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Muntefering C, Fitzpatrick M, Johnson K, Fields B. Primary prevention interventions for adults at-risk of obesity: An international scoping review. Prev Med 2023; 171:107498. [PMID: 37004848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The number of adults experiencing obesity continues to rise. A significant amount of research has addressed primary prevention interventions within pediatric populations to minimize the onset of obesity. However, research efforts within adult populations have commonly emphasized secondary and tertiary prevention for obesity. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to characterize and identify gaps in primary prevention interventions targeting adult populations at risk for obesity. A scoping review was conducted via PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PscyINFO. A total of 7216 papers were retrieved. Sixteen articles were included in the review. Seven of the studies included only females in the interventions. Only two studies occurred within the United States. Three studies included multi-modal interventions. Interventions were delivered by dieticians in four studies and nurses in three studies. Fifteen of the studies proved to be effective overall for improving weight-related outcomes. The following themes were revealed through this review: (1) participants were usually female and homogenous; (2) studies frequently occurred outside of the United States; (3) studies most often explored unimodal interventions; (4) dieticians and nurses were the most common intervention providers; and (5) favorable outcomes for reducing weight were demonstrated across studies. This scoping review reveals that primary prevention interventions have the potential to minimize obesity onset in at-risk adult populations. However, evaluation of current interventions shows multiple gaps in population target, intervention origin, intervention type, and provider type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beth Fields
- University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, USA
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Aylward L, Konsor M, Cox S. Binge Eating Before and After Bariatric Surgery. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:386-394. [PMID: 36287376 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to review the state of the literature of binge eating in the context of bariatric surgery including prevalence, conceptualization, assessment, course, and related sequela throughout the perioperative continuum, particularly highlighting new advancements and future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Accurate assessment of binge eating in bariatric samples is essential for optimization of patient outcomes. Binge eating is less prevalent after bariatric surgery; however, prevalence rates increase over time. Most studies do not find a relationship between pre-operative binge eating and suboptimal weight outcomes after surgery. Refinement in understanding and conceptualization of post-operative binge eating is needed; new conceptualizations have proposed such a definition. Emerging constructs relevant to binge eating for bariatric patients include food addiction and food insecurity. Despite the introduction of formal diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder, many uncertainties regarding the prevalence, course, and effects of binge eating currently exist; varied assessment methods continue to be a barrier to research on binge eating in bariatric surgery samples. Consensus on operational definitions for post-operative binge eating and best practices for assessment are areas for future consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aylward
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Morgantown, USA
| | - Madeline Konsor
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie Cox
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Morgantown, USA.
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Hayes S, Lonergan A, Trompeter N, Bussey K, Hay P, Mitchison D. Longitudinal relationship between experience of sexual harassment and 2-year body image and weight outcomes in adolescence: mediation through self-objectification and psychological distress. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3095-3108. [PMID: 35834106 PMCID: PMC9803756 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study investigated the experience of sexual harassment as a risk factor for weight gain and weight/shape concerns in a community sample of adolescents, with potential mediating factors self-objectification and psychological distress. METHOD 1034 Australian adolescents (aged 11 to 19 years) from the EveryBODY longitudinal study of disordered eating pathology participated. Data were collected through online surveys annually for 3 years. Participants completed self-report measures of demographics, sexual harassment, psychological distress, self-objectification, weight/shape concerns and BMI percentile. RESULTS A parallel mediation model adjusting for baseline scores found no direct effect between baseline experiences of sexual harassment and change in BMI percentile or weight/shape concern after 2 years. Experiences of sexual harassment significantly increased self-objectification scores after 1 year in female adolescents. Subsequently, higher self-objectification significantly increased the risk of greater weight/shape concern after 1 year in female adolescents. However, no significant mediating relationship was found in the relationship between sexual harassment and weight/shape concern or BMI percentile for either gender. Psychological distress was found to be a clear risk factor for weight/shape concern in both genders after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Intervention programmes in schools should focus on developing policies to reduce sexual harassment, self-objectification and distress in adolescents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, longitudinal multiple time series without intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hayes
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, 51 Captain Cook Drive, Kurnell, Sydney, NSW, 2231, Australia.
| | | | - Nora Trompeter
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kay Bussey
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Conceição E, de Lourdes M, Ramalho S, Félix S, Pinto-Bastos A, Vaz AR. Eating behaviors and weight outcomes in bariatric surgery patients amidst COVID-19. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1165-1174. [PMID: 33812789 PMCID: PMC7908843 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that eating habits are an area particularly affected by the lockdown imposed by many countries to curb the COVID-19 epidemic. Individuals that received bariatric surgery may represent a particularly susceptible population to the adverse effects of lockdown for its potential impact on eating, psychological, and weight loss outcomes. Objectives This study seeks to investigate the incremental impact of COVID-19 lockdown on treatment outcomes of postbariatric patients in the risk period for weight regain. Setting Main hospital center. Methods This work uses data from an ongoing longitudinal study of bariatric patients assessed before surgery (T0), 1.5 years after sugery (T1), and 3 years after surgery (T2). Two independent groups were compared: the COVID-19_Group (n = 35) where T0 and T1 assessments were conducted before the pandemic started and T2 assessment was conducted at the end of the mandatory COVID-19 lockdown; and the NonCOVID-19_Group (n = 66), covering patients who completed T0, T1, and T2 assessments before the epidemic began. Assessment included self-report measures for disordered eating, negative urgency, depression, anxiety, stress, and weight outcomes. Results General linear models for repeated measures showed that the COVID-19_Group presented significantly higher weight concern (F = 8.403, P = .005, ƞ2p = .094), grazing behavior (F = 7.166, P = .009, ƞ2p = .076), and negative urgency (F = 4.522, P = .036, ƞ2p = .05) than the NonCOVID-19_Group. The COVID-19_Group also showed less total weight loss (F = 4.029, P = .05, ƞ2p = .04) and larger weight regain at T2, with more COVID-19_Group participants experiencing excessive weight regain (20% versus 4.5%). Conclusion These results show evidence for the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on eating-related psychopathology and weight outcomes in postbariatric surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Conceição
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | | | - Sofia Ramalho
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Félix
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Rita Vaz
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Beckers D, Karssen LT, Vink JM, Burk WJ, Larsen JK. Food parenting practices and children's weight outcomes: A systematic review of prospective studies. Appetite 2020; 158:105010. [PMID: 33075443 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review is the first to provide an overview of the prospective links between food parenting practices and children's weight outcomes. Three databases were searched. All titles, abstracts and full-texts were double screened by two independent reviewers. Peer-reviewed journal articles published after 1990 assessing the prospective association between food parenting practices and weight outcomes of children aged 2-18 years were eligible. A total of 38 eligible studies were identified, focusing on 12 separate food parenting practices. Restriction, pressure to eat, and monitoring were generally not associated with children's weight over time, but higher quality studies suggest that pressure to eat was associated with lower weight outcomes over time. Most studies on food availability and accessibility found null-findings as well. Instrumental-but not emotional-feeding was associated with higher weight over time, but higher quality studies are needed to confirm this link. Results involving the link between frequency of mealtime and child weight were mixed. Autonomy supporting and other structure-related food parenting practices were understudied. In conclusion, food parenting practices receiving the most attention within prospective studies (i.e., restriction, pressure to eat, monitoring) were generally not associated with children's weight outcomes over time. Future high quality studies should focus more on other food parenting practices, further unravel bidirectional links between food parenting and children's eating behaviors and weight outcomes, and examine the mediating role of dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desi Beckers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Levie T Karssen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - William J Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Clark-Sienkiewicz SM, Miller-Matero LR. An Investigation of Racial Disparities in Weight Loss Outcomes: Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 7:234-7. [PMID: 31667712 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to test if racial disparities in weight loss outcomes between African American and Caucasian patients who underwent bariatric surgery were due to pre-surgical BMI differences. METHODS Primary data was collected from pre-surgical evaluations conducted at a midwestern hospital. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 136 patients. Patient age and race, type of procedure, and pre- and 1-year post-surgical BMI were collected. RESULTS African American patients were less likely to undergo bariatric surgery compared with Caucasian patients. Caucasian patients undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) had a greater change in BMI compared with African American patients who underwent RYGB. Significant differences in weight loss outcomes were not found among patients who underwent the sleeve gastrectomy. Race was not related to pre-surgical BMI or procedure type. CONCLUSION Despite pre-surgical BMI typically being higher among African American patients, this was not found in the current study. Pre-surgical BMI may not explain the racial disparities in weight loss post-bariatric surgery that are found between African American and Caucasian patients. Future studies should consider psychosocial, environmental, and cultural influences on racial disparities.
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Abstract
There are numerous costs resulting from being overweight or obese. A relevant question is how to effectively reduce rates of obesity. I examine the effect of advice from a physician or heath care provider to lose weight on individual weight outcomes using survey data. I account for selection bias using a control function approach and rely on data restrictions to control for simultaneity. I find robust results indicating that advice has a significant effect on weight loss. Several studies suggest physicians may not adequately advise their patients about weight loss. The results of this paper highlight an important opportunity for physicians to advise at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Berning
- University of Georgia, Agricultural and Applied Economics, Conner Hall, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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Conceição E, Mitchell JE, Vaz AR, Bastos AP, Ramalho S, Silva C, Cao L, Brandão I, Machado PPP. The presence of maladaptive eating behaviors after bariatric surgery in a cross sectional study: importance of picking or nibbling on weight regain. Eat Behav 2014; 15:558-62. [PMID: 25213792 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maladaptive eating behaviors after bariatric surgery are thought to compromise weight outcomes, but little is known about their frequency over time. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the presence of subjective binge eating (SBE), objective binge eating (OBE) and picking and nibbling (P&N) before surgery and at different time periods postoperative, and their association with weight outcomes. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed a group of patients before surgery (n=61), and three post-operative groups: 1) 90 patients (27 with laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) and 63 with Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB)) assessed during their 6month follow-up medical appointment; 2) 96 patients (34 LAGB and 62 LRYGB) assessed during their one year follow-up medical appointment; and 3) 127 patients (62 LAGB and 55 LRYGB) assessed during their second year follow-up medical appointment. Assessment included the Eating Disorders Examination and a set of self-report measures. RESULTS In the first ten months after surgery fewer participants reported maladaptive eating behaviors. No OBEs were reported at 6months. SBE episodes were present in all groups. P&N was the most frequently reported eating behavior. Eating behavior (P&N) was significantly associated with weight regain, and non-behavioral variables were associated with weight loss. CONCLUSIONS This study is cross-sectional study which greatly limits the interpretation of outcomes and no causal association can be made. However, a subgroup of postoperative patients report eating behaviors that are associated with greater weight regain. The early detection of these eating behaviors might be important in the prevention of problematic outcomes after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Conceição
- University of Minho, School of Psychology, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - James E Mitchell
- University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, United States; Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 Eighth Street South, Fargo, ND 58103, United States
| | - Ana R Vaz
- University of Minho, School of Psychology, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana P Bastos
- University of Minho, School of Psychology, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ramalho
- University of Minho, School of Psychology, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cátia Silva
- University of Minho, School of Psychology, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Li Cao
- University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, United States; Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 Eighth Street South, Fargo, ND 58103, United States
| | - Isabel Brandão
- University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo P P Machado
- University of Minho, School of Psychology, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Messiah SE, Lopez-Mitnik G, Winegar D, Sherif B, Arheart KL, Reichard KW, Michalsky MP, Lipshultz SE, Miller TL, Livingstone AS, de la Cruz-Muñoz N. Changes in weight and co-morbidities among adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery: 1-year results from the Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013; 9:503-13. [PMID: 22542199 PMCID: PMC3416929 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is 1 of the few effective treatments of morbid obesity. However, the weight loss and other health-related outcomes for this procedure in large, diverse adolescent patient populations have not been well characterized. Our objective was to analyze the prospective Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database (BOLD) to determine the weight loss and health related outcomes in adolescents. The BOLD data are collected from 423 surgeons at 360 facilities in the United States. METHODS The main outcome measures included the anthropometric and co-morbidity status at baseline (n = 890) and at 3 (n = 786), 6 (n = 541), and 12 (n = 259) months after surgery. Adolescents (75% female; 68% non-Hispanic white, 14% Hispanic, 11% non-Hispanic black, and 6% other) aged 11 to 19 years were included in the present analyses. RESULTS The overall 1-year mean weight loss for those who underwent gastric bypass surgery was more than twice that of those who underwent adjustable gastric band surgery (48.6 versus 20 kg, P < .001). Similar results were found for all other anthropometric changes and comparisons within 1 year between surgery types (P < .001). In general, the gastric bypass patients reported more improvement than the adjustable gastric band patients in co-morbidities at 1 year after surgery. A total of 45 readmissions occurred among gastric bypass patients and 10 among adjustable gastric band patients, with 29 and 8 reoperations required, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The weight loss at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery is approximately double in adolescent males and females who underwent gastric bypass surgery versus those who underwent adjustable gastric band surgery. Bariatric surgery can safely and substantially reduce weight and related co-morbidities in morbidly obese adolescents for ≥1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Messiah
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
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Gomez-Meade CA, Lopez-Mitnik G, Messiah SE, Arheart KL, Carrillo A, de la Cruz-Muñoz N. Cardiometabolic health among gastric bypass surgery patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. World J Diabetes 2013; 4:64-69. [PMID: 23772274 PMCID: PMC3680625 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the effect of gastric bypass surgery on cardiometabolic health among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
METHODS: Retrospective medical chart review identified women (n = 389) with PCOS who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery from 2001-2009 in one surgical practice. Separate repeated measures linear mixed models were fit using the MIXED procedure to assess mean change in cardiometabolic disease risk factors from before to 1-year after surgery and were evaluated by ethnicity [Hispanic, non-Hispanic black (NHB) and white (NHW)].
RESULTS: The majority of the sample was Hispanic (66%, 25% NHB, 9% NHW). Mean body mass index significantly improved 1 year post-surgery for all ethnic groups (45.5 to 35.5 kg/m2 for Hispanics, 46.8 to 37.7 kg/m2 for NHB and 45.7 to 36.7 kg/m2 for NHW, P < 0.001). Among Hispanic women mean total cholesterol (198.1 to 160.2 mg/dL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol (120.9 to 91.0 mg/dL), triglycerides (148.6 to 104.8 mg/dL), hemoglobin A1c (6.2% to 5.6%), alanine aminotransferase (28.1 to 23.0 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (23.5 to 21.6 U/L) decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Among NHB, mean total cholesterol (184.5 to 154.7 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (111.7 to 88.9 mg/dL) and triglycerides (99.7 to 70.0 mg/dL) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Among NHW, mean total cholesterol (200.9 to 172.8 mg/dL) and LDL cholesterol (124.2 to 96.6 mg/dL), decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Pairwise ethnic group comparisons of all cardiometabolic outcomes adjusted for age and type of surgery before and 1 year after surgery showed no statistical difference between the three groups for any outcome.
CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic disease risk improvements vary by ethnicity and obesity may impact glucose tolerance and liver function changes more in Hispanic women with PCOS vs non-Hispanic women.
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