect to the links to psychopathology, two aspects of social cognition were related primarily to negative symptoms. Results regarding the associations to positive and emotional symptoms (anxiety/depression) are limited and require further investigation. Even though both aspects of social cognition were associated with social outcomes, several studies also found no links between these two domains. Both reports invite for an additional examination of reported results and specific considerations regarding chosen constructs. CONCLUSION Although equivocal, results of the present review provide sufficient evidence that social cognition is a useful domain for the closer elucidation of clinical outcomes and social difficulties in this population. At the same time, longitudinal studies and consideration of other variables are also necessary for a timely understanding of affected persons in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Milic
- Clinic for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Clémence Feller
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Deighton S, Durish CL, Taylor HG, Rubin K, Dennis M, Bigler ED, Vannatta K, Gerhardt CA, Stancin T, Yeates KO. Theory of Mind and Parental Nurturance as Predictors of Peer Relationships After Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: A Test of Moderated Mediation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:931-40. [PMID: 31317863 DOI: 10.1017/S135561771900064X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained in childhood is associated with poor social outcomes. This study investigated the role of theory of mind (ToM) as a mediator of the relation between TBI and peer rejection/victimization and reciprocated friendships, as well as the moderating effect of parental nurturance on those relationships. METHOD Participants were children of 8-13 years old (M = 10.45, SD = 1.47), including 13 with severe TBI, 39 with complicated mild/moderate TBI, and 32 children with orthopedic injuries. Data on peer rejection/victimization and friendship were collected in school classrooms using the Extended Class Play and friendship nominations. Parents rated parental nurturance using the Child-Rearing Practices Report. Finally, ToM was measured based on children's average performance across three tasks measuring different aspects of ToM. RESULTS Severe TBI was associated with poorer ToM, greater peer rejection/victimization, and fewer reciprocated friendships. ToM mediated the relation between severe TBI and peer rejection/victimization (i.e., severe TBI predicted poorer ToM, which in turn predicted greater rejection/victimization). Parental nurturance significantly moderated this relation, such that the mediating effect of ToM was significant only at low and average levels of parental nurturance, for both severe and complicated mild/moderate TBI groups. Neither the mediating effect of ToM nor the moderating effect of parental nurturance was significant for reciprocated friendships. CONCLUSION High parental nurturance may mitigate the negative effects of ToM deficits on risk of peer rejection/victimization among children with TBI. Interventions designed to increase parental nurturance or ToM may promote better social outcomes among children with TBI.
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De Waal-Andrews W, Van Beest I. Reactions to claimed and granted overinclusion: Extending research on the effects of claimball versus cyberball. J Soc Psychol 2019; 160:105-116. [PMID: 31035863 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1610348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Social outcomes can result both from people's own behavior (claim process) and from the behavior of others (grant process). Prior research compared the effect of these two processes on people's experience of inclusion and outperformance, using two virtual ball-toss games: claimball and cyberball. We extend this work by using the same games to assess reactions to a third social outcome, overinclusion. Participants obtained the majority of the ball-tosses (overinclusion) or almost no ball-tosses (ostracism) in claimball or cyberball. Results showed that (1) overinclusion was more satisfying than ostracism, (2) especially when granted by others and less so when claimed for oneself. These results advance knowledge about people's experience of social outcomes, depending on the processes leading to them.
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Sanjeeva GN, Sahana M, Pavithra HB, Swamy VHT, Srirama BR, Sunil Kumar DR, Hande L, Mothi SN. Transition of Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV-Infection into Adulthood: Social Outcome and Quality of Life. Indian J Pediatr 2019; 86:233-40. [PMID: 30547425 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In India, access to free anti-retroviral therapy has improved the survival of perinatally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children resulting in the transition of many such children to adulthood. This study aims to understand the social-outcomes and quality of life (QOL) among these adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary HIV care centers in south India. Perinatally HIV-infected adults aged >18 y were enrolled after obtaining consent. Data were collected by questionnaire based interviews for social outcomes and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) for QOL. The social-outcome indicators monitored pertained to family support, educational qualification and occupational, economic, and marital status. RESULTS The mean age of 107 participants was 18·9 ± 1·1y. The school drop-out rate was 58%. Sixty-two percent were double orphans. Forty-three-percent of the participants were employed with mean per-capita monthly income of Rs.4105 ± 2979 ($65·2 ± 47·3). Fourteen-percent of the participants were married, or in a relationship, and a majority of them, 93%, were females. For QOL, the mean raw score was highest for social relationship (15·79). Relative to studying subjects, a higher proportion of school dropouts scored poorly in social relationship (42% vs.14·8%; Chi-square = 5·28; p = 0·02) and environmental QOL (46% vs.19·6%;Chi-square = 8·09; p = 0·004). The proportion of subjects with a poor physical health QOL was higher among those with a per-capita monthly income above the national average than those with below the national average (69% vs.33·3%; Chi-square = 5·27; p = 0·02). CONCLUSIONS Though clinico-immunological disease was stable in these perinatally HIV-infected young adults, their social-outcomes pertaining to education, occupation, income, and family support were poor. Factors like education, parental care, and income of the subjects were associated with poor QOL.
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Effinger KE, Stratton KL, Fisher PG, Ness KK, Krull KR, Oeffinger KC, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Leisenring WM, Nathan PC. Long-term health and social function in adult survivors of paediatric astrocytoma: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Eur J Cancer 2018; 106:171-180. [PMID: 30528801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although paediatric astrocytoma has an excellent 5-year survival rate, survivors remain at risk for morbidity and late mortality. This study aimed to estimate the risk of late mortality, chronic conditions, poor health status and social impairment in ageing paediatric astrocytoma survivors. METHODS We longitudinally evaluated 1182 5-year astrocytoma survivors diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 and 4023 siblings enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Kaplan-Meier estimates of late mortality and cumulative incidence of serious chronic conditions were estimated. Cox regression models provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for development of chronic conditions, and generalised linear models provided relative risks (RRs) of the poor health status and social outcomes. RESULTS At 30 years from diagnosis, cumulative late mortality was 22.1% (CI 20.0-24.3%), primarily due to disease progression or recurrence. Compared with siblings, survivors were at increased risk of serious chronic conditions (HR 4.6, CI 3.8-5.5). Survivors reported higher rates of poor general health (RR 3.3, CI 2.8-3.8), poor mental health (RR 1.9, CI 1.7-2.1), functional impairment (RR 9.0, CI 7.7-10.5) and activity limitation (RR 3.6, CI 3.1-4.2) and lower rates of college graduation (RR 0.75, CI 0.69-0.82), marriage (RR 0.62, CI 0.58-0.66), employment (RR 0.75, CI 0.72-0.79) and household income ≥$40,000 (RR 0.68, CI 0.64-0.73). Even survivors without radiation exposure had elevated risk of chronic conditions, poor health status and social impairment compared with siblings. CONCLUSIONS Survivors of paediatric astrocytoma are at high risk for long-term complications of their disease and its treatment. They require lifelong monitoring for late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Effinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Rm 426I, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Rm 426I, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Kayla L Stratton
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Paul Graham Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Suite 317, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Neurology, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Suite 317, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Human Biology, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Suite 317, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Kevin C Oeffinger
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 2424 Erwin Dr., Suite 601, Durham, NC 27705, United States
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, PO Box 19024, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Haematology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Goodall J, Salem S, Walker RW, Gray WK, Burton K, Hunter E, Rogathi J, Shali E, Mohin A, Mushi D, Owens S. Stigma and functional disability in relation to marriage and employment in young people with epilepsy in rural Tanzania. Seizure 2017; 54:27-32. [PMID: 29195225 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of childhood epilepsy on social transitioning outcomes for young people with epilepsy (YPWE) living in Tanzania, and to explore influences on these outcomes. METHODS At six years from baseline, we followed up 84 YPWE and 79 age- sex- and village- matched controls recruited into a case-control study of childhood epilepsy in rural northern Tanzania. Data were collected from interviews with young people and their carers using a structured questionnaire. Perceived stigma was evaluated using the Kilifi Stigma Score and functional disability using the Barthel Index (BI). The effects of age, gender, functional disability and stigma on selected markers of social transitioning (education, employment and relationships) were estimated using multivariable modelling. RESULTS Fewer YPWE than controls were in an intimate relationship (42.3% vs. 76.9%) or in education or paid employment (33.3% vs. 91.1%) and they reported elevated perceived stigma scores (27.4% vs. 3.8%). Among YPWE, a positive education or employment outcome was predicted by a lower seizure frequency (adjusted OR 3.79) and a higher BI score (adj. OR 12.12); a positive relationship outcome was predicted by a higher BI score (adj. OR 45.86) and being male (adj. OR 8.55). CONCLUSION YPWE were more likely to experience adverse employment, educational and relationship outcomes in the transition to adult life than controls, with the greatest disadvantage experienced by females, those with greater functional disability and those with poorer seizure control. Markers of social transitioning should be included in any prospective evaluation of interventions designed to support these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Goodall
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Sabrine Salem
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard W Walker
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK; Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - William K Gray
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | | | - Ewan Hunter
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jane Rogathi
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Esther Shali
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Ali Mohin
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Declare Mushi
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Stephen Owens
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Connell C, Furtado V, McKay EA, Singh SP. How effective are interventions to improve social outcomes among offenders with personality disorder: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:368. [PMID: 29149881 PMCID: PMC5693593 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offenders with personality disorder are supported by health, criminal justice, social care and third sector services. These services are tasked with reducing risk, improving health and improving social outcomes. Research has been conducted into interventions that reduce risk or improve health. However, interventions to improve social outcomes are less clearly defined. METHODS To review the effectiveness of interventions to improve social outcomes we conducted a systematic review using Cochrane methodology, expanded to include non-randomised trials. Anticipated high heterogeneity of the studies informed narrative synthesis. RESULTS Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Five contained extractable data. No high-quality studies were identified. Outcomes measured clustered around employment and social functioning. Interventions vary and their mechanisms for influencing social outcomes are poorly operationalised. Although change was observed in employment rates, there was no evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of evidence for effective interventions that improve social outcomes. Further research is recommended to reach consensus on the outcomes of importance, identify the factors that influence these and design theoretically-informed and evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Connell
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK. .,University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Vivek Furtado
- grid.450453.3Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK ,0000 0000 8809 1613grid.7372.1University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Swaran P. Singh
- 0000 0000 8809 1613grid.7372.1University of Warwick, Coventry, UK ,grid.15628.38Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Kerr C, Bottomley C, Shingler S, Giangregorio L, de Freitas HM, Patel C, Randall S, Gold DT. The importance of physical function to people with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1597-1607. [PMID: 28265717 PMCID: PMC5391375 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing need to understand patient outcomes in osteoporosis. This article discusses that fracture in osteoporosis can lead to a cycle of impairment, driven by complex psychosocial factors, having a profound impact on physical function/activity which accumulates over time. More information is required on how treatments impact physical function. INTRODUCTION There is increasing need to understand patient-centred outcomes in osteoporosis (OP) clinical research and management. This multi-method paper provides insight on the effect of OP on patients' physical function and everyday activity. METHODS Data were collected from three sources: (1) targeted literature review on OP and physical function, conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO; (2) secondary thematic analysis of transcripts from patient interviews, conducted to develop a patient-reported outcome instrument. Transcripts were re-coded to focus on OP impact on daily activities and physical function for those with and without fracture history; and (3) discussions of the literature review and secondary qualitative analysis results with three clinical experts to review and interpret the importance and implications of the findings. RESULTS Results suggest that OP, particularly with fracture, can have profound impacts on physical function/activity. These impacts accumulate over time through a cycle of impairment, as fracture leads to longer term detriments in physical function, including loss of muscle, activity avoidance and reduced physical capacity, which in turn leads to greater risk of fracture and potential for further physical restrictions. The cycle of impairment is complex, as other physical, psychosocial and treatment-related factors, such as comorbidities, fears and beliefs about physical activity and fracture risk influence physical function and everyday activity. CONCLUSION More information on how treatments impact physical function would benefit healthcare professionals and persons with OP in making treatment decisions and improving treatment compliance/persistence, as these impacts may be more salient to patients than fracture incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kerr
- ICON Patient Reported Outcomes, W. Diamond Avenue, Suite 1000, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - C Bottomley
- ICON Patient Reported Outcomes, W. Diamond Avenue, Suite 1000, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - S Shingler
- ICON Patient Reported Outcomes, W. Diamond Avenue, Suite 1000, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - L Giangregorio
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Geriatric Education and Research in Aging Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - H M de Freitas
- ICON Patient Reported Outcomes, W. Diamond Avenue, Suite 1000, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
- Mapi, Translation and Innovation Hub Building, 80 Wood Lane, White City, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - C Patel
- ICON Patient Reported Outcomes, W. Diamond Avenue, Suite 1000, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - S Randall
- National Osteoporosis Foundation, 251 18th Street South, Suite 630, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - D T Gold
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Baca CB, Barry F, Vickrey BG, Caplan R, Berg AT. Social outcomes of young adults with childhood-onset epilepsy: A case-sibling-control study. Epilepsia 2017; 58:781-791. [PMID: 28378439 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare long-term social outcomes in young adults with childhood-onset epilepsy (cases) with neurologically normal sibling controls. METHODS Long-term social outcomes were assessed at the 15-year follow-up of the Connecticut Study of Epilepsy, a community-based prospective cohort study of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Young adults with childhood-onset epilepsy with complicated (abnormal neurologic exam findings, abnormal brain imaging with lesion referable to epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID; IQ < 60) or informative history of neurologic insults to which the occurrence of epilepsy might be attributed), and uncomplicated epilepsy presentations were compared to healthy sibling controls. Age, gender, and matched-pair adjusted generalized linear models stratified by complicated epilepsy and 5-year seizure-free status estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals [CIs] for each outcome. RESULTS The 15-year follow-up included 361 individuals with epilepsy (59% of initial cases; N = 291 uncomplicated and N = 70 complicated epilepsy; mean age 22 years [standard deviation, SD 3.5]; mean epilepsy onset 6.2 years [SD 3.9]) and 173 controls. Social outcomes for cases with uncomplicated epilepsy with ≥5 years terminal remission were comparable to controls; cases with uncomplicated epilepsy <5 years seizure-free were more likely to be less productive (school/employment < 20 h/week) (aOR 3.63, 95% CI 1.83-7.20) and not to have a driver's license (aOR 6.25, 95% CI 2.85-13.72). Complicated cases with epilepsy <5 years seizure-free had worse outcomes across multiple domains; including not graduating high school (aOR 24.97, 95% CI 7.49-83.30), being un- or underemployed (<20 h/week) (aOR 11.06, 95% CI 4.44-27.57), being less productively engaged (aOR 15.71, 95% CI 6.88-35.88), and not living independently (aOR 10.24, 95% CI 3.98-26.36). Complicated cases without ID (N = 36) had worse outcomes with respect to productive engagement (aOR 6.02; 95% CI 2.48-14.58) compared to controls. Cases with complicated epilepsy were less likely to be driving compared to controls, irrespective of remission status or ID. SIGNIFICANCE In individuals with uncomplicated childhood-onset epilepsy presentations and 5-year terminal remission, young adult social outcomes are comparable to those of sibling controls. Complicated epilepsy, notable for intellectual disability, and seizure remission status are important prognostic indicators for long-term young adult social outcomes in childhood-onset epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Baca
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A.,Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Frances Barry
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Barbara G Vickrey
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Rochelle Caplan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Anne T Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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Lee TK, Wickrama KAS, O'Neal CW, Lorenz FO. Social stratification of general psychopathology trajectories and young adult social outcomes: A second-order growth mixture analysis over the early life course. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:375-383. [PMID: 27810721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has documented heterogeneous developmental trajectories of specific symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, in late childhood and adolescence. Few studies, however, have examined the heterogeneity of general psychopathology (GPP) trajectories considering symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hostility in adolescence simultaneously. Identifying antecedents for distinct trajectory groups of GPP, and their respective consequences, may provide insight into the etiological underpinnings of social antecedents of different symptoms and inform the targets and timing of intervention. METHODS European American target adolescents (N=444, 53% female) evaluated three domain specific symptoms (i.e., symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hostility) as well as psychosocial risks and social consequences over 10 years (from 1990 [Wave 2] to 2001 [Wave 13]). First- and second-order growth mixture models (SOGMMs) were used to identify trajectories of GPP and specific symptoms from mid-adolescence through young adulthood, as well as their predictors and consequences. RESULTS A three-class model consisting of high and escalating (10.1%), high and decreasing (23.2%), and consistently low (66.7%) GPP emerged as the preferred solution. More predictors and outcomes were associated with membership in both the high and escalating and the high and declining classes of GPP compared to corresponding classes of the specific symptoms trajectories. LIMITATIONS Self-reported information regarding three symptoms may be a source of bias within the current study. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that unified interventions and/or prevention efforts are needed to not only assess specific symptoms, but also to treat GPP in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyoung Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, USA.
| | - Kandauda A S Wickrama
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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Tjaden LA, Grootenhuis MA, Noordzij M, Groothoff JW. Health-related quality of life in patients with pediatric onset of end-stage renal disease: state of the art and recommendations for clinical practice. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:1579-91. [PMID: 26310616 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is increasingly recognized as a key outcome in both clinical and research settings in the pediatric population with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This review aims to: (1) summarize the current knowledge on HRQoL and socioprofessional outcomes and (2) provide strategies for incorporation of HRQoL assessment into clinical practice. Studies report that pediatric patients with ESRD have significantly lower HRQoL scores compared with children with other chronic diseases. Patients treated by dialysis are at particularly high risk for impaired HRQoL. Furthermore, patients more often have impaired neurocognitive functioning and lower academic achievement. Important determinants of impaired HRQoL include medical factors (i.e., receiving dialysis, disabling comorbidities, cosmetic side effects, stunted growth), sociodemographic factors (i.e., female gender, non-Western background) and psychosocial factors (i.e., noneffective coping strategies). Contrary to the situation in childhood, adult survivors of pediatric ESRD report a normal mental HRQoL. Despite this subjective feeling of well-being, these patients have on average experienced significantly more difficulties in completing their education, developing intimate relationships, and securing employment. Several medical and psychosocial strategies may potentially improve HRQoL in children with ESRD. Regular assessment of HRQoL and neurocognitive functioning in order to identify areas in which therapies and interventions may be required should be part of standard clinical care.
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Sigurdson JF, Wallander J, Sund AM. Is involvement in school bullying associated with general health and psychosocial adjustment outcomes in adulthood? Child Abuse Negl 2014; 38:1607-1617. [PMID: 24972719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to examine prospectively associations between bullying involvement at 14-15 years of age and self-reported general health and psychosocial adjustment in young adulthood, at 26-27 years of age. A large representative sample (N=2,464) was recruited and assessed in two counties in Mid-Norway in 1998 (T1) and 1999/2000 (T2) when the respondents had a mean age of 13.7 and 14.9, respectively, leading to classification as being bullied, bully-victim, being aggressive toward others or non-involved. Information about general health and psychosocial adjustment was gathered at a follow-up in 2012 (T4) (N=1,266) with a respondent mean age of 27.2. Logistic regression and ANOVA analyses showed that groups involved in bullying of any type in adolescence had increased risk for lower education as young adults compared to those non-involved. The group aggressive toward others also had a higher risk of being unemployed and receiving any kind of social help. Compared with the non-involved, those being bullied and bully-victims had increased risk of poor general health and high levels of pain. Bully-victims and those aggressive toward others during adolescence subsequently had increased risk of tobacco use and lower job functioning than non-involved. Further, those being bullied and aggressive toward others had increased risk of illegal drug use. Relations to live-in spouse/partner were poorer among those being bullied. Involvement in bullying, either as victim or perpetrator, has significant social costs even 12 years after the bullying experience. Accordingly, it will be important to provide early intervention for those involved in bullying in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Sigurdson
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Wallander
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Trondheim, Norway; University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - A M Sund
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
Objective/background In patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), SCI causes psychosocial complications that vary based on culture, conditions, and the amenities of each community. Health planners and social services should have full knowledge of these issues in order to plan schedules that address them. In this study, we aimed to understand the psychosocial problems of persons with SCI in Iran and to explore the requirements for minimizing these difficulties. Design This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research (BASIR) Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Participants One hundred nineteen persons with SCI referred to BASIR clinic to receive outpatient rehabilitation. Methods In this study, trained interviewers administered a questionnaire to the participants. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic variables and psychosocial questions about finances, employment, housing, education, and social communication problems. Results Psychosocial problems for persons with SCI are mainly associated with financial hardship due to unemployment and the high cost of living, followed by difficulties with transportation, house modification, education, marriage, social communication, sports, and entertainment. Psychological problems include sadness, depression, irritability/anger, suicidal thoughts, and a lack of self-confidence. The levels of the aforementioned problems differ with respect to sex. Conclusion Persons suffering from SCI can face some serious psychosocial problems that may vary according to sex. For example, transportation difficulties can lead to problems such as unsociability. After recognizing these problems, the next step would be providing services to facilitate a productive lifestyle, enhancing social communication and psychological health, and ultimately creating a higher quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khazaeipour
- Correspondence to: Zahra Khazaeipour, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran. ,
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