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Schmidt B, Böhmer J, Schnuerch M, Koch T, Michelmann S. Post-hypnotic suggestion improves confidence and speed of memory access with long-lasting effects. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 245:104240. [PMID: 38569321 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In our study, we use the post-hypnotic suggestion of easy remembering to improve memory with long-lasting effects. We tested 24 highly suggestible participants in an online study. Participants learned word lists and recalled them later in a recognition memory task. At the beginning of the study, participants were hypnotized and the post-hypnotic suggestion to remember easily was associated with a cue that participants used during the recognition memory task. In a control condition, the same participants used a neutral cue. One week later, participants repeated both conditions with new word lists. Participants were significantly faster and more confident in their recognition ratings in the easy-remembering condition compared to the control condition, and this effect persisted over one week. Crucially, the increased speed and confidence in the easy-remembering condition did not affect memory accuracy. That makes our hypnosis intervention promising for patients experiencing subjective memory impairments. APA PSYCINFO CODES: 2343 (Learning and Memory), 2380 (Consciousness States), 3351 (Clinical Hypnosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Institute of Psychology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Justin Böhmer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Koch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Jeong H, Park JE, Kim N, Yoon SK, Kim HS. Deep learning-based detection and quantification of brain metastases on black-blood imaging can provide treatment suggestions: a clinical cohort study. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:2062-2071. [PMID: 37658885 PMCID: PMC10873231 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate whether deep learning-based detection and quantification of brain metastasis (BM) may suggest treatment options for patients with BMs. METHODS The deep learning system (DLS) for detection and quantification of BM was developed in 193 patients and applied to 112 patients that were newly detected on black-blood contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. Patients were assigned to one of 3 treatment suggestion groups according to the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO)-European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommendations using number and volume of the BMs detected by the DLS: short-term imaging follow-up without treatment (group A), surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (limited BM, group B), or whole-brain radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy (extensive BM, group C). The concordance between the DLS-based groups and clinical decisions was analyzed with or without consideration of targeted agents. The performance of distinguishing high-risk (B + C) was calculated. RESULTS Among 112 patients (mean age 64.3 years, 63 men), group C had the largest number and volume of BM, followed by group B (4.4 and 851.6 mm3) and A (1.5 and 15.5 mm3). The DLS-based groups were concordant with the actual clinical decisions, with an accuracy of 76.8% (86 of 112). Modified accuracy considering targeted agents was 81.3% (91 of 112). The DLS showed 95% (82/86) sensitivity and 81% (21/26) specificity for distinguishing the high risk. CONCLUSION DLS-based detection and quantification of BM have the potential to be helpful in the determination of treatment options for both low- and high-risk groups of limited and extensive BMs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT For patients with newly diagnosed brain metastasis, deep learning-based detection and quantification may be used in clinical settings where prompt and accurate treatment decisions are required, which can lead to better patient outcomes. KEY POINTS • Deep learning-based brain metastasis detection and quantification showed excellent agreement with ground-truth classifications. • By setting an algorithm to suggest treatment based on the number and volume of brain metastases detected by the deep learning system, the concordance was 81.3%. • When dividing patients into low- and high-risk groups, the sensitivity for detecting the latter was 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 43 Olympic-ro 88, Songpa-Gu, 05505, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 43 Olympic-ro 88, Songpa-Gu, 05505, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | - Shin-Kyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 43 Olympic-ro 88, Songpa-Gu, 05505, Seoul, Korea
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Schmidt B, Rohleder N, Engert V. Post-hypnotic safety suggestion improves stress coping with long-lasting effects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3548. [PMID: 38347065 PMCID: PMC10861489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective coping with acute stress is important to promote mental health and to build stress resilience. Interventions improving stress coping usually require long training periods. In this study, we present a hypnosis-based intervention that produces long-term effects after a single hypnosis session. In that session, we established a post-hypnotic safety suggestion that participants can activate afterwards with a cue, the Jena Safety Anchor. We tested 60 participants in our study who all received the hypnosis session and a stress task. The safety group used the Jena Safety Anchor during acute stress (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). The control group used a neutral anchor. We measured subjective stress responses via self-reports and physiological stress responses via saliva and blood samples as well as heart rate. One week later, all participants filled in an online survey to measure long-term effects of the post-hypnotic safety suggestion. We found that participants using the Jena Safety Anchor during the TSST reported significantly lower stress compared to the control group. The safety group also reported significantly fewer negative thoughts concerning their TSST performance than the control group during the stress recovery phase and 1 week later. All participants indicated that the Jena Safety Anchor still worked 1 week after its establishment. Suggestibility did not affect the efficacy of the Jena Safety Anchor. Our findings demonstrate that post-hypnotic safety suggestions improve stress coping with long-lasting effects, which makes it a promising intervention to promote mental health and establish stress resilience in just one hypnosis session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Stoystraße 3, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Engert
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Stoystraße 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Connors MH, Quinto L, Deeley Q, Halligan PW, Oakley DA, Kanaan RA. Hypnosis and suggestion as interventions for functional neurological disorder: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 86:92-102. [PMID: 38154334 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional neurological disorder (FND) involves the presence of neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by neurological disease. FND has long been linked to hypnosis and suggestion, both of which have been used as treatments. Given ongoing interest, this review examined evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis and suggestion as treatment interventions for FND. METHOD A systematic search of bibliographic databases was conducted to identify group studies published over the last hundred years. No restrictions were placed on study design, language, or clinical setting. Two reviewers independently assessed papers for inclusion, extracted data, and rated study quality. RESULTS The search identified 35 studies, including 5 randomised controlled trials, 2 non-randomised trials, and 28 pre-post studies. Of 1584 patients receiving either intervention, 1379 (87%) showed significant improvements, including many who demonstrated resolution of their symptoms in the short-term. Given the heterogeneity of interventions and limitations in study quality overall, more formal quantitative synthesis was not possible. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight longstanding and ongoing interest in using hypnosis and suggestion as interventions for FND. While the findings appear promising, limitations in the evidence base, reflecting limitations in FND research more broadly, prevent definitive recommendations. Further research seems warranted given these supportive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Connors
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Lena Quinto
- Forensic & Analytical Science Services, NSW Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Quinton Deeley
- Cultural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - David A Oakley
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard A Kanaan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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5
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Suwa B. [The historical diagnosis of 'hysterical scoliosis']. Orthopadie (Heidelb) 2023; 52:1005-1010. [PMID: 37563422 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until the beginning of the 20th century, 'hysterical scoliosis' could be considered an established diagnosis in Middle Europe's German-speaking countries. The responsible physicians claimed that certain cases of scoliosis were caused solely by psychological factors, and they did not distinguish between real scoliosis (e.g. with neuromuscular cause) and abnormal posture caused by psychological reasons. Instead, 'hysterical scoliosis' was obviously believed to be a real scoliosis caused by psychologically induced contractures. OBJECTIVE This study critically discusses the historical diagnosis 'hysterical scoliosis' from today's point of view. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work is based on historical research (including journals and literature) approximately from the time around 1900. Furthermore, it is also based on recently discovered original material. RESULTS The original material is a correspondence between H. Schlesinger and G. Muskat, who published an article about 'hysterical scoliosis' in Schlesinger's journal. CONCLUSIONS Obviously, the underlying medical concepts of 'hysterical scoliosis' were wrong and led to clear diagnostic problems and inaccuracies. 'Hysterical scoliosis' can be considered one of adolescent psychiatry's early fashionable illnesses around the year 1900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beato Suwa
- , Gartenweg 24, 39164, Wanzleben OT Hohendodeleben, Deutschland.
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Lee JH, Chang MC. Some suggestions for pain physicians working in real-world clinical settings. J Yeungnam Med Sci 2023; 40:S123-S124. [PMID: 37218143 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain is a common reason for patients visiting hospitals or clinics. Various therapeutic tools including oral medications, physical modalities, and procedures have been used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of each treatment and compare the efficacy of different protocols. These trials were conducted under controlled conditions with specific endpoints and timeframes, and the individual constraints of each patient were not considered. We believe that the findings of such studies may not accurately reflect clinical reality in real-world settings. In this article, we propose treatment principles for patients in pain clinics. We propose two principles for pain treatment: first, "Healing, in the end, is not healing." and second, "The patient's job is not a patient." The main role of pain physicians is to quickly and actively reduce pain and help patients focus on their work and lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Starczewska M, Kaczmarek I, Winczewska-Wiktor A, Żarowski M, Steinborn B. A suggestive seizure induction technique protocol in a short EEG in children and adolescents. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109277. [PMID: 37331208 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of a suggestive seizure induction procedure (SSI) in medicine, particularly in the differential diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic epileptic seizures (PNES), is well documented. However, there is no description of standardized suggestion procedures used in children and adolescents. The research presents a standardized method of SSI with a cotton swab soaked in water. The protocol was developed based on of 544 placebo trials over ten years in a center for the differential diagnosis of children and adolescents. The protocol is a safe tool that allows inducing specific behavior in children and adolescents in whom there is a well-founded suspicion of PNES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Starczewska
- Department of Developmental Neurology, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49 Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; Laboratory of Polysomnography and Sleep Research for Children and Adolescents, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49 Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Izabela Kaczmarek
- Department of Developmental Neurology, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49 Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; Laboratory of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Department of Developmental Neurology, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49 Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Winczewska-Wiktor
- Department of Developmental Neurology, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49 Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49 Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; Laboratory of Polysomnography and Sleep Research for Children and Adolescents, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49 Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Barbara Steinborn
- Department of Developmental Neurology, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49 Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
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8
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Apelian C, De Vignemont F, Terhune DB. Comparative effects of hypnotic suggestion and imagery instruction on bodily awareness. Conscious Cogn 2023; 108:103473. [PMID: 36706563 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bodily awareness is informed by both sensory data and prior knowledge. Although misleading sensory signals have been repeatedly shown to affect bodily awareness, only scant attention has been given to the influence of cognitive variables. Hypnotic suggestion has recently been shown to impact visuospatial and sensorimotor representations of body-part size although the mechanisms subserving this effect are yet to be identified. Mental imagery might play a causal or facilitative role in this effect, as it has been shown to influence body awareness in previous studies. Nonetheless, current views ascribe only an epiphenomenal role to imagery in the implementation of hypnotic suggestions. This study compared the effects of hypnotic suggestion and imagery instruction for influencing the visuospatial and sensorimotor aspects of body-size representation. Both experimental manipulations produced significant increases (elongation) in both representations compared to baseline, although the effects were larger in the hypnotic suggestion condition. The effects of both manipulations were highly correlated across participants, suggesting overlapping mechanisms. Self-reports suggested that the use of voluntary imagery did not significantly contribute to the efficacy of either manipulation. Rather, top-down effects on body representations seem to be partly driven by response expectancies, spontaneous imagery, and hypnotic suggestibility in both conditions. These results are in line with current theories of suggestion and raise fundamental questions regarding the mechanisms driving the influence of cognition on body representations.
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9
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Ziv G, Lidor R, Levin O. Reaction time and working memory in middle-aged gamers and non-gamers. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 228:103666. [PMID: 35820337 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore whether asking middle-aged gamers and non-gamers about their video games habits will affect their performance of cognitive-motor tasks. One-hundred and twenty-one participants were randomly assigned to four groups: (a) gamers who were asked about their playing habits prior to the study, (b) gamers who were asked about their playing habits following the study, (c) non-gamers who were asked about their playing habits prior to the study, and (d) non-gamers who were asked about their playing habits following the study. The participants performed three reaction time (RT) tasks and a digit-span memory task. In a task-switching task, gamers had more correct responses when they answered the questionnaire before performing the task compared with after the task. For the non-gamers, the opposite occurred. We conclude that some performance measures of cognitive-motor tasks could have been affected by the timing of the completion of the questionnaire. This finding should be known to researchers as it may lead to biases gaming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Ziv
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel.
| | - Ronnie Lidor
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel
| | - Oron Levin
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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10
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Bonnan M. Transcranial and muscular single-pulse magnetic stimulation is efficient on motor functional neurological disorders by the feedback of induced muscle contractions - A retrospective case series. Clin Park Relat Disord 2021; 5:100112. [PMID: 34746742 PMCID: PMC8554265 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2021.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Motor functional neurological disorders (mFNDs) are improved by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is thought to involve cortical modulation. We examined the outcome of a rapid TMS procedure. Methods Single-center retrospective case series including 41 consecutive patients suffering from mFNDs and receiving a combination of motor-evoked potentials (MEP), TMS and/or muscle stimulation. Results MEP and additional TMS were administered in 35 patients, sometimes with rescue by muscle stimulation. Magnetic muscle stimulation was given in 6 patients, sometimes with rescue by TMS. Complete immediate recovery was obtained in 65.9 % of the 41 patients, but the outcome of mFNDs after one year was poor. Treatment by TMS (n = 19) or by muscle stimulation (n = 4) given alone were associated with 78.9 % and 75 % of complete immediate recovery, respectively. Conclusions A rapid easy-to-perform TMS procedure obtained a high rate of immediate complete recovery in mFND. Clinical recovery was improved but was also obtained by direct magnetic stimulation of the paralyzed muscles. Significance TMS-induced recovery of mFND may not involve cortical modulation but could rather occur through reinforcement of the suggestion. Magnetic-induced muscle twitches may facilitate the self-expectation of motor recovery and could unlock the motor symptoms of mFND.
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11
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Shi JW, Xu G, Li X, Wang H. [The problems and countermeasures in the training of public health talents in colleges and universities in China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:110-113. [PMID: 33455141 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200622-00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Colleges and universities are the cradle for public health talents training. Under the epidemic situation, the new requirements for the construction of public health service system and the promotion of population health, urged us to rethink how to reform the training of public health talents in colleges and universities. This research focused on key problems of the construction and distribution, scale, orientation, and contents of training for various public health talents in colleges and universities. It was suggested to reinforce the balanced development of public health in colleges and universities in various areas in China, to refine interdisciplinary training, to intensively cultivate technical and research-oriented talents, to expand talents within and outside the colleges and universities, as well as to introduce and cultivate public health teachers simultaneously, so as to better play the role of colleges and universities in the training of the public health talents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - G Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - H Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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12
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Xu K, Lai X, Liu Z. Suggestions on the prevention of COVID-19 for health care workers in department of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 6:S2-S5. [PMID: 32292630 PMCID: PMC7128200 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented as a grim and complex situation recently. More than 77,000 cases of COVID-19 has been confirmed in China until February 25th, 2020, which are causing great impact on economy and society, as well as seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice in the department of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. This article discussed medical precautions required in the clinic, inpatient ward and operation room of otorhinolaryngology head and neck department, which aims to protect health care workers from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoquan Lai
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Miyahara M, Wilson R, Pocock T, Kano T, Fukuhara H. How does brief guided mindfulness meditation enhance empathic concern in novice meditators?: A pilot test of the suggestion hypothesis vs. the mindfulness hypothesis. Curr Psychol 2020; 41:3958-3969. [PMID: 32837131 PMCID: PMC7352088 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread popularity of mindfulness meditation for its various benefits, the mechanism underlying the meditation process has rarely been explored. Here, we present two preliminary studies designed to test alternative hypotheses: whether the effect of brief guided mindfulness meditation on empathic concern arises from verbal suggestion (suggestion hypothesis) or as a byproduct of an induced mindfulness state (mindfulness hypothesis). Study 1 was a pilot randomized control trial of sitting (breath-and-body) meditation vs. compassion meditation that provided preliminary support for the mindfulness hypothesis. Study 2 was set up to rule out the possibility that the meditation effects observed in Study 1 were the effects of repeated measures. An inactive control group of participants underwent the repeated measures of empathic concern with no meditation in between. The pre-post comparison demonstrated no significant changes in the measures. Thus, the results of two studies supported the mindfulness hypothesis. Limitations of the present study and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Miyahara
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 Japan
| | - Rebekah Wilson
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Tessa Pocock
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Building 505, Level 2, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tomoko Kano
- College of Letters, Ritsumeikan University, 56-1 Tojiin-kita-machi, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukuhara
- College of Letters, Ritsumeikan University, 56-1 Tojiin-kita-machi, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Ray MK, Zachmann AE, Caudill CV, Boggiano MM. Relationship between trait suggestibility and eating-related behaviors in overweight and obesity. Eat Behav 2020; 37:101380. [PMID: 32193130 PMCID: PMC7246141 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Differences in trait suggestibility among those with obesity may help explain differential responses to weight-loss interventions. Ubiquitous advertising of unhealthy foods, weight-loss products that are not evidence-based, and myths regarding weight loss could be particularly sabotaging in individuals with high levels of suggestibility, with or at risk of developing obesity. This study explored relationships between suggestibility, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported eating-related behaviors that vary among those with obesity. A sample of ethnically diverse adults (N = 73) with a BMI ≥25 completed the Short Suggestibility Scale (SSS), Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Restraint (DEBQ-R), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Impulsiveness was controlled in analyses due to its strong association with suggestibility. Analyses revealed that BMI was not related to SSS scores, consistent with studies using hypnotic-suggestibility scales. However, SSS scores were positively associated with eating caloric food more frequently for Reward, Social, and Conformity motives, and with greater actual dieting behavior, and binge eating. Suggestibility was not related to eating for Coping motives or effort to diet. If supported by future replications, knowledge of these associations could potentially help inform and tailor weight-loss interventions to protect those that may be most susceptible to adopting invalid messages and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Katherine Ray
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 415 Campbell Hall, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA.
| | - Ashley E. Zachmann
- Department of Psychology, 415 Campbell Hall, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA
| | - Caroline V. Caudill
- Department of Psychology, 415 Campbell Hall, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA
| | - Mary M. Boggiano
- Department of Psychology, 415 Campbell Hall, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA
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15
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Parra A, Rey A. The interoception and imagination loop in hypnotic phenomena. Conscious Cogn 2019; 73:102765. [PMID: 31254737 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We tested a working hypothesis that the ideomotor and motor-control suggestions measured by current hypnotizability scales depend on the activation of an interoception-imagination processing loop. In three experiments, participants were exposed to an induction phase, Items 3 (mosquito hallucination) and 8 (arm immobilization) of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C, and a new version of Item 8 involving the additional activation of imaginative and interoception processes. We found that this modified version of Item 8 elicited greater responsiveness to suggestion, irrespective of its position in the sequence of hypnotic items. We argue that this interoception-imagination loop hypothesis provides a useful information processing analysis for understanding several hypnotic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Parra
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Rey
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Hein KT, Maung TM, Htet KKK, Shewade HD, Tripathy JP, Oo SM, Lin Z, Thi A. Low uptake of malaria testing within 24 h of fever despite appropriate health-seeking among migrants in Myanmar: a mixed-methods study. Malar J 2018; 17:396. [PMID: 30373591 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited information on uptake of malaria testing among migrants who are a ‘high-risk’ population for malaria. This was an explanatory mixed-methods study. The quantitative component (a cross sectional analytical study-nation-wide migrant malaria survey in 2016) assessed the knowledge; health-seeking; and testing within 24 h of fever and its associated factors. The qualitative component (descriptive design) explored the perspectives of migrants and health care providers [including village health volunteers (VHV)] into the barriers and suggested solutions to increase testing within 24 h. Quantitative data analysis was weighted for the three-stage sampling design of the survey. Qualitative data analysis involved manual descriptive thematic analysis. Results A total of 3230 households were included in the survey. The mean knowledge score (maximum score 11) for malaria was 5.2 (0.95 CI 5.1, 5.3). The source of information about malaria was 80% from public health facility staff and 21% from VHV. Among 11 193 household members, 964 (8.6%) had fever in last 3 months. Health-seeking was appropriate for fever in 76% (0.95 CI 73, 79); however, only 7% (0.95 CI 5, 9) first visited a VHV while 19% (0.95 CI 16, 22) had self-medication. Of 964, 220 (23%, 0.95 CI 20, 26) underwent malaria blood testing within 24 h. Stable migrants, high knowledge score and appropriate health-seeking were associated with testing within 24 h. Qualitative findings showed that low testing within 24 h despite appropriate health-seeking was due to lack of awareness among migrants regarding diagnosis services offered by VHV, delayed health-seeking at public health facilities and not all cases of fever being tested by VHV and health staff. Providing appropriate behaviour change communication for migrants related to malaria, provider’s acceptance for malaria testing for all fever cases and mobile peer volunteer under supervision were suggested to overcome above barriers. Conclusions Providers were not testing all migrant patients with fever for malaria. Low uptake within 24 h was also due to poor utilization of services offered by VHV. The programme should seriously consider addressing these barriers and implementing the recommendations if Myanmar is to eliminate malaria by 2030. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2546-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Tekampe J, Peerdeman KJ, Bartels DJP, van Laarhoven AIM, Evers AWM. [Placebo and nocebo effects on itch : Methodological and clinical implications]. Hautarzt 2018; 69:626-630. [PMID: 29947820 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients often experience positive (placebo) or negative (nocebo) treatment effects due to the positive or negative expectations they have about the treatment. Placebo and nocebo effects have only relatively recently received attention for itch. Experimental studies indicate that, in line with research in other areas, such as pain, learning via verbal suggestion and conditioning plays a key role in placebo and nocebo effects on itch. Results on contagious itch emphasize the role of observational learning and suggest that itch sensations might be particularly susceptible to suggestion and therefore placebo and nocebo effects. Substantial itch reductions in the placebo arms of clinical trials suggest that placebo effects are also important for clinical practice. In this article, an overview is given of how placebo and nocebo effects on itch can optimally be used in research and for the treatment of itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tekampe
- Gezondheids-, Medische en Neuropsychologie, Instituut Psychologie, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, Niederlande
- Afdeling Medische Psychologie, Radboud universitair medisch centrum, Nijmegen, Niederlande
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Niederlande
| | - K J Peerdeman
- Gezondheids-, Medische en Neuropsychologie, Instituut Psychologie, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, Niederlande
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Niederlande
| | - D J P Bartels
- Gezondheids-, Medische en Neuropsychologie, Instituut Psychologie, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, Niederlande
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Niederlande
| | - A I M van Laarhoven
- Gezondheids-, Medische en Neuropsychologie, Instituut Psychologie, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, Niederlande
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Niederlande
- Afdeling Psychiatrie, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Niederlande
| | - A W M Evers
- Gezondheids-, Medische en Neuropsychologie, Instituut Psychologie, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, Niederlande.
- Afdeling Medische Psychologie, Radboud universitair medisch centrum, Nijmegen, Niederlande.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Niederlande.
- Afdeling Psychiatrie, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Niederlande.
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Popkirov S, Jungilligens J, Grönheit W, Wellmer J. Diagnosing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Video-EEG monitoring, suggestive seizure induction and diagnostic certainty. Epilepsy Behav 2017. [PMID: 28622545 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) can remain undiagnosed for many years, leading to unnecessary medication and delayed treatment. A recent report by the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force recommends a staged approach to the diagnosis of PNES (LaFrance, et al., 2013). We aimed to investigate its practical utility, and to apply the proposed classification to evaluate the role of long-term video-EEG monitoring (VEEG) and suggestive seizure induction (SSI) in PNES workup. Using electronic medical records, 122 inpatients (mean age 36.0±12.9years; 68% women) who received the diagnosis of PNES at our epilepsy center during a 4.3-year time period were included. There was an 82.8% agreement between diagnostic certainty documented at discharge and that assigned retroactively using the Task Force recommendations. In a minority of cases, having used the Task Force criteria could have encouraged the clinicians to give more certain diagnoses, exemplifying the Task Force report's utility. Both VEEG and SSI were effective at supporting high level diagnostic certainty. Interestingly, about one in four patients (26.2%) had a non-diagnostic ("negative") VEEG but a positive SSI. On average, this subgroup did not have significantly shorter mean VEEG recording times than VEEG-positive patients. However, VEEG-negative/SSI-positive patients had a significantly lower habitual seizure frequency than their counterparts. This finding emphasizes the utility of SSI in ascertaining the diagnosis of PNES in patients who do not have a spontaneous habitual event during VEEG due to, for example, low seizure frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Popkirov
- Ruhr-Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Johannes Jungilligens
- Ruhr-Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wenke Grönheit
- Ruhr-Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Wellmer
- Ruhr-Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
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Whitehead K, Kane N, Wardrope A, Kandler R, Reuber M. Proposal for best practice in the use of video-EEG when psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are a possible diagnosis. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2017; 2:130-139. [PMID: 30214985 PMCID: PMC6123876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold-standard for the diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) is capturing an attack with typical semiology and lack of epileptic ictal discharges on video-EEG. Despite the importance of this diagnostic test, lack of standardisation has resulted in a wide variety of protocols and reporting practices. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of research findings on the diagnostic video-EEG procedure, in both the adult and paediatric literature. We discuss how uncertainties about the ethical use of suggestion can be resolved, and consider what constitutes best clinical practice. We stress the importance of ictal observation and assessment and consider how diagnostically useful information is best obtained. We also discuss the optimal format of video-EEG reports; and of highlighting features with high sensitivity and specificity to reduce the risk of miscommunication. We suggest that over-interpretation of the interictal EEG, and the failure to recognise differences between typical epileptic and nonepileptic seizure manifestations are the greatest pitfalls in neurophysiological assessment of patients with PNES. Meanwhile, under-recognition of semiological pointers towards frontal lobe seizures and of the absence of epileptiform ictal EEG patterns during some epileptic seizure types (especially some seizures not associated with loss of awareness), may lead to erroneous PNES diagnoses. We propose that a standardised approach to the video-EEG examination and the subsequent written report will facilitate a clear communication of its import, improving diagnostic certainty and thereby promoting appropriate patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Kane
- Grey Walter Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Ros Kandler
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Markus Reuber
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Otgaar H, Howe ML, Muris P. Maltreatment increases spontaneous false memories but decreases suggestion-induced false memories in children. Br J Dev Psychol 2017; 35:376-391. [PMID: 28093783 PMCID: PMC5573940 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We examined the creation of spontaneous and suggestion‐induced false memories in maltreated and non‐maltreated children. Maltreated and non‐maltreated children were involved in a Deese–Roediger–McDermott false memory paradigm where they studied and remembered negative and neutral word lists. Suggestion‐induced false memories were created using a misinformation procedure during which both maltreated and non‐maltreated children viewed a negative video (i.e., bank robbery) and later received suggestive misinformation concerning the event. Our results showed that maltreated children had higher levels of spontaneous negative false memories but lower levels of suggestion‐induced false memories as compared to non‐maltreated children. Collectively, our study demonstrates that maltreatment both increases and decreases susceptibility to memory illusions depending on the type of false memory being induced. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Trauma affects memory. It is unclear how trauma affects false memory.
What does this study add? This study focuses on two types of false memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Otgaar
- Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,City, University of London, UK
| | - Mark L Howe
- Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,City, University of London, UK
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Meng H, Mao H, Chi C, Zhao D. Analysis of HL7 EHRS Functional Model and Suggested Applications in China. Stud Health Technol Inform 2017; 245:174-177. [PMID: 29295076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
HL7 electronic health record system (EHRS) functional model is an international standard which gives scientific instructions for EHRS design and implementation. It has the features of technological irrelevancy, requirement hierarchy and functional comprehensiveness. It is composed of overarching, care provision, care provision support, administrative support, population health support, record infrastructure and trusted infrastructure. This paper describes the functionalities of each section in detail. To apply this functional model, the history of Chinese health information system construction is reviewed and the weakness is analyzed as a basis. Then this paper gives suggestions on the construction of health information system in China: to enhance the functionality of healthcare systems, to enhance the information network function of regional health information network (RHIN), and to redesign the trust architecture of RHIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Meng
- Institute of Health Service and Medical Information, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajian Mao
- Institute of Health Service and Medical Information, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Chi
- Institute of Health Service and Medical Information, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- Institute of Health Service and Medical Information, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Gyulaházi J, Redl P, Karányi Z, Varga K, Fülesdi B. Dreaming under anesthesia: is it a real possiblity? Investigation of the effect of preoperative imagination on the quality of postoperative dream recalls. BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:53. [PMID: 27484458 PMCID: PMC4970206 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Images evoked immediately before the induction of anesthesia by means of suggestions may influence dreaming during anesthesia. This study is a retrospective re-evaluation of the original prospective randomized trial. Methods Dream reports were studied in two groups. In group 1. dreams of patients who received suggestions, and in group 2, those of the control group of patients who did not. The incidence of dream reports and the characteristics and the theme of the reported dreams were compared among the groups. Results In general, the control and the psychological intervention groups were different in terms of dreaming frequency, and non-recall dreaming. The incidence of dream reports was significantly higher in the suggestion group (82/190 at 10 min and 71/190 at 60 min respectively) than in the control group (16/80 at 10 min and 13/80 at 60 min, respectively; p10 = 0.001 and p60 = 0.002). There were no differences in the nature (thought- like or cinematic), quality (color or B&W) and the mood (positive vs. negative) of the recalled dreams. In general, the contents of the imaginary favorite place and the reported dream were identical in 73.2 %. Among the topics most successfully applied in the operating theater were loved ones (83.8 %), holiday (77.8 %) and sport (63.6 %). Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that dreams during anesthesia are influenced by suggestions administered immediately preceding anesthesia. Trial registration The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: Q1 NCT01839201, Date: 12 Apr. 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Gyulaházi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Redl
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Karányi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Varga
- Department of Affective Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Fülesdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Popkirov S, Grönheit W, Wellmer J. Paroxysmal belching: Epileptic or nonepileptic? Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2016; 5:11-2. [PMID: 27330988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and localizing value of ictal belching are yet unknown. We present the case of a patient with medically refractory focal epilepsy with simple and complex partial seizures, as well as generalized seizures. One presumed seizure type comprised frequent episodes of repetitive belching. Video-EEG monitoring during these attacks showed no ictal changes. The belching episodes were inducible and terminable through suggestion. The diagnosis of excessive supragastric belching, a previously described psychogenic condition, was made.
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Lei J, Meng Q, Li Y, Liang M, Zheng K. The evolution of medical informatics in China: A retrospective study and lessons learned. Int J Med Inform 2016; 92:8-14. [PMID: 27318067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to China's giant health information technology (HIT) market and tremendous investments in hospital information systems the contributions of Chinese scholars in medical informatics to the global community are very limited. China would like to have a more important position in the global medical informatics community. OBJECTIVE A better understanding of the differences between medical informatics research and education in China and the discipline that emerged abroad will better inform Chinese scholars to develop right strategies to advance the field in China and help identify an appropriate means to collaborate more closely with medical informatics scholars globally. METHOD For the first time, this paper divides the evolution of medical informatics in China into four stages based on changes in the core content of research, the educational orientation and other developmental characteristics. The four stages are infancy, incubation, primary establishment and formal establishment. This paper summarizes and reviews major supporting journals and publications, as well as major organizations. Finally, we analyze the main problems that exist in the current disciplinary development in China related to medical informatics research and education and offer suggestions for future improvement. CONCLUSIONS The evolution of medical informatics shows a strong and traditional concentration on medical library/bibliographic information rather than medical (hospital information or patient information) information. Misdirected-concentration, a lack of formal medical informatics trained teaching staff and mistakenly positioning medical informatics as an undergraduate discipline are some of the problems inhibiting the development of medical informatics in China. These lessons should be shared and learned for the global community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lei
- Center for Medical Informatics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering,Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,China
| | - Qun Meng
- Center for Statistics and Information, National Health and Family Planning Commission, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Center for Statistics and Information, National Health and Family Planning Commission, China
| | - Minghui Liang
- National Institute of Hospital Administration, National Health and Family Planning Commission, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Public Health Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Prätzlich M, Kossowsky J, Gaab J, Krummenacher P. Impact of short-term meditation and expectation on executive brain functions. Behav Brain Res 2015; 297:268-76. [PMID: 26462570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Meditation improves executive functions such as attention and working memory processes. However, it remains unclear to what extent contextual effects contribute to these improvements, since the role of meditation-associated expectations has not been investigated so far. In a randomized, single-blind, deceptive, between-subject design we compared the impact of short-term meditation (MG) on executive functioning with an expectation (ECG) and a passive control group (CG) as well as the effect of positive and negative outcome expectations. Fifty-nine healthy meditation-naïve volunteers participated on three consecutive days (20 min/session). Five groups were examined: 2 MGs, 2 ECGs and 1 CG. While one MG and one ECG were given positive suggestions concerning the effect of meditation on attention, the other two groups were given negative suggestions. MGs practised a focused attention meditation technique; ECGs were told that they were practising meditation but were given instructions for a sham meditation. CG participants sat in silence with their eyes closed. Interference control (Stroop task), selective sustained attention (d2 task), figural and verbal fluency measures of executive functions were assessed. Results indicate that suggestions have a substantial impact on interference control and verbal fluency, with positive suggestions leading to an increase in performance, whereas negative suggestions impeded improvement. This proof of concept study demonstrates the importance of the implementation of a credible ECG to elucidate context effects in meditation processes. It also indicates that suggestions can modulate the small effect of meditation on verbal fluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Prätzlich
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics, Schanzenstrasse 13, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joe Kossowsky
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jens Gaab
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Krummenacher
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Collegium Helveticum, Schmelzbergstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Brainability LLC, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Darragh M, Chang JWH, Booth RJ, Consedine NS. The placebo effect in inflammatory skin reactions: the influence of verbal suggestion on itch and weal size. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:489-494. [PMID: 25649275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate suggestion-induced placebo effects in inflammatory skin reactions. METHODS A healthy sample of volunteers (N = 48) attended two laboratory sessions. In each, a local short term inflammatory skin reaction was induced with histamine. Participants were told that one session was a control session and the other was a treatment session in which an antihistamine cream would be applied to the arm to reduce the size of the weal and the experience of itch. Inert aqueous cream was applied in both sessions. Participants were randomly allocated to undergo either the control or the treatment session first. RESULTS The placebo manipulation successfully reduced self-reported itch from the control to the placebo treatment session, but no placebo effect was demonstrated in weal size. Order effects were observed such that only those who underwent control procedures first had a smaller weal in the placebo treatment session as compared to the control session. The same order effect was seen for reported itch at one minute post histamine administration, but this disappeared at the three and five minute measures. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that explicit verbal suggestion can reduce the experience of itch. In addition to conscious awareness, a concrete representation of the suggested changes gained from prior experience to the stimulus may be an important component of placebo effects on inflammatory skin reactions.
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Bernstein DM, Scoboria A, Arnold R. The consequences of suggesting false childhood food events. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2015; 156:1-7. [PMID: 25613303 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We combined data across eight published experiments (N=1369) to examine the formation and consequences of false autobiographical beliefs and memories. Our path models revealed that the formation of false autobiographical belief fully mediated the pathway between suggesting to people that they had experienced a positive or negative food-related event in the past and current preference for that food. Suggestion indirectly affected intention to eat the food via change in autobiographical belief. The development of belief with and without memory produced similar changes in food preferences and behavior intention, indicating that belief in the event drives changes in suggestion-related attitudes. Finally, positive suggestions (e.g., "you loved asparagus the first time you tried it") yielded stronger effects than negative suggestions (e.g., "you got sick eating egg salad"). These findings show that false autobiographical suggestions lead to the development of autobiographical beliefs, which in turn, have consequences for one's attitudes and behaviors.
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Abstract
Hypnosis often leads people to obey a suggestion of movement and to lose perceived voluntariness. This inexplicable phenomenon suggests that the state of the motor system may be altered by hypnosis; however, objective evidence for this is still lacking. Thus, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) to investigate how hypnosis, and a concurrent suggestion that increased motivation for a force exertion task, influenced the state of the motor system. As a result, corticospinal excitability was enhanced, producing increased force exertion, only when the task-motivating suggestion was provided during hypnotic induction, showing that the hypnotic suggestion actually altered the state of M1 and the resultant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Takarada
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Daichi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Deeley Q, Oakley DA, Walsh E, Bell V, Mehta MA, Halligan PW. Modelling psychiatric and cultural possession phenomena with suggestion and fMRI. Cortex 2014; 53:107-19. [PMID: 24632378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Involuntary movements occur in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and culturally influenced dissociative states (e.g., delusions of alien control and attributions of spirit possession). However, the underlying brain processes are poorly understood. We combined suggestion and fMRI in 15 highly hypnotically susceptible volunteers to investigate changes in brain activity accompanying different experiences of loss of self-control of movement. Suggestions of external personal control and internal personal control over involuntary movements modelled delusions of control and spirit possession respectively. A suggestion of impersonal control by a malfunctioning machine modelled technical delusions of control, where involuntary movements are attributed to the influence of machines. We found that (i) brain activity and/or connectivity significantly varied with different experiences and attributions of loss of agency; (ii) compared to the impersonal control condition, both external and internal personal alien control were associated with increased connectivity between primary motor cortex (M1) and brain regions involved in attribution of mental states and representing the self in relation to others; (iii) compared to both personal alien control conditions, impersonal control of movement was associated with increased activity in brain regions involved in error detection and object imagery; (iv) there were no significant differences in brain activity, and minor differences in M1 connectivity, between the external and internal personal alien control conditions. Brain networks supporting error detection and object imagery, together with representation of self and others, are differentially recruited to support experiences of impersonal and personal control of involuntary movements. However, similar brain systems underpin attributions and experiences of external and internal alien control of movement. Loss of self-agency for movement can therefore accompany different kinds of experience of alien control supported by distinct brain mechanisms. These findings caution against generalization about single cognitive processes or brain systems underpinning different experiences of loss of self-control of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton Deeley
- Cultural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, Kent, UK.
| | - David A Oakley
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Eamonn Walsh
- Cultural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Vaughan Bell
- Cultural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Cultural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Abstract
In this paper we describe a custody case that centred on allegations of child sexual abuse. A pair of preschool-aged sisters accused their biological father of various sexual acts, though their allegations were made under problematic conditions and were contradicted by other statements they made. In an affidavit written by one of us (MB), we describe the relevant memory development research in the course of presenting the court with a scientific analysis. We find compelling evidence of multiple risk factors in the way the daughters' recollections were elicited. Although the "ultimate question" of guilt is beyond our purview, our identification of risks was instrumental in the legal system's decision that the children's allegations were not valid. We put this analysis forward as an example of evidence-based testimony in which scientific findings from the memory literature can be used to frame an expert's analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Bruck
- a Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Stephen J Ceci
- b Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Department of Human Development , Ithaca , NY , USA
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31
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Baik JS. Attention in Parkinson's disease mimicking suggestion in psychogenic movement disorder. J Mov Disord 2012; 5:53-4. [PMID: 24868415 PMCID: PMC4027663 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The various reported psychogenic movement disorders (PMDs) include tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, gait disorder, Parkinsonism, tics, and chorea. Although it is not easy to diagnose PMDs, several features such as distractibility, entrainment, suggestion and placebo trial are quite helpful to diagnose. Especially, distractibility or suggestion is a good tool to do in outpatient clinic easily. We describe a patient with parkinsonian features which were improved by internal suggestion to focusing attention. Initially, we suspected her diagnosis as PMDs; however she was confirmed with organic Parkinson’s disease later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Sam Baik
- Department of Neurology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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