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Rojano-Ortega D, Moya-Amaya H, Berral-Aguilar AJ, Baratto P, Molina-López A, Berral-de la Rosa FJ. Development and validation of new bioelectrical impedance equations to accurately estimate fat mass percentage in a heterogeneous Caucasian population. Nutr Res 2024; 123:80-87. [PMID: 38281320 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fat mass percentage (%FM) is frequently determined by nutritionists and personal trainers with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices. The aims of the present study were: (1) to develop new regression equations using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference method for estimating %FM in a heterogeneous Caucasian population with a foot-to-hand device (BIA-101) and a hand-to-hand device (BIA-TELELAB) and (2) to compare the new equations with the manufacturers' equations. We hypothesized that the new equations would lead to more accurate estimations compared with DXA. A total of 218 healthy Caucasian participants aged 18 to 65 years were divided into a development group and a validation group. The accuracy of the different equations was assessed by mean differences, coefficient of determination, standard error of the estimate (SEE), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. The proposed equation for BIA-101 explained 90.0% of the variance in the DXA-derived %FM, with a low random error (SEE = 2.98%), excellent agreement (ICC = 0.94), no fixed bias, and relatively low individual variability (5.86%). For BIA-TELELAB, the proposed equation explained 88.0% of the variance in the DXA-derived %FM, with a low random error (SEE = 3.27%), excellent agreement (ICC = 0.93), no fixed bias, and relatively low individual variability (6.37%). The results obtained for the manufacturers' equations confirm that these equations are not a good option for %FM assessment. As hypothesized, the new regression equations for BIA-101 and BIA-TELELAB devices can accurately estimate %FM in a heterogeneous Caucasian population with a broad age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojano-Ortega
- CTS-595 Research Group. Department of Informatics and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Heliodoro Moya-Amaya
- CTS-595 Research Group. Department of Informatics and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Molina-López
- CTS-595 Research Group. Department of Informatics and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Nutrition of Udinese Calcio, Udine, Italy
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de Morais NDS, Azevedo FM, de Freitas Rocha AR, Morais DDC, Ribeiro SAV, Gonçalves VSS, do Carmo Castro Franceschini S, Priore SE. Body Fat Is Superior to Body Mass Index in Predicting Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2074. [PMID: 36767439 PMCID: PMC9915438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess adiposity is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study is to compare cardiometabolic risk factors in eutrophic adolescents with a high body fat percentage (%BF) with eutrophic adolescents with adequate %BF and those with excess weight and %BF. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 1043 adolescents. This study presented power equal to 99.75%. Body fat and anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators were evaluated. Participants were grouped according to body composition classified by body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 4.0.2, adopting a significance level of 5%. The Mann-Whitney test, principal components analysis and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS It was observed that the SG was more similar to GC2 than to GC1 for both sexes, demonstrating that there was a greater similarity between these groups in relation to the evaluated factors. Higher values for TC, SBP and TG were associated with the SG when the CG1 was used as reference, controlled for sex and age. Likewise, higher TC values and lower levels of SBP, TG and LDL were related to SG when the CG2 was used as reference. CONCLUSION Body fat assessment is more effective in predicting risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases than BMI alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dayane de Castro Morais
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Eloiza Priore
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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Yang Y, Han X, Chen Z, Li X, Zhu X, Yuan H, Huang Z, Zhou X, Du Q. Bone mineral density in children and young adults with idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:149-166. [PMID: 36450863 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoporosis is a risk factor for idiopathic scoliosis (IS) progression, but it is still unclear whether IS patients have bone mineral density (BMD) loss and a higher risk of osteoporosis than asymptomatic people. This systematic review aims to explore the differences in BMD and prevalence of osteoporosis between the IS group and the control group. METHODS We searched 5 health science-related databases. Studies that were published up to February 2022 and written in English and Chinese languages were included. The primary outcome measures consisted of BMD z score, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia, and areal and volumetric BMD. Bone morphometry, trabecular microarchitecture, and quantitative ultrasound measures were included in the secondary outcome measures. The odds ratio (OR) and the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to pool the data. RESULTS A total of 32 case-control studies were included. The pooled analysis revealed significant differences between the IS group and the control group in BMD z score (WMD -1.191; 95% CI - 1.651 to -0.732, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significance in both female (WMD -1.031; 95% CI -1.496 to -0.566, p < 0.001) and male participants (WMD -1.516; 95% CI -2.401 to -0.632, p = 0.001). The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in the group with IS was significantly higher than in the control group (OR = 6.813, 95% CI 2.815-16.489, p < 0.001; OR 1.879; 95% CI 1.548-2.281, p < 0.000). BMD measures by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography showed a significant decrease in the IS group (all p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the speed of sound measured by quantitative ultrasound between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Both the male and female IS patients had a generalized lower BMD and an increased prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis than the control group. Future research should focus on the validity of quantitative ultrasound in BMD screening. To control the risk of progression in IS patients, regular BMD scans and targeted intervention are necessary for IS patients during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Chongming, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengquan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Chongming Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zefan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. .,Chongming Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Bim MA, Pinto ADA, de Angelo HCC, Gonzaga I, Guimarães ACDA, Felden ÉPG, de Carvalho WRG, Hind K, Pelegrini A. Relationship between body composition and bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14108. [PMID: 36348662 PMCID: PMC9637351 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period characterized by large accumulation of bone mass. Body composition is an important determinant of bone mass. This study aimed to assess the relationship of bone mass with lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) in normal-weight and overweight adolescents with consideration of sex, sexual maturation and physical activity covariates. A total of 118 adolescents (60 girls and 58 boys) aged between 10 and 14 years participated in the study. Individuals were classified as normal weight or overweight according to body mass index. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), LM, and FM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In normal-weight adolescents, LM (β = 0.725, p < 0.001) and FM (β = 0.185, p = 0.019) were associated with lumbar spine BMC, whereas in overweight adolescents only LM (β = 0.736, p < 0.001) was associated with lumbar spine BMC. Furthermore, in the normal-weight group, FM and LM were associated with total body less head BMD (LM, β = 0.792, p < 0.001; FM, β = 0.257, p = 0.007) and lumbar spine BMD (LM, β = 0.553, p < 0.001; FM, β = 0.199, p < 0.035). In the overweight group, only LM was associated with total body less head BMD (β = 0.682, p < 0.001) and lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.528, p < 0.001). LM was the main predictor of bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents. FM was associated with bone mass in normal-weight adolescents only. LM may be considered an important and useful marker in adolescents, when investigating bone health in this population. Activities that promote LM gain to reduce the risk of bone fractures and diseases in adulthood are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isadora Gonzaga
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karen Hind
- Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Eriksson Hogling D, Bäckdahl J, Thorell A, Rydén M, Andersson DP. Metabolic Impact of Body Fat Percentage Independent of Body Mass Index in Women with Obesity Remission After Gastric Bypass. Obes Surg 2020; 30:1086-1092. [PMID: 31832934 PMCID: PMC7347509 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Body mass index (BMI) is central when evaluating treatment effect after gastric bypass. The metabolic impact of BMI-independent differences in body fat percentage (BF%) after gastric bypass is not fully understood. We compared metabolic and adipose tissue characteristics in women with high versus low BF% independent of BMI after obesity remission following gastric bypass. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cohort of 215 women was included at baseline. A total of 166 women were re-examined 2 years after gastric bypass, whereof 130 had obesity remission (BMI < 30 kg/m2). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and lipids were measured. Total and regional body fat mass was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (M value). Adipocyte size and number were determined. RESULTS Of the 130 women with obesity remission, 64 had BF% ≥ 35 and 65 < 35. Independent of BMI, high BF% were associated with higher HOMA-IR (P = 0.021), lower M value (P = 0.0046), higher triglycerides (P = 0.013), higher visceral/total and android/gynoid fat mass ratios (P = 0.0032 and 0.0003 respectively), and larger subcutaneous fat cell volume (P < 0.0001) 2 years after gastric bypass. No differences in anthropometric measures, glucose, blood pressure, or fat cell number were observed. CONCLUSIONS Independent of BMI, patients with higher BF% displayed lower insulin sensitivity, higher triglyceride levels, central fat distribution, and larger subcutaneous adipocytes 2 years after gastric bypass. Thus, determination of BF% provides additional information of metabolic characteristics at follow-up of non-obese patients after gastric bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eriksson Hogling
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bäckdahl
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital & Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 116 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel P. Andersson
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The relationships between both dietary and empty body fatty acid composition and the morphometry, densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur of growing pigs were analysed. A total of thirty-two pigs aged 115 d were divided into four groups (n 8 per group). The pigs were fed either a control diet (group C) or a diet supplemented with linseed oil (rich in α-linolenic acid (C18 : 3n-3), group L), fish oil (rich in EPA (C20 : 5n-3) and DHA (C22 : 6n-3), group F) and beef tallow (rich in SFA, group T). The diets differed in n-3 PUFA contents (0·63-18·52 g/kg) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios (0·91-14·51). At 165 d of age, the pigs were slaughtered and the fatty acids in the empty body were determined. Moreover, the left femur was dissected. The cortical wall thickness, cross-sectional area, cortical index, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, maximum elastic strength and maximum strength were lower (P<0·05) in the femurs of pigs from groups C and T than in those from groups F and L. Significant positive correlations were found between the densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur and both dietary and empty body n-3 PUFA content, whereas significant negative correlations were observed between the same properties and both dietary and empty body n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The results of the present study suggest that in growing pigs α-linolenic acid has a similar positive effect on bone health to that of EPA and DHA.
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Skiba G, Sobol M, Raj S. Bone mineralisation, mechanical properties and body phosphorus content in growing gilts as affected by protein or feed intake during depletion-repletion periods. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:478-491. [PMID: 30324824 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1527145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of feed or protein depletion-repletion on phosphorus balance, and bone characteristics was studied on 70 growing pigs from 90 to 168 d of age. During depletion period (90-118 d of age), C pigs were fed semi ad libitum (95% ad libitum intake) on control diet; FR pigs (feed-restricted group) consumed 40% less of control diet compared to C pigs; PR pigs (protein-restricted group) were fed semi ad libitum a low-protein diet containing 40% less protein than control diet. During repletion period (119-168 d of age), daily allowances for C pigs were equal of 95% ad libitum intake. Remaining pigs consumed a control diet at the same amount as C pigs. Pigs were slaughtered at 90 d of age ("zero" animals, n = 7), following seven animals from each group at d 118, 146 and 168 of age. At 118 d of age, phosphorus content in the body was lower (p < 0.001) in FR than C and PR pigs. Lower phosphorus deposition and utilisation was observed in FR animals. Humerus in FR pigs was lighter, had lower mineral content and density, but had greater stiffness than in PR and C pigs. During repletion period, FR pigs deposited more phosphorus and had better phosphorus utilisation than C and PR pigs. Humerus mineral density was greater in FR and PR than in C pigs. Humerus strength was the highest in PR pigs, and the lowest in FR pigs. Humerus stiffness was greater in PR than in C and FR pigs. In conclusion, during depletion period feed restriction affects bone growth more than protein restriction, and bone strength is less sensitive, than other bone characteristics, to feed restriction. Reductions in measured bone indices observed after lower feed intake can be fully compensated during the repletion period and resulted mainly from better utilisation of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Skiba
- a The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | - Monika Sobol
- a The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | - Stanisława Raj
- a The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
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Sobol M, Raj S, Skiba G. Inulin supplementation reduces the negative effect of a high-fat diet rich in SFA on bone health of growing pigs. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:1111-8. [PMID: 29759107 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet, rich in SFA, causes deterioration of bone properties. Some studies suggest that feeding inulin to animals may increase mineral absorption and positively affect bone quality; however, these studies have been carried out only on rodents fed a standard diet. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of inulin on bone health of pigs (using it as an animal model for humans) fed a high-fat diet rich in SFA, having an unbalanced ratio of lysine:metabolisable energy. It was hypothesised that inulin reduces the negative effects of such a diet on bone health. At 50 d of age, twenty-one pigs were randomly allotted to three groups: the control (C) group fed a standard diet, and two experimental (T and TI) groups fed a high-fat diet rich in SFA. Moreover, TI pigs consumed an extra inulin supply (7 % of daily feed intake). After 10 weeks, whole-body bone mineral content (P=0·0054) and bone mineral density (P=0·0322) were higher in pigs of groups TI and C compared with those of group T. Femur bone mineral density was highest in pigs in group C, lower in group TI and lowest in group T (P=0·001). Femurs of pigs in groups TI and C had similar, but higher, maximum strength compared with femurs of pigs in group T (P=0·0082). In conclusion, consumption of a high-fat diet rich in SFA adversely affected bone health, but inulin supplementation in such a diet diminishes this negative effect.
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Eriksson Hogling D, Rydén M, Bäckdahl J, Thorell A, Arner P, Andersson DP. Body fat mass and distribution as predictors of metabolic outcome and weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:936-942. [PMID: 29705562 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains the most effective treatment of obesity and associated co-morbidities. Body fat distribution associates with metabolic function. OBJECTIVE To investigate if preoperative body fat mass and distribution measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) predict weight loss and metabolic outcome after RYGB, and to compare predictive value of DXA with simple anthropometric measures. SETTING Four Swedish hospitals within the Stockholm area. METHODS Two hundred fifteen women scheduled for RYGB were included. Evaluations before and 2 years after RYGB included determination of insulin sensitivity by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, blood pressure, plasma lipids, and anthropometric measures, such as waist-to-hip-ratio and fat percentage estimated by formula. Body fat mass and distribution were determined by DXA. RESULTS Follow-up rate was 77.2% (n = 166). All clinical, anthropometric, and DXA measures were improved/reduced postsurgery (all P<.0001). Android/gynoid fat mass ratio and waist-to-hip-ratio predicted improved homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P = .0028 and .0014), independently of body mass index and age. Body fat percentage, measured by DXA or estimated by formula, predicted percent weight loss (P<.0001 and .0083). Body mass index predicted percent weight loss and percent excess body mass index lost (P = .0022 and<.0001). DXA and anthropometric measures performed equally as predictors, except for DXA measured fat percentage that was slightly better than formula estimated. CONCLUSION DXA provided predictive values similar to those by basic anthropometric measures, suggesting a limited additional value of preoperative DXA to predict metabolic improvement and weight loss after RYGB in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eriksson Hogling
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bäckdahl
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Martin Holguera R, Turrion Nieves AI, Rodriguez Torres R, Alonso MC. The effects of truncal adiposity in forced spirometry: Sex differences. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 247:167-173. [PMID: 29111228 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current paper is to establish the influence of truncal fat accumulation on the spirometric results of a group of healthy individuals. A cross-sectional study of 305 healthy, non-smoking adult subjects (144 males, 161 females) was conducted. Forced spirometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to quantify body fat were performed. Partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. In females, abdominal fat was negatively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). In males, thoracic fat was negatively correlated with respiratory variables, as was abdominal fat. In the multiple linear regression, FEV1 was the spirometric parameter that showed higher R2 values in both sexes. Truncal fat had a greater influence on FEV1 than on FVC. In males, no significant differences between the influence of thoracic and abdominal fat on spirometric results were found, and total body fat was shown to have more influence than regional. In females, the influence of abdominal fat was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martin Holguera
- Departamento de Cirugía y ciencias médico sociales, Unidad docente de Anatomía y Embriología humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Isabel Turrion Nieves
- Departamento de Cirugía y ciencias médico sociales, Unidad docente de Anatomía y Embriología humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna. Servicio de ESI-Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Rodriguez Torres
- Departamento de Cirugía y ciencias médico sociales, Unidad docente de Anatomía y Embriología humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Unidad docente de Matemáticas, Edificio Politécnico, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Cossio-Bolaños M, de Arruda M, Sulla Torres J, Urra Albornoz C, Gómez Campos R. Development of equations and proposed reference values to estimate body fat mass among Chilean children and adolescents. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2017; 115:453-461. [PMID: 28895692 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2017.eng.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The assessment of body composition is relevant to establish nutritional status and identify potential health risks. OBJETIVE a) To develop regression equations to predict fat mass (FM) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as reference method; b) to propose reference FM values based on chronological and biological age for Chilean children and adolescents. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study in children and adolescents aged 5.0 to 18.9 years from the Maule Region (Chile). The sample was made up of 3593 subjects in a probabilistic fashion (stratified). Subjects' weight, standing height, sitting height, and waist circumference were assessed. Body mass index and age at peak development velocity (APGV) were estimated. Body composition (FM, fat-free mass, bone mass, and fat percentage) were established based on a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. RESULTS APGV (biological age) was 14.9 ± 0.9 years among boys and 11.5 ± 0.7 among girls. Equations were developed to estimate FM among boys and girls using chronological age, APGV, and waist circumference as predictors. Percentiles were estimated to assess FM by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and regression equations. CONCLUSION Equations were acceptable to establish FM; in addition, reference values were proposed to assess FM based on chronological and biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cossio-Bolaños
- Facultad de Educación Física, Universidad Estadual de Campiñas, Sao Paulo, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile. .,Instituto de Deporte Universitario, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Miguel de Arruda
- Facultad de Educación Física, Universidad Estadual de Campiñas, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Camilo Urra Albornoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud. Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
| | - Rossana Gómez Campos
- Facultad de Educación Física, Universidad Estadual de Campiñas, Sao Paulo, Brasil.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
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Tungjai M, Kaewjaeng S, Jumpee C, Sriburee S, Hongsriti P, Tapanya M, Maghanemi U, Ratanasthien K, Kothan S. Bone mineral density at distal forearm in men over 40 years of age in Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand: a pilot study. Aging Male 2017; 20:170-174. [PMID: 28480789 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1322058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis in the distal forearm among Thai men over 40 years of age in Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. METHODS The subjects in this study were 194 Thai men, aged between 40 and 87 years who resided in Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Self-administered questionnaires were used for receiving the demographic characteristics information. BMD was measured by peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the nondominant distal forearm in all men. RESULTS The BMD was highest in the age-group 40-49 years and lowest in the age-group 70-87 years. The average T-score at the distal forearm was also highest in the age-group 40-49 years and lowest in the age-group 70-87 years. The BMD decreased as a function of age-group (p < .05). In contrast, the BMD increased as a function of weight (p < .05). Height had weak impact on the BMD in the distal forearm (p > .05). The percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis are increased as a function of age-group in, while decreased in that of normal bone density. CONCLUSIONS We found the prevalence of osteoporosis in men who resided in Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montree Tungjai
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Siriprapa Kaewjaeng
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Chayanit Jumpee
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sompong Sriburee
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Pongsiri Hongsriti
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Monruedee Tapanya
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Utumma Maghanemi
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Kwanchai Ratanasthien
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Suchart Kothan
- a Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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Yap N, Wong P, McGinn S, Nery ML, Doyle J, Wells L, Clifton-Bligh P, Clifton-Bligh RJ. Femoral Neck X-Ray Absorptiometry Parameters and Peripheral Quantitative Computer Tomography Tibial Cortical Density Predict Survival in Dialysis Patients. Nephron Clin Pract 2017; 136:183-192. [PMID: 28319943 DOI: 10.1159/000460262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a known independent predictor of mortality in the general elderly population. However, studies in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are limited. The present study evaluated mortality during long-term follow-up in a population of patients having dialysis for ESRD, in whom BMD was also measured. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with ESRD were recruited consecutively from a dialysis clinic and followed prospectively for 6 years. Baseline BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN) were measured by X-ray absorptiometry and by peripheral quantitative CT at the radius and tibia. Serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and albumin were measured at baseline. RESULTS During follow-up, 25 patients died. Univariate analysis showed that mortality was significantly associated with FN-BMD: hazards ratio (HR) per 0.1 g/cm2 decrease 1.50 (95% CI 1.07-2.10), p = 0.019; FN-T score: HR per 1-SD decrease 1.84 (95% CI 1.16-2.92), p = 0.009; and tibial cortical density: HR per 10 mg/cm3 decrease 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.14), p = 0.010. In multivariate analysis with stepwise adjustment for age, sex, transplant status, albumin, PTH, phosphate, dialysis duration, diabetes, and smoking, FN-T score remained significantly associated with mortality: HR per 1-SD decrease 1.82 (95% CI 1.02-3.24), p = 0.044, whereas the HR for FN-BMD and tibial cortical density were no longer significant. When 4 patients who had peritoneal dialysis were excluded, the HR relating FN-BMD, FN-T score, and tibial cortical density to mortality remained significant but became insignificant when albumin was included in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Reduced FN-BMD, FN-T score, and tibial cortical density were significantly associated with an increased risk of death in patients with ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Yap
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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14
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Duckham RL, Masud T, Taylor R, Kendrick D, Carpenter H, Iliffe S, Morris R, Gage H, Skelton DA, Dinan-Young S, Brooke-Wavell K. Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of community group and home-based falls prevention exercise programmes on bone health in older people: the ProAct65+ bone study. Age Ageing 2015; 44:573-9. [PMID: 25906791 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND exercise can reduce osteoporotic fracture risk by strengthening bone or reducing fall risk. Falls prevention exercise programmes can reduce fall incidence, and also include strengthening exercises suggested to load bone, but there is little information as to whether these programmes influence bone mineral density (BMD) and strength. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the skeletal effects of home (Otago Exercise Programme, OEP) and group (Falls Exercise Management, FaME) falls prevention exercise programmes relative to usual care in older people. METHODS men and women aged over 65 years were recruited through primary care. They were randomised by practice to OEP, FaME or usual care. BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) and structural properties were measured in Nottingham site participants before and after the 24-week intervention. RESULTS participants were 319 men and women, aged mean(SD) 72(5) years. Ninety-two percentage of participants completed the trial. The OEP group completed 58(43) min/week of home exercise, while the FaME group completed 39(16) and 30(24) min/week of group and home exercise, respectively. Femoral neck BMD changes did not differ between treatment arms: mean (95% CI) effect sizes in OEP and FaME relative to usual care arm were -0.003(-0.011,0.005) and -0.002(-0.010,0.005) g cm(-2), respectively; P = 0.44 and 0.53. There were no significant changes in BMD or BMC at other skeletal sites, or in structural parameters. CONCLUSIONS falls prevention exercise programmes did not influence BMD in older people. To increase bone strength, programmes may require exercise that exerts higher strains on bone or longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Duckham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK Present Address: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Tahir Masud
- Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Denise Kendrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hannah Carpenter
- Department of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steve Iliffe
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Morris
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heather Gage
- School of Economics, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susie Dinan-Young
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Skiba G, Weremko D, Sobol M, Raj S. Bone mineralisation of weaned piglets fed a diet free of inorganic phosphorus and supplemented with phytase, as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Arch Anim Nutr 2015; 69:267-75. [PMID: 26062598 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2015.1054163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen female piglets (58 d of age, 16.8 ± 0.8 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to two groups (n = 8) and received until day 100 of age (50.3 ± 1.2 kg BW) ad libitum either a diet with a standard (diet C) or low (diet L) total phosphorus (P) content (5.38 and 4.23 g/kg, respectively). Diet C was supplemented with mineral P (1.15 g/kg) and did not contain microbial phytase. Diet L did not contain any inorganic P but 750 FTU/kg of microbial phytase. Despite these treatments, both diets were composed with the same ingredients. Body mineralisation of each gilt was assessed by determining the bone mineral content (BMC), area bone mineral density (BMD) by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at days 58, 72, 86 and 100 of age. Feeding diet L caused a higher P digestibility (p = 0.008) measured from days 72 to 86 of age and at 100 days of age a higher BMC and BMD (p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, the gilts of group L deposited more minerals in the body than control pigs (by 2.4 g/d, p = 0.008). It was found that BMD and BMC were positively correlated with body lean mass and digestible P intake. The results indicated that, even for very young pigs, the addition of microbial phytase instead of inorganic P increases the amount of digestible P covering the requirements of piglets for proper bone mineralisation. Furthermore, it was proved that the DXA method can be successfully applied to measure body fat and lean mass contents as well as bone mineralisation of growing pigs using the same animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Skiba
- a Department of Protein and Energy Metabolism , The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
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Misawa M, Nitta N, Shirasaki Y, Hayashi K, Kosaka R, Hyodo K, Numano T, Homma K, Kuribayashi S, Fujihara Y, Hoshi K. Characteristic X-ray absorptiometry applied to the assessment of tissue-engineered cartilage development. J Xray Sci Technol 2015; 23:489-502. [PMID: 26410660 DOI: 10.3233/xst-150504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmission and tomographic X-ray measurements are useful in assessing bone structures, but only a few studies have examined cartilage growth because of the poor contrast in conventional X-ray imaging. OBJECTIVE In this study, we attempted to use the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) as a metric of tissue-engineered cartilage development, which would be useful in high-throughput screening of cartilage products. METHODS Assuming that the LAC is related to the amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of the density and its atomic components, we measured X-ray absorption through tissue-engineered cartilage constructs. Characteristic X-ray beams from a molybdenum microfocus X-ray tube were employed to avoid beam hardening. The correlation of the LAC with mechanical properties was analyzed for verification. RESULTS The LAC was higher for chondrocyte constructs and lower for fibroblast-dominant constructs and was consistent with the quantification of toluidine blue staining, which is a proof of ECM production. The LAC was positively correlated with the bending modulus but negatively correlated with the dynamic elastic modulus and stiffness, possibly because of the remaining scaffold. CONCLUSIONS The LAC has the potential to be used as a metric of development of tissue-engineered cartilage. However, the calcified regions should be excluded from analysis to avoid decreasing the correlation between the LAC and the amount of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Misawa
- Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naotaka Nitta
- Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Shirasaki
- Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Kosaka
- Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Hyodo
- Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Numano
- Department of Radiological Science, Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Homma
- Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shota Kuribayashi
- Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujihara
- Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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