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Choy CC, Johnson W, Braun JM, Soti-Ulberg C, Reupena MS, Naseri T, Savusa K, Lupematasila VF, Arorae MS, Tafunaina F, Unasa F, Duckham RL, Wang D, McGarvey ST, Hawley NL. Associations of childhood BMI traits with blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin in 6-9-year-old Samoan children. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13112. [PMID: 38439600 PMCID: PMC11081844 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence and risk factors for elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure (BP) are poorly understood among Pacific children. We examined associations of HbA1c and BP in 6-9 year-olds with body mass index (BMI) at ages 2, 5, and BMI velocity between 2-9 years in Samoa. METHODS HbA1c (capillary blood) and BP were measured in n = 410 Samoan children who were part of an ongoing cohort study. Multilevel models predicted BMI trajectory characteristics. Generalized linear regressions assessed associations of childhood characteristics and BMI trajectories with HbA1c and BP treated as both continuous and categorical outcomes. Primary caregiver-reported childhood characteristics were used as covariates. RESULTS Overall, 12.90% (n = 53) of children had high HbA1c (≥5.7%) and 33.17% (n = 136) had elevated BP. BMI at 5-years and BMI velocity were positively associated with high HbA1c prevalence in males. A 1 kg/m2 per year higher velocity was associated with a 1.71 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.75) times higher prevalence of high HbA1c. In females, higher BMI at 5-years and greater BMI velocity were associated with higher BP at 6-9 years (95% CI: 1.12, 1.40, and 1.42, 2.74, respectively). CONCLUSION Monitoring childhood BMI trajectories may inform cardiometabolic disease screening and prevention efforts in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C. Choy
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New, Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - William Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | | | | | - Take Naseri
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Kima Savusa
- Samoa Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations (OLaGA) Study Group
| | | | | | - Faatali Tafunaina
- Samoa Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations (OLaGA) Study Group
| | - Folla Unasa
- Samoa Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations (OLaGA) Study Group
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western, Health, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, 128 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New, Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Warmath CR, Choy CC, McGarvey ST, Sherar LB, Duckham RL, Soti-Ulberg C, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Wang D, Hawley NL. Child, family and household characteristics associated with physical activity in Samoan children aged 3-8 years: A cross-sectional study. PLOS Glob Public Health 2024; 4:e0002886. [PMID: 38630845 PMCID: PMC11023467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is a key component of many obesity prevention strategies. The aim of this analysis was to identify child, family, and household characteristics associated with parent-reported physical activity in Samoan children aged 3-8 years. Children (n = 445; 51.2% female, mean age 5.4 years) were part of an ongoing, mixed-longitudinal study of child growth, development, and wellbeing (the Ola Tuputupua'e cohort). Bivariate analyses and multivariate generalized linear regressions were conducted to investigate the relationship of child, family, and household characteristics with physical activity level, measured using the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ). Children were classified as being 'highly active' if they had NPAQ scores in the 75th percentile or above. Among the n = 111 children classified as 'highly active', n = 67 (60.4%) were boys. After adjusting for child, family, and household-level characteristics, hours of child sleep per night was the only variable significantly associated with odds of being highly active. Compared to children who slept less than 9 hours at night, those who slept 10-10.99 hours (OR: 5.97, 95% CI: 2.14-18.13) and 11+ hours (OR: 25.75, 95% CI: 8.14-90.12) had higher odds of being 'highly active'. Future research should examine the mechanisms driving the relationship between nighttime sleep and physical activity among Samoan children. Intervening on sleep duration and quality may improve physical activity and, in turn, obesity risk in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara R. Warmath
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Courtney C. Choy
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Lauren B. Sherar
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Hawley NL, Zarei P, Crouter SE, Desai MM, Pomer A, Rivara AC, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Viali S, Duckham RL, McGarvey ST. Accelerometer-Based Estimates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Among Samoan Adults. J Phys Act Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38621669 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity-related cardiometabolic disease in Samoa is among the highest globally. While physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for obesity-related disease, little is known about physical activity levels among adult Samoans. Using wrist-worn accelerometer-based devices, this study aimed to characterize physical activity among Samoan adults. METHODS Samoan adults (n = 385; 55% female, mean [SD] age 52 [10] y) wore Actigraph GT3X+ devices for 7 to 10 days. General linear models were used to examine mean daily minutes of sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity by various participant characteristics. RESULTS Time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity did not differ statistically between men (88 [5] min; 95% confidence interval [CI], 80-97) and women (78 [4] min; 95% CI, 70-86; P = .08). Women, however, spent more time than men in light physical activity: 380 (7) minutes (95% CI, 367-393) versus 344 (7) minutes (95% CI, 329-358; P < .001). While there were no differences in physical activity by census region, education, or occupation among women, men in urban areas spent significantly less time in moderate to vigorous physical activity than those in peri-urban and rural areas (P = .015). Women with class II/III obesity spent more time in sedentary activities than those with healthy weight or overweight/class I obesity (P = .048). CONCLUSIONS This study characterizes physical activity among Samoan adults and highlights variation by sex, urbanicity, and weight status. In providing initial device-measured estimates of physical activity in Samoa, this analysis establishes a baseline from which the success of future attempts to intervene on physical activity may be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Parmida Zarei
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott E Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mayur M Desai
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna C Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rachel L Duckham
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Leadership Effectiveness and Outcomes (CLEO), Digital Health Division, The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology and International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Duckham RL, Webster T, See K. The development and implementation of the Northern Health lung cancer digital care pathway: a case study in service change. AUST HEALTH REV 2024; 48:AH23279. [PMID: 38432683 DOI: 10.1071/ah23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This case study details the approach utilised to establish an easy to use, accessible and sustainable method for routine collection of Patient Reported Outcome Measures for patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer. We sought to enhance communication with patients and their families, particularly around shared decision making, their quality of life and symptoms, as well as the impacts of their care or treatment. We detail the co-design methodology utilised with consumers and healthcare providers to develop and implement a multi-lingual, fully automated digital care pathway which has been proven to be highly impactful and powerful for both healthcare providers working within the service and consumers enrolled within the digital pathway. This innovative initiative has changed the practice of the lung cancer service across a health service. Furthermore, its success has evolved the organisational strategy, to embed 'Outcomes for Impact' across the health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Duckham
- Clinical Leadership Effectiveness and Outcomes (CLEO), Northern Health, 185 Cooper Street, Epping, Vic. 3076, Australia; and Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Vic. 3021, Australia; and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia
| | - Tracey Webster
- Clinical Leadership Effectiveness and Outcomes (CLEO), Northern Health, 185 Cooper Street, Epping, Vic. 3076, Australia
| | - Katharine See
- Clinical Leadership Effectiveness and Outcomes (CLEO), Northern Health, 185 Cooper Street, Epping, Vic. 3076, Australia; and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Northern Health, Epping, Vic. 3076, Australia
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Oyama S, Duckham RL, Pomer A, Rivara AC, Kershaw EE, Wood A, Fidow UT, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Viali S, McGarvey ST, Hawley NL. Association between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk among Samoan adults. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23982. [PMID: 37668413 PMCID: PMC10845161 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies suggest that early menarche may increase cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Yet few studies have examined this association in the Pacific Islands, where obesity prevalence is among the highest globally. We sought to examine associations between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk in Samoa. METHODS Participants were from the Soifua Manuia study (n = 285, age 32-72 years) conducted in Samoa from 2017 to 2019. Logistic regressions were conducted to estimate odds of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome per one-year increase in age at menarche. Linear regressions were conducted to examine associations between age at menarche and continuous measures of adiposity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and serum lipids. RESULTS Median age at menarche was 14 years (IQR = 2). After controlling for relevant covariates, each one-year increase in age at menarche was associated with a 15% decrease (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-1.01, p = .067) in odds of hypertension, but a 21% increase (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.45, p = .044) in odds of diabetes and 18% increase (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.98-1.42, p = .081) in odds of high total cholesterol. Each additional year in age at menarche was associated with a 1.60 ± 0.52 kg (p = .002) decrease in lean mass and 1.56 ± 0.51 kg (p = .003) decrease in fat-free mass. CONCLUSIONS Associations between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk may be population-specific and are likely influenced by both current and historical nutritional and epidemiological contexts. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of childhood adiposity and other early life exposures on age at menarche and subsequent cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Oyama
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Department of Medicine, Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashlee Wood
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ulai T Fidow
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Apia, Samoa
| | | | | | | | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Livingstone KM, Milte C, Bowe SJ, Duckham RL, Ward J, Keske MA, McEvoy M, Brayner B, Abbott G. Reply-Letter to the Editor-Associations between three diet quality indices, genetic risk and body composition: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2023:S0261-5614(23)00146-2. [PMID: 37230850 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Livingstone
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Catherine Milte
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Deakin University, Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
| | - Joey Ward
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Mark McEvoy
- The University of Newcastle, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, Australia; La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia.
| | - Barbara Brayner
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
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Choy CC, Johnson W, Duckham RL, Naseri T, Soti-Ulberg C, Reupena MS, Braun JM, McGarvey ST, Hawley NL. Prediction of fat mass from anthropometry at ages 7 to 9 years in Samoans: a cross-sectional study in the Ola Tuputupua'e cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:495-502. [PMID: 36624192 PMCID: PMC7614464 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE With increasing obesity prevalence in children globally, accurate and practical methods for quantifying body fat are critical for effective monitoring and prevention, particularly in high-risk settings. No population is at higher risk of obesity than Pacific Islanders, including children living in the independent nation of Samoa. We developed and validated sex-specific prediction models for fat mass in Samoan children. SUBJECTS/METHODS Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessments of fat mass and weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds were obtained from 356 children aged 7-9 years old in the Ola Tuputupua'e "Growing Up" study. Sex-specific models were developed from a randomly selected model development sample (n = 118 females, n = 120 males) using generalized linear regressions. In a validation sample (n = 59 females; n = 59 males), Lin's concordance and Bland-Altman limits-of-agreement (LoA) of DXA-derived and predicted fat mass from this study and other published models were examined to assess precision and accuracy. RESULTS Models to predict fat mass in kilograms were: e^[(-0.0034355 * Age8 - 0.0059041 * Age9 + 1.660441 * ln (Weight (kg))-0.0087281 * Height (cm) + 0.1393258 * ln[Suprailiac (mm)] - 2.661793)] for females and e^[-0.0409724 * Age8 - 0.0549923 * Age9 + 336.8575 * [Weight (kg)]-2 - 22.34261 * ln (Weight (kg)) [Weight (kg)]-1 + 0.0108696 * Abdominal (cm) + 6.811015 * Subscapular (mm)-2 - 8.642559 * ln (Subscapular (mm)) Subscapular (mm)-2 - 1.663095 * Tricep (mm)-1 + 3.849035]for males, where Age8 = Age9 = 0 for children at age 7 years, Age8 = 1 and Age9 = 0 at 8 years, Age8 = 0 and Age9 = 1 at 9 years. Models showed high predictive ability, with substantial concordance (ρC > 0.96), and agreement between DXA-derived and model-predicted fat mass (LoA female = -0.235, 95% CI:-2.924-2.453; male = -0.202, 95% CI:-1.977-1.572). Only one of four existing models, developed in a non-Samoan sample, accurately predicted fat mass among Samoan children. CONCLUSIONS We developed models that predicted fat mass in Samoans aged 7-9 years old with greater precision and accuracy than the majority of existing models that were tested. Monitoring adiposity in children with these models may inform future obesity prevention and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C Choy
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - William Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Take Naseri
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Ministry of Health, Ififi Street, Motootua, Apia, Samoa
| | | | | | - Joseph M Braun
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, 128 Hope Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Heinsberg LW, Hawley NL, Duckham RL, Pomer A, Rivara AC, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Weeks DE, McGarvey ST, Minster RL. Validity of anthropometric equation-based estimators of fat mass in Samoan adults. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23838. [PMID: 36428275 PMCID: PMC10023273 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 1999, a set of highly accurate Polynesian-specific equations to estimate adult body fat from non-invasive field measures of age, sex, height, and weight (Equation 1), age, sex, height, weight, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) resistance (Equation 2), and age, sex, height, weight, and the sum of two skinfold thicknesses (Equation 3) were published. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the equation-based estimators in a sample of Samoan adults recruited 20 years later between 2017 and 2019. METHODS Age, sex, height, weight, BIA resistance, skinfold thickness, and fat mass as measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were available for 432 Samoan adults (mean age 50.9 years, 56% female) seen in 2017/2019. We compared equation-derived fat mass and DXA-derived fat mass using scatterplots and Pearson correlation coefficients. We then updated the equation coefficient estimates in a training set (2/3 of the sample) and evaluated the performance of the updated equations in a testing set (the remaining 1/3 of the sample). RESULTS Equation-derived fat mass was strongly correlated with DXA-derived fat mass for Equation (1) (r2 = 0.95, n = 432), Equation (2) (r2 = 0.97, n = 425), and Equation (3) (r2 = 0.95, n = 426). Updating the equation coefficient estimates resulted in mostly similar coefficients and nearly identical testing set performance for Equation (1) (r2 = 0.96, n = 153), Equation (2) (r2 = 0.98, n = 150), and Equation (3) (r2 = 0.96, n = 150). CONCLUSIONS The Polynesian-specific body fat estimation equations remained stable despite changing social and environmental factors and marked increase in obesity prevalence in Samoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey W. Heinsberg
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), the University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C. Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- International Health Institute and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Choy CC, Lupematasila VF, Arorae MS, Tafunaina F, Unasa F, Soti-Ulberg C, Reupena MS, Duckham RL, Faasalele-Savusa K, Naseri T, Hawley NL. Prevalence of malnutrition among Samoan children aged 5 to 11 years in 2019-2020. Ann Hum Biol 2023; 50:200-205. [PMID: 37166449 PMCID: PMC10214481 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2197298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, rapid economic development, urbanisation, and nutrition transitions have led to rising levels of malnutrition in all forms. AIM The study objective was to document the prevalence of overweight/obesity, underweight, stunting, and anaemia among Samoan children in 2019-2020. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Children from the Ola Tuputupua'e "Growing Up" in Samoa study at ages 5-11 years with complete physical assessments were included. Overweight/obesity, underweight, and stunting were classified using World Health Organisation Z-scores for body mass index-for-age (BMIZ> +1), weight-for-age (WAZ< -2SD), and height-for-age (HAZ< -2SD), respectively. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin concentration <11.5 g/dL. Prevalence was compared by child age, sex, and census region of residence (representing urbanicity and exposure to nutrition transition) using Wilcoxon two-sample, Chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight/obesity, underweight, stunting, and anaemia was 36.2%, 0.5%, 1.6%, and 31.6%, respectively. Overweight/obesity in children was positively associated with age and highly prevalent in periurban and urban regions. While children living in the rural region with the lowest exposure to nutrition transition had the highest prevalence of mild-to-moderate stunting, anaemia prevalence was lower compared to those in the urban region. No sex differences in malnutrition were observed. CONCLUSION Moderate-to-high levels of overweight/obesity and anaemia call for comprehensive intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C Choy
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Faatali Tafunaina
- Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Folla Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | | | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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10
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Hawley NL, Duckham RL, Carlson JC, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Lameko V, Pomer A, Wetzel A, Selu M, Lupematisila V, Unasa F, Vesi L, Fatu T, Unasa S, Faasalele-Savusa K, Rivara AC, Russell E, Delany JP, Viali S, Kershaw EE, Minster RL, Weeks DE, McGarvey ST. The protective effect of rs373863828 on type 2 diabetes does not operate through a body composition pathway in adult Samoans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2468-2476. [PMID: 36284436 PMCID: PMC10111239 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to understand whether the paradoxical association of missense variant rs373863828 in CREB3 regulatory factor (CREBRF) with higher BMI but lower odds of diabetes is explained by either metabolically favorable body fat distribution or greater fat-free mass. METHODS This study explored the association of the minor allele with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition in n = 421 Samoans and used path analysis to examine the mediating role of fat and fat-free mass on the relationship between rs373863828 and fasting glucose. RESULTS Among females, the rs373863828 minor A allele was associated with greater BMI. There was no association of genotype with percent body fat, visceral adiposity, or fat distribution in either sex. In both females and males, lean mass was greater with each A allele: 2.16 kg/copy (p = 0.0001) and 1.73 kg/copy (p = 0.02), respectively. Path analysis showed a direct negative effect of rs373863828 genotype on fasting glucose (p = 0.004) consistent with previous findings, but also an indirect positive effect on fasting glucose operating through fat-free mass (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of rs373863828 in CREBRF, common among Pacific Islanders, on type 2 diabetes does not operate through body composition. Rather, the variant's effects on body size/composition and fasting glucose likely operate via different, tissue-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abigail Wetzel
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melania Selu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Folla Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Lupesina Vesi
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Tracy Fatu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Seipepa Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Anna C. Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James P. Delany
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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11
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Macpherson H, Brownell S, Harris E, Duckham RL, O’Connell S, Meyer BJ, Mirzaee S, Daly RM. Effects of a 6-Month Multifaceted Diet and Exercise Intervention on Cognition in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: The PONDER Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:247-263. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multidomain interventions which incorporate exercise and dietary supplementation to target both cognitive and physical health domains may be an important approach to delay cognitive decline. Objective: The Protein Omega-3 aNd vitamin D Exercise Research (PONDER) study investigated the effects of a 6-month multifaceted intervention in community-dwelling older adults with subjective memory impairment on cognition (primary outcome), physical function, and body composition with a further 6-month follow up for cognition (secondary outcomes). Methods: Single-center, community-based, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving a 6-month multifaceted intervention with a further follow-up at 12 months. A total of 147 participants [mean age 70.2 years (SD 6.1), 70% female] were randomized to a multimodal exercise program consisting of twice-weekly supervised resistance and aerobic training, combined with a daily omega-3 (900 mg EPA, 600 mg DHA), vitamin D (1000 IU) and protein (20 g) supplement (n = 73), or a control condition (n = 74) comprising stretching/flexibility sessions combined with a placebo. The primary outcome was a composite CogState measure and Trail-Making Test B-A. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in the change of cognition at 6 or 12 months or physical function outcomes at 6 months, but the intervention significantly improved total lean mass compared to controls [0.72 kg (95% CI 0.26–1.19), p = 0.001]. Conclusion: A multi-faceted intervention including an omega-3, vitamin D and protein-enriched supplement with twice-weekly exercise training did not provide any benefits to cognitive or physical function in older adults with subjective memory impairment, despite improvements in lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Brownell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stella O’Connell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Science, Molecular Horizons, Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Mirzaee
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, MonashHEART, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M. Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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12
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Livingstone KM, Milte C, Bowe SJ, Duckham RL, Ward J, Keske MA, McEvoy M, Brayner B, Abbott G. Associations between three diet quality indices, genetic risk and body composition: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1942-1949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Choy CC, Howe CJ, Soti-Ulberg C, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Duckham RL, Hawley NL. Is overweight or obesity associated with anemia in children? Follow-up of Samoans in the Ola Tuputupua'e "Growing Up" study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:144-150. [PMID: 35256305 PMCID: PMC9636893 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, there is growing evidence of a double burden of malnutrition with obesity coexisting alongside micronutrient deficiencies across the life course. An emergent double burden poses a threat to health during childhood in Samoa: among 2-4-year-olds with overweight/obesity, 42.9% were anemic. Previous research suggests that obesity-related inflammation may increase the risk of iron deficiency or anemia in children. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether overweight/obesity at 2-4 is associated with anemia at 3.8-6 years old among Samoan children. METHODS Data were obtained from the Ola Tuputupua'e "Growing Up" cohort study. Overweight/obesity at 2-4 years old was classified by body mass index-for-age Z-score > +2 SD. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 110 g/L for under 5-year-olds and < 115 g/L for 5-6-year-olds. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for anemia at 3.8-6 years old were estimated by fitting modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS In our sample of 197 children, 16.24% (n = 32) were affected by overweight/obesity at 2-4 years old and 26.90% (n = 53) had anemia at 3.8-6 years old. After covariate adjustment, the prevalence of anemia was 18% lower among children with overweight/obesity at 2-4 years old compared to those without (PR:0.82; 95% CI:0.42-1.63); however, the corresponding confidence interval was imprecise and inclusive of a higher prevalence. CONCLUSIONS There was not strong evidence to support a relationship between overweight/obesity and anemia in Samoan children, suggesting that obesity-related inflammation may not be related to iron deficiency nor anemia in this setting. Further investigation of the antecedents of overweight/obesity and anemia is critical to inform integrated action to improve health in Samoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C Choy
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chanelle J Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Ififi Street, Motootua, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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14
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Rivara AC, Corley M, Choy CC, Duckham RL, Pomer A, Reupena MS, Viali S, Naseri T, Kershaw EE, Crouter S, McGarvey ST, Bribiescas RG, Valeggia C, Hawley NL. C-reactive protein in adult Samoans: Population variation and physiological correlates. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23646. [PMID: 34260111 PMCID: PMC8758804 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk in many populations but remains remarkably understudied in Pacific Islander populations. Here, we provide the first examination of correlates of CRP in adult Samoans (n = 108, ages 35-55 years) to test the hypotheses that CRP exhibits sex-dependent associations with measures of BMI, adiposity, and cardiometabolic disease risks. METHODS We analyzed associations between measures of adiposity (total fat mass, visceral fat mass, percent total body fat), body mass index (BMI), cardiometabolic risks, behaviors, demographics, and CRP. Unadjusted analyses of CRP were undertaken using Pearson's pairwise, and Spearman's rank correlations; one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed variables by CRP quartiles. Adjusted analyses of CRP correlates were examined using generalized linear regression. RESULTS Serum CRP ranged from 0.08 to 13.3 mg/L (median 1.4 mg/L) and varied significantly by sex t (108) = -2.47, p = .015. CRP was weakly to moderately associated with measures of adiposity and BMI (r and ρ ranged between 0.25 and 0.50, p < .05) and some cardiometabolic markers (including HbA1c, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance). CRP was significantly associated with percent body fat in women and men, adjusting for other variables. CONCLUSIONS These data are among the first to demonstrate CRP correlates in a sample of adult Samoans. CRP differed by sex and was associated with BMI, adiposity, and some cardiometabolic risk markers. These data align with findings in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret Corley
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Courtney C Choy
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia,Department of General Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Harris DM, Duckham RL, Daly RM, Abbott G, Johnson L, Rantalainen T, Teo WP. Development of a Parkinson's disease specific falls questionnaire. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:614. [PMID: 34717574 PMCID: PMC8557480 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls are a major health burden for older adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but there is currently no reliable questionnaire to capture the circumstances and consequences of falls in older adults with PD. This study aimed to develop a PD-specific falls questionnaire and to evaluate its test-retest reliability in older adults with PD. Methods A novel PD-specific falls questionnaire (PDF-Q) was developed in two modes (online and paper-based version) and used to assess falls and near-falls events over the past 12-months. Questions were agreed upon by an expert group, with the domains based on previous falls-related questionnaires. The questions included the number and circumstances (activities, location and direction) of falls and near-falls, and consequences (injuries and medical treatment) of falls. The PDF-Q was distributed to 46 older adults with PD (online n = 30, paper n = 16), who completed the questionnaire twice, 4 weeks apart. Kappa (κ) statistics were used to establish test-retest reliability of the questionnaire items. Results Pooled results from both questionnaires for all participants were used to assess the overall test-retest reliability of the questionnaire. Questions assessing the number of falls (κ = 0.41) and the number of near-falls (κ = 0.51) in the previous 12-months demonstrated weak agreement, while questions on the location of falls (κ = 0.89) and near-falls (κ = 1.0) demonstrated strong to almost perfect agreement. Questions on the number of indoor (κ = 0.86) and outdoor (κ = 0.75) falls demonstrated moderate to strong agreement, though questions related to the number of indoor (κ = 0.47) and outdoor (κ = 0.56) near-falls demonstrated weak agreement. Moderate to strong agreement scores were observed for the most recent fall and near-fall in terms of the direction (indoor fall κ = 0.80; outdoor fall κ = 0.81; near-fall κ = 0.54), activity (indoor fall κ = 0.70; outdoor fall κ = 0.82; near-fall κ = 0.65) and cause (indoor fall κ = 0.75; outdoor fall κ = 0.62; near-fall κ = 0.56). Conclusions The new PDF-Q developed in this study was found to be reliable for capturing the circumstances and consequences of recent falls and near-falls in older adults with PD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02555-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale M Harris
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. .,First Year College, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Liam Johnson
- Physiotherapy Department, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Warmath CR, Choy CC, Frame EA, Sherar LB, Duckham RL, Soti-Ulberg C, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Hawley NL. Comparability of The Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire with Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity in Samoan Children: A Retrospective Analysis of Ola Tuputupua'e Data. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8438. [PMID: 34444185 PMCID: PMC8391931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of physical activity is critical to understand its role in cardiometabolic health and obesity development in children and to monitor trends in behavior and evaluate interventions. An ongoing mixed-longitudinal study of child growth and development in Samoa is collecting physical activity data with both accelerometers and the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ). The aims of our analyses were to (1) describe the response frequency and correlations of individual questions in the NPAQ, (2) develop modified NPAQ scores with selected questions and (3) examine the concordance of modified NPAQ scores with accelerometer outcomes among children aged 2-4 years. We developed two modified NPAQ scores with combinations of questions and assessed concordance of the modified scores with accelerometer data using estimated marginal means adjusted for monitor wear time. Although the evenly distributed tertiles of the modified 15-point NPAQ score showed promising trends of increasing minutes of accelerometer-assessed high-intensity physical activity with increasing tertile, the estimated marginal means were imprecise with high variance, demonstrating that NPAQ score could not accurately assess physical activity levels of preschool-aged children in Samoa. Considering that questionnaires are often considered more cost-effective tools for physical activity measurement than accelerometry, further research is necessary to develop a culturally and age-appropriate physical activity questionnaire in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara R. Warmath
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (C.R.W.); (C.C.C.); (T.N.)
| | - Courtney C. Choy
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (C.R.W.); (C.C.C.); (T.N.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Frame
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Lauren B. Sherar
- Center for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (C.R.W.); (C.C.C.); (T.N.)
- Ministry of Health, Ififi Street, Motootua, Apia, Samoa;
| | | | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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17
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Livingstone KM, Tan MH, Abbott G, Duckham RL, Croft L, Ward J, McEvoy M, Keske MA, Austin C, Bowe SJ. Discovery Genome-Wide Association Study of Body Composition in 4,386 Adults From the UK Biobank's Pilot Imaging Enhancement Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:692677. [PMID: 34239500 PMCID: PMC8259458 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.692677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Body composition (fat, skeletal muscle and bone mass) is an important determinant of overall health and risk of endocrine disorders such as type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Although diet and physical activity are strongly implicated, body composition is also heritable. We conducted a discovery genome-wide association study on 31 phenotypes from the three-compartment body composition model (fat, lean and bone mass) in a set of 4 386 individuals (n = 2 109 males, n = 2 294 females) from the UK Biobank pilot imaging enhancement program that underwent a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for assessment of body composition and genetic screening. From 6 137 607 imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) we identified 17 body composition loci (P<5.0 x 10-8). GWAS from the combined dataset identified four statistically significant SNPs (rs7592270, rs145972737, rs13212044, rs77772562). In sex-stratified GWAS, 10 male specific SNPs across all traits were identified and five female specific SNPs. Of the 17 SNPs, six were in or close to a gene where there was a plausible functional connection. Three SNPs (rs7592270, rs77772562 and rs7552312) were correlated with obesity phenotypes, one SNP (rs2236705) with lean phenotypes and two with bone mass phenotypes (rs112098641 and rs113380185). These results highlight candidate genes and biological pathways related to body composition, including glucose metabolism and estrogen regulation, that are of interest to replicate in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mun Hua Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Larry Croft
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark McEvoy
- La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle A. Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Austin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven J. Bowe
- Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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18
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Oyama S, Duckham RL, Arslanian KJ, Kershaw EE, Strayer JA, Fidow UT, Naseri T, Hawley NL. Body size and composition of Samoan toddlers aged 18-25 months in 2019. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:346-349. [PMID: 34340601 PMCID: PMC9912174 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1951351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "Foafoaga O le Ola (Beginning of Life)" study is a prospective birth cohort of n = 160 Samoan mother-infant dyads established in 2017-2018. A primary study aim is to explore how a missense variant at CREBRF rs373863828 impacts growth in early life, given its association with increased body size but lower risk of diabetes in adult Samoans. Here, we examine body size and composition by genotype among toddlers aged 18.7-24.5 months. METHODS Height, weight, head circumference, mid-upper-arm circumference, and abdominal circumference, as well as subscapular, triceps, iliac crest and thigh skinfold thickness were measured among 107 toddlers with known rs373863828 genotype; 42 of these toddlers completed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans from which body composition (total body less head fat mass, lean mass, bone mass, % fat mass and % fat-free mass) was estimated. RESULTS After controlling for sex and age, toddlers with at least one copy of the CREBRF minor allele (AA/AG) were 1.31 cm taller (SE = 0.64, p = 0.045) than toddlers with the GG genotype. CONCLUSION Whether greater linear growth in early childhood could contribute to the metabolically protective effects associated with the CREBRF variant in adulthood should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Oyama
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria,Department of General Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, AUS
| | - Kendall J. Arslanian
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joshua A. Strayer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ulai T. Fidow
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Samoa National Health Services, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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19
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Duckham RL, Hawley NL, Rodda C, Rantalainen T, Hesketh KD. The skeletal maturity of Australian children aged 10-13 years in 2016. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:150-152. [PMID: 33870814 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1909137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal maturity can be used as a biological indicator of the tempo of growth in children and adolescents. We present a description of skeletal maturity from a cohort of white Australian children and describe variation in skeletal maturity based on child age. Participants (n = 71; age 10.5-13.9 years) were recruited from the 'Healthy, Active Preschool & Primary Years (HAPPY)' study. Left hand-wrist radiographs were used to determine skeletal maturity using the Tanner-Whitehouse III (TW3) RUS technique. In boys, the mean skeletal maturity offset (bone age - chronological age) was -0.12 ± 0.19 years and 57.9% had delayed skeletal maturity compared to chronological age. Among those with delayed skeletal maturity, the average delay was 0.99 years (range 0.02-2.54 years). In girls, skeletal age was advanced, on average, compared to chronological age by 0.32 ± 0.20 years. Among the 39.4% of girls with delayed skeletal maturity, the average delay was 0.48 years (range: 0.01-2.28). Four children in the sample exhibited a delay in skeletal maturity greater than 2 years. In the context of secular trends towards advanced skeletal maturity observed globally, delayed skeletal maturation in this white, economically privileged cohort are surprising and warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Christine Rodda
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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20
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Erhardt R, Cardoso BR, Meyer BJ, Brownell S, O'Connell S, Mirzaee S, Duckham RL, Macpherson H. Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Are They Beneficial for Physical and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults? J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:454-461. [PMID: 33786562 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is equivocal evidence about beneficial properties of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) for older adults. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between circulating ω-3 LCPUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels and their corresponding dietary intakes with cognition and physical function in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults at risk of dementia. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 142 community-dwelling older adults (60-85 years) with subjective memory complaints. Erythrocyte fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) and the omega-3 index were measured; dietary DHA and EPA were assessed with a LCPUFA specific questionnaire. Cognition was measured using the Cogstate computerised battery and Trail-making tests. Muscle strength was assessed by grip strength and physical function via the four-square step test, 30-second sit-to-stand, timed up-and-go test, and 4-m walk test. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between erythrocyte ω-3 LCPUFA, dietary intake, cognitive and physical function. RESULTS Higher dietary DHA and EPA were associated with better global cognitive function (DHA: β=0.164, p=0.042; EPA: β=0.188, p=0.020). Higher dietary EPA was associated with better attention/psychomotor composite scores (β=0.196, p=0.024), mobility (four-square step test: β=-0.202, p=0.015) and gait speed (4m walk test: β=-0.200, p=0.017). No associations were found between erythrocyte ω-3 LCPUFA and cognitive or functional performance measures. CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling older adults with subjective memory complaints, higher dietary ω-3 LCPUFA intake was associated with better cognitive and physical function, supporting the evidence that ω-3 fatty acids play a role in optimising physical and cognitive health during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Erhardt
- Barbara R Cardoso, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia;
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21
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Arslanian KJ, Fidow UT, Atanoa T, Unasa-Apelu F, Naseri T, Wetzel AI, Pomer A, Duckham RL, McGarvey ST, Strayer JA, Kershaw EE, Weeks DE, Hawley NL. A missense variant in CREBRF, rs373863828, is associated with fat-free mass, not fat mass in Samoan infants. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:45-55. [PMID: 32884101 PMCID: PMC8329753 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In Samoa, where 80% of the adult population is living with obesity, understanding the determinants of adiposity and growth during infancy may inform prevention efforts. We examined the association of a missense variant, rs373863828, in the CREBRF gene with body composition in Samoan infants. Adults with one or more copies of the rs373863828 minor allele (A) have higher odds of obesity, based on body-mass index (BMI), but paradoxically decreased odds of diabetes compared to those without the allele. Our study may offer novel insight into the natural history and pathogenesis of this unexpected relationship. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a prospective study, we measured body composition in early infancy, and at 2- and 4-months of age using anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We genotyped subjects at the CREBRF rs373863828 locus and compared infants with (AA/AG) and without (GG) the variant. In longitudinal analyses, we calculated the absolute change in each outcome from the early infant to the 4-month assessment, adjusting for baseline and other covariates. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, there was no significant difference in infant BMI or fat mass by genotype. After adjusting for covariates, infants with the variant had 4.0 ± 1.8 g more bone mass (p = 0.026) and 210.9 ± 79.6 g more lean mass (p = 0.009) at 4-months and accumulated 176.9 ± 73.0 g more lean mass between the early infant and 4-month assessment (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The CREBRF rs373863828 minor allele (A) was not associated with increased BMI or adiposity in Samoan infants, but instead with increased lean and bone mass. Our findings suggest that lean (i.e., muscle) and bone mass accretion should be explored as pathways to explain the "protective" effect of the CREBRF variant against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Arslanian
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - U T Fidow
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Samoa National Health Services, Apia, Samoa
| | - T Atanoa
- Community Studies Program, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - F Unasa-Apelu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - T Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | - A I Wetzel
- International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R L Duckham
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Australia
| | - S T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J A Strayer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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22
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Arslanian KJ, Fidow UT, Atanoa T, Naseri T, Duckham RL, McGarvey ST, Choy C, Hawley NL. Effect of maternal nutrient intake during 31-37 weeks gestation on offspring body composition in Samoa. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:587-596. [PMID: 32892647 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1820078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy dietary intake may be associated with newborn body composition, a predictor of future obesity. In Samoa, an energy-dense diet contributes to an alarming prevalence of adult obesity. Identifying associations between pregnancy nutrition and infant body composition in this setting may guide strategies to mitigate intergenerational transmission of obesity risk. AIM To examine dietary macro- and micronutrient intake of Samoan women during the third trimester of pregnancy and associations with infant body composition. SUBJECTS AND METHODS At 34-41 weeks of gestation, we measured dietary intake from the prior month using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured infant body composition at 1-14 days. We used multivariable linear regression models accounting for confounders to identify independent effects of nutrient intake on infant body composition. RESULTS After adjusting for maternal body mass index, age, gravidity, infant age, and sex, a respective 0.2 g increase and 0.2 g decrease in infant bone mass was associated with fibre and saturated fat intake. Increased protein intake was associated with 0.02 g decrease in bone mass. CONCLUSIONS While maternal dietary intake was not associated with infant adiposity or lean mass, we observed an effect on bone mass whose role in regulating metabolic health is overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulai T Fidow
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Samoa National Health Services, Apia, Samoa
| | - Theresa Atanoa
- Community Studies Program, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Medicine, St. Albans, Australia
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Departments of Epidemiology and Anthropology, International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Courtney Choy
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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23
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Choy CC, Wang D, Naseri T, Soti-Ulberg C, Reupena MS, Duckham RL, Baylin A, Hawley NL. Longitudinal Assessment of Childhood Dietary Patterns: Associations with Body Mass Index z-Score among Children in the Samoan Ola Tuputupua'e (Growing Up) Cohort. Child Obes 2020; 16:534-543. [PMID: 32907355 PMCID: PMC7575349 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Intervention strategies to prevent childhood obesity in the Pacific Islands encourage eating a variety of local and traditional foods, but context-specific data to support this approach are limited. The objective was to assess the association between 2-year adherence to modern and neotraditional dietary patterns and body mass index z-scores (BMIz) among Samoan children. Methods: A convenience sample of 214 Samoan biological mother-child dyads who participated in the Ola Tuputupua'e "Growing Up" cohort study in 2015 and 2017 was included. At each time point, modern and neotraditional dietary patterns were identified using food frequency data and factor analysis. Children were assigned to categories based on diet pattern adherence: consistently high, high to low, low to high, and consistently low. Associations between 2-year adherence to dietary patterns, BMIz (in 2017 and 2015-2017), and weight and height z-scores were examined using linear models adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Consistently high adherence to the modern pattern was associated with a 0.36 standard deviation (SD)-adjusted change in BMIz between 2015 and 2017 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04-0.69, p = 0.03). While the estimates for the individual components of BMI were imprecise, on average, children with consistently high adherence to the modern pattern had a 0.13 SD greater change in weight z-score (95% CI: -0.10 to 0.37) and 0.15 SD lower change in height z-score (95% CI: -0.43 to 0.13). The change in BMIz between 2015 and 2017 did not significantly differ by adherence to the neotraditional pattern. Conclusion: A neotraditional dietary pattern, comprising local produce, should be encouraged as a possible childhood obesity prevention strategy in Samoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C. Choy
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Take Naseri
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Samoa Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa
| | | | | | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Medicine, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Address correspondence to: Nicola L. Hawley, PhD, Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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24
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Heinsberg LW, Bui CN, Hartle JC, Sereika SM, Choy CC, Wang D, Soti-Ulberg C, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Duckham RL, Park JJ, Hawley NL, Deziel NC. Estimated Dietary Bisphenol-A Exposure and Adiposity in Samoan Mothers and Children. Toxics 2020; 8:toxics8030067. [PMID: 32887300 PMCID: PMC7560430 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Pacific Island nation of Samoa is marked by prevalent obesity and an increasing dependence on packaged foods likely to contain the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA). We evaluated participant- and household-level characteristics associated with estimated dietary BPA exposure in Samoan mothers and their children and examined associations between dietary BPA exposure and body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC). Dietary BPA exposure indices were estimated for 399 mother-child pairs by combining information from dietary questionnaires and relative concentrations of BPA measured in foods/beverages. We observed moderate to strong correlation between mother-child daily BPA indices (Spearman's rho = 0.7, p < 0.0001). In mothers, we observed lower daily BPA indices in those who were less physically active (p = 0.0004) and living in homes with higher income (p = 0.00001). In children, we observed lower daily BPA indices in those living in homes with higher income (p = 0.0003) and following a less modern dietary pattern (p = 0.002), and higher daily BPA indices in those who were less physically active (p = 0.02). No significant associations were observed between daily BPA indices and BMI or AC. Despite this, the application of the daily BPA index identified factors associated with dietary BPA exposure and warrants further examination in Samoa and other understudied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey W. Heinsberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina N.N. Bui
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (C.N.N.B.); (N.C.D.)
| | - Jennifer C. Hartle
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, College of Health and Human Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Susan M. Sereika
- Department of Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Courtney C. Choy
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02120, USA;
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa; (C.S.-U.); (T.N.)
| | | | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| | - Jennifer J. Park
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (J.J.P.); (N.L.H.)
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (J.J.P.); (N.L.H.)
| | - Nicole C. Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (C.N.N.B.); (N.C.D.)
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25
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Hyde NK, Duckham RL, Wark JD, Brennan-Olsen SL, Hosking SM, Holloway-Kew KL, Pasco JA. The Association Between Muscle Mass and Strength in Relation to Bone Measures in a Paediatric Population: Sex-Specific Effects. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:121-125. [PMID: 32361901 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-puberty, bone mass displays clear sex-specific patterns. However, research has suggested that a sexual dimorphism in bone mass is evident in younger children and is likely attributable to differences in lean mass. Thus, we aimed to determine whether the association with both overall muscle mass and/or muscle strength was different between the sexes in a paediatric population. Participants were recruited as part of the Vitamin D in Pregnancy Study, Australia. There were 209/402 (52.3%) children at the 11-year follow-up, and 172 had complete data. Children were assessed for bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and lean mass by DXA (Lunar). Handgrip strength (kg) was measured using a dynamometer (JAMAR). Linear regression models were adjusted for height, weight, age and pubertal stage. In adjusted models, including both muscle strength and lean mass, the observed association differed between boys and girls. At the spine in boys, BMC and BMD were associated with muscle strength (β 0.34 [95%CI 0.09-0.59] and 0.008 [95%CI 0.003-0.014]; respectively) but not total muscle mass. However, muscle mass was associated with BMC and BMD at the total body (less head). In girls, spine BMC and BMD were associated with total lean mass (β 0.95 [95%CI 0.61-1.3] and β 0.01 [95%CI 0.005-0.02], respectively), with a similar pattern of association with total body (less head) measures. Muscle mass and strength appear to have sexually dimorphic effects on bone mass in school-aged children. These findings should be replicated in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Hyde
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Bone and Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah M Hosking
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Julie A Pasco
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
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26
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Hawley NL, Pomer A, Rivara AC, Rosenthal SL, Duckham RL, Carlson JC, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Selu M, Lupematisila V, Unasa F, Vesi L, Fatu T, Unasa S, Faasalele-Savusa K, Wetzel AI, Soti-Ulberg C, Prescott AT, Siufaga G, Penaia C, To SB, LaMonica LC, Lameko V, Choy CC, Crouter SE, Redline S, Deka R, Kershaw EE, Urban Z, Minster RL, Weeks DE, McGarvey ST. Exploring the Paradoxical Relationship of a Creb 3 Regulatory Factor Missense Variant With Body Mass Index and Diabetes Among Samoans: Protocol for the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) Observational Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e17329. [PMID: 32706746 PMCID: PMC7413272 DOI: 10.2196/17329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Samoa, like many other Pacific Island nations, has reached epidemic proportions. Although the etiology of these conditions can be largely attributed to the rapidly changing economic and nutritional environment, a recently identified genetic variant, rs373863828 (CREB 3 regulatory factor, CREBRF: c.1370G>A p.[R457Q]) is associated with increased odds of obesity, but paradoxically, decreased odds of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The overarching goal of the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) study was to precisely characterize the association of the CREBRF variant with metabolic (body composition and glucose homeostasis) and behavioral traits (dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, and weight control behaviors) that influence energy homeostasis in 500 adults. METHODS A cohort of adult Samoans who participated in a genome-wide association study of adiposity in Samoa in 2010 was followed up, based on the presence or absence of the CREBRF variant, between August 2017 and March 2019. Over a period of 7-10 days, each participant completed the main study protocol, which consisted of anthropometric measurements (weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds), body composition assessment (bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), point-of-care glycated hemoglobin measurement, a fasting blood draw and oral glucose tolerance test, urine collection, blood pressure measurement, hand grip strength measurement, objective physical activity and sleep apnea monitoring, and questionnaire measures (eg, health interview, cigarette and alcohol use, food frequency questionnaire, socioeconomic position, stress, social support, food and water insecurity, sleep, body image, and dietary preferences). In January 2019, a subsample of the study participants (n=118) completed a buttock fat biopsy procedure to collect subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. RESULTS Enrollment of 519 participants was completed in March 2019. Data analyses are ongoing, with results expected in 2020 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS While the genetic variant rs373863828, in CREBRF, has the largest known effect size of any identified common obesity gene, very little is currently understood about the mechanisms by which it confers increased odds of obesity but paradoxically lowered odds of type 2 diabetes. The results of this study will provide insights into how the gene functions on a whole-body level, which could provide novel targets to prevent or treat obesity, diabetes, and associated metabolic disorders. This study represents the human arm of a comprehensive and integrated approach involving humans as well as preclinical models that will provide novel insights into metabolic disease. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/17329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anna C Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samantha L Rosenthal
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Melania Selu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Folla Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Lupesina Vesi
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Tracy Fatu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Seipepa Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Abigail I Wetzel
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Angela T Prescott
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gloria Siufaga
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Corina Penaia
- Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sophie B To
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lauren C LaMonica
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Courtney C Choy
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Scott E Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Susan Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Thompson AA, Duckham RL, Desai MM, Choy CC, Sherar LB, Naseri T, Soti-Ulberg C, Reupena MS, Wetzel AI, Hawley NL. Sex differences in the associations of physical activity and macronutrient intake with child body composition: A cross-sectional study of 3- to 7-year-olds in Samoa. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12603. [PMID: 31925928 PMCID: PMC7060109 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity is prevalent among children in the Pacific Islands, but its aetiology is poorly understood. Few studies have considered body composition in addition to body mass index-based measures. OBJECTIVES To describe body composition among Samoan children and determine sex-specific associations among dietary intake, physical activity, and body composition. METHODS Body composition (percent body fat [%BF], lean mass, and trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio) of n = 83 Samoan children (3-7 y) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Children completed 7 days of objective physical activity monitoring. Mothers reported child nutritional intake using a 115-item food frequency questionnaire. Stepwise generalized linear regression was used to determine independent associations of nutritional intake and physical activity with body composition. RESULTS Samoan children had higher average %BF than reported among other ethnic groups but lower trunk-to-peripheral fat ratios. In sex-stratified analyses, quartile of carbohydrate intake was negatively associated with %BF (β = -2.02 SE = 0.58; P < .001) in girls only. Among boys, physical activity (quartile of accelerometer counts per minute) was negatively associated with %BF (β = -1.66 SE = 0.55; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in the associations among nutritional intake, physical activity, and body composition may be important to consider as interventions are developed to address overweight/obesity among Samoan children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery A. Thompson
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mayur M. Desai
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Courtney C. Choy
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lauren B. Sherar
- Center for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | | | | | - Abigail I. Wetzel
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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28
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Hinkley T, Timperio A, Watson A, Duckham RL, Okely AD, Cliff D, Carver A, Hesketh KD. Prospective associations with physiological, psychosocial and educational outcomes of meeting Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:36. [PMID: 32151254 PMCID: PMC7063763 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several countries have released movement guidelines for children under 5 that incorporate guidelines for sleep, physical activity and sedentary behavior. This study examines prospective associations of preschool children’s compliance with the 24-Hour Australian movement guidelines (sleep, physical activity, screen time) and physiological, psychosocial and educational outcomes during primary school. Methods Data were from the Healthy Active Preschool and Primary Years Study (Melbourne, Australia; n = 471; 3–5 years; 2008/9). Follow-ups occurred at 3 (2011/12; 6–8 years), 6 (2014/15; 9–11 years) and 7 (2016; 10–12 years) years post baseline. Multiple regression models assessed associations between compliance with guidelines at baseline and later outcomes. Results Children were 4.6 years at baseline (53% boys; 62% high socio-economic families). Most children met physical activity (89%) and sleep (93%) guidelines; 23% met screen-time guidelines; and 20% met all guidelines at baseline. Meeting all of the three guidelines was associated with lower BMI z-scores at 9–11 years of age (b = − 0.26, 95%CI -0.47, − 0.05). Meeting physical activity guidelines was associated with higher total body bone mineral density (b = 0.64, 95%CI 0.15, 1.13), and total body bone mineral content (b = 183.19, 95%CI 69.92, 296.46) at 10–12 years of age. Meeting sleep guidelines was associated with better reading (b = 37.60, 95%CI 6.74, 68.46), spelling (b = 34.95, 95%CI 6.65, 63.25), numeracy (b = 39.09, 95%CI 11.75, 66.44), language (b = 44.31, 95%CI 11.77, 76.85) and writing (b = 25.93, 95%CI 0.30, 51.57) at 8–9 years of age. No associations were evident for compliance with screen-time guidelines or for psychosocial outcomes. Conclusions Compliance with different movement behavior guidelines was associated with different outcomes. Strategies to support children in meeting all of the guidelines are warranted to maximize health and educational outcomes. Future research investigating dose-response associations, and potential mechanisms, is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Hinkley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Amanda Watson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AMISS), St. Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dylan Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Alison Carver
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
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29
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Duckham RL, Bialo SR, Machan J, Kriz P, Gordon CM. A case-control pilot study of stress fracture in adolescent girls: the discriminative ability of two imaging technologies to classify at-risk athletes. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1573-1580. [PMID: 31143993 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Since stress fractures are common among adolescent athletes, it is important to identify bone assessment tools that accurately identify risk. We investigated the discriminative ability of two imaging technologies to classify at-risk athletes. Findings suggested that peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) has the ability to distinguish differences in bone structure in injured vs. uninjured limbs. INTRODUCTION Given the high stress fracture (SFX) prevalence among adolescent girls, an understanding of the most informative assessment tools to identify SFX risks are required. We investigated the discriminative ability of pQCT vs. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to classify athletes with or without SFX. METHODS Twelve adolescent athletes diagnosed with a lower-extremity SFX were compared with 12 matched controls. DXA measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and content of the total body, and lumbar spine. Bilateral tibiae were assessed with pQCT. At the metaphysis (3%), total density (ToD), trabecular density (TrD), trabecular area (TrA), and estimated bone strength in compression (BSIc), and at the diaphysis (38% and 66%), total bone area (ToA), cortical density (CoD), cortical area (CoA), estimated bone strength in torsion (SSIp), and peri- and endocortical and muscle area (MuA) were obtained. Cortical bone mass/density around the center of mass and marrow density (estimate of adiposity) were calculated using ImageJ software. General estimated equations adjusting for multiple comparisons (Holm-Bonferroni method) were used to compare means between (1) injured limb of the case athletes vs. uninjured limb of the control athletes and (2) uninjured limb of the case athletes vs. uninjured limbs of the controls and injured vs. uninjured limb of case athletes with a SFX. RESULTS aBMD and content showed no significant differences between cases and controls. When comparing the injured vs. uninjured leg in the case athletes by pQCT at the 3% tibia, unadjusted TrD, total density, and BSIc were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the injured vs. uninjured leg. Marrow density at the 66% site was 1% (p < 0.05) lower in the injured vs. uninjured leg. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data in athletes with SFX suggest that pQCT has the ability to distinguish differences in bone structure in injured vs. uninjured limbs. No discriminative bone parameter classifications were identified between adolescent athletes with or without SFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - S R Bialo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J Machan
- Division of Biostatistics, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - P Kriz
- Division of Sports Medicine, Departments of Orthopedics and Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - C M Gordon
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Tait JL, Duckham RL, Milte CM, Main LC, Daly RM. Associations between inflammatory and neurological markers with quality of life and well-being in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110662. [PMID: 31323254 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stressful experiences, poor self-rated health, and negative emotional states have been implicated with higher levels of inflammatory markers and lower levels of neurotrophic factors in some healthy adults and clinical populations, but these relationships are unclear in the elderly. This study aimed to identify the associations between systemic inflammatory and neurological markers with well-being and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in independently living elderly people. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 268 men and women aged ≥65 years living independently in retirement communities in Melbourne, Australia. MEASURES Questionnaires were used to assess HR-QoL [Short Form (SF)-36 version 2] and well-being (Personal Wellbeing Index). Serum inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] were standardised to Z-scores and used to calculate pro- and anti-inflammatory composite score and an overall composite inflammatory index. Plasma levels of the neurological markers amyloid β (1-40) and amyloid β (1-42), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were also assessed. RESULTS No significant associations were found between any inflammatory or neurological marker with HR-OoL or well-being, with the exception that lower perceptions of the HR-QoL vitality subscale were associated with higher levels of hs-CRP [unstandardized beta-coefficient (β): -1.50; 95% CI: -2.53, -0.46; P = 0.004] and Z-scores in the pro-inflammatory composite score (β = -2.06; 95% CI: -3.49, -0.62; P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS In elderly people residing in independent living retirement communities, there was no consistent evidence indicating that circulating inflammatory or neurological markers were associated with the key physical or mental HR-QoL domains or overall well-being. This suggests that these biomarkers may not be effective predictors in relatively healthy communities, and may be more beneficial in frail or clinical populations. Clinical Trials registry: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613001161718). http://www.anzctr.org.au/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Tait
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St. Albans, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine M Milte
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Brooke-Wavell K, Duckham RL, Iliffe S, Kendrick D, Skelton DA, Taylor R, Masud T. 77INFLUENCE OF FALL PREVENTION EXERCISE PROGRAMMES ON MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN OLDER PEOPLE. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz059.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Brooke-Wavell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University
| | - R L Duckham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Australia
| | - S Iliffe
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London
| | - D Kendrick
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham
| | - D A Skelton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University
| | - R Taylor
- Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - T Masud
- Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
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Macpherson H, Brownell S, Duckham RL, Meyer B, Mirzaee S, Daly RM. Multifaceted intervention to enhance cognition in older people at risk of cognitive decline: study protocol for the Protein Omega-3 and Vitamin D Exercise Research (PONDER) study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024145. [PMID: 31072850 PMCID: PMC6527972 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of people are living with cognitive impairment and dementia. Current pharmacological therapies at best reduce Alzheimer's disease symptomatology but do not delay dementia onset in those at high risk. Structured exercise interventions can enhance cognition in older people; however, to produce long lasting, clinically relevant cognitive benefits, it is proposed that a multifaceted approach incorporating exercise with dietary supplements will address a wider range of mechanisms involved in cognitive decline. The Protein Omega-3 aNd vitamin D Exercise Research (PONDER) study aims to investigate the cognitive effects of a multimodal exercise programme combined with nutritional supplementation in older adults with subjective memory impairment (SMI). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The PONDER study is a single-centre, 12-month, community-based, parallel group, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial involving a 6-month multifaceted intervention with a further 6-month follow-up. Participants will be 148 people from Melbourne, Australia, aged 60-85 years with SMI who will be randomised (1:1 ratio) to either a 6-month supervised multimodal exercise programme combined with omega-3 fatty acid, vitamin D and protein supplementation or a stretching/flexibility exercise programme combined with placebo supplements. The primary outcome is the change in cognition after 6 months as assessed by the Trail Making Test and global cognitive function assessed from the Cogstate Computerised battery. Secondary outcomes will include memory, working memory/learning and attention/psychomotor function, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, mood, quality of life, muscle strength, physical function, body composition, cardiovascular health and sleep quality. Cognition at 12 months will represent a secondary outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (project 2016-260). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The authors intend to submit the findings of the study to peer-reviewed journals or academic conferences to be published. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616001549415; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Brownell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, UK
| | - Barbara Meyer
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Mirzaee
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash HEART, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Brennan-Olsen SL, Taillieu TL, Turner S, Bolton J, Quirk SE, Gomez F, Duckham RL, Hosking SM, Duque G, Green D, Afifi TO. Arthritis in adults, socioeconomic factors, and the moderating role of childhood maltreatment: cross-sectional data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:363-373. [PMID: 30132028 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED These data present associations between socioeconomic status (SES), different types of childhood maltreatment (CM) history and family dysfunction, and arthritis in men and women across a wide age range. Arthritis was less likely among those with higher SES, regardless of CM history. INTRODUCTION CM has been associated with increased risk of adult-onset arthritis; however, little is known about whether socioeconomic status moderates arthritis risk in those with CM history. We investigated arthritis across education, income, and race/ethnicity and whether CM moderated associations between SES and arthritis. METHODS Data were drawn from Wave 2 (2004-2005) of the nationally representative (USA) National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, n = 34,563; aged ≥ 20 years). Self-reported CM history included physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to determine relationships between SES, CM, and arthritis. Interaction terms were used to test if CM moderated relationships between SES and arthritis. RESULTS Arthritis prevalence was 21.1% (n = 3093) among men and 30.1% (n = 6167) among women. In unadjusted analyses, women (p ≤ 0.001) and older age (both sexes, p ≤ 0.01) were associated with increased odds of arthritis. All CM types were associated with increased odds of arthritis, except exposure to IPV among women. In sex-stratified, age-adjusted analyses, lower education and income, family dysfunction, being Hispanic or Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and ≥ 1 physical comorbidity were associated with increased odds of arthritis among those with and without CM: trends were similar for both sexes. In age-adjusted two-way interaction terms, CM did not moderate associations between SES and arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Although CM was associated with arthritis, associations between SES and arthritis were not amplified. Arthritis was less likely among those with higher SES, regardless of CM history.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Brennan-Olsen
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, WCHRE Building, C/- Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Victoria, 3021, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
| | - T L Taillieu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - S Turner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J Bolton
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - S E Quirk
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Gomez
- Research Group on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - R L Duckham
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - S M Hosking
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- IMPACT SRC, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Duque
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, WCHRE Building, C/- Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Victoria, 3021, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Green
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, WCHRE Building, C/- Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Victoria, 3021, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - T O Afifi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Dalla Via J, Duckham RL, Peake JM, Kukuljan S, Nowson CA, Daly RM. Circulating Levels of Inflammation and the Effect on Exercise-Related Changes in Bone Mass, Structure and Strength in Middle-Aged and Older Men. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:50-58. [PMID: 30209527 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade systematic inflammation has been associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. We previously reported that exercise improved femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), geometry and strength and lumbar spine trabecular BMD in middle-aged and older men, but had no effect on markers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the association between basal inflammatory status and the adaptive skeletal responses to exercise. Secondary analysis was completed on 91 men aged 50-79 years who participated in an 18-month program of progressive resistance training plus weight-bearing impact exercise (3 day/week) with and without additional calcium-vitamin D3. Markers of inflammation (serum hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) and DXA and QCT-derived BMD, bone structure and strength at the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured at baseline and 18 months. Multiple regression was used to assess associations between skeletal changes and both baseline levels of individual inflammatory markers and a composite inflammatory index derived from the number of markers categorized into the highest tertile. Baseline serum hs-CRP, TNFα and IL-6 and the composite inflammatory index score were not associated with skeletal changes at any site after adjusting for age, change in lean mass, disease(s)/medication use and adherence to the exercise intervention. In conclusion, this study indicates that basal inflammatory status does not influence the osteogenic response to exercise training in healthy middle-aged and older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Dalla Via
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, Melbourne, VIC, 3215, Australia
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, Melbourne, VIC, 3215, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St. Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sonja Kukuljan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, Melbourne, VIC, 3215, Australia
| | - Caryl A Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, Melbourne, VIC, 3215, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, Melbourne, VIC, 3215, Australia.
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Duckham RL, Tait JL, Nowson CA, Sanders KM, Taaffe DR, Hill KD, Daly RM. Strategies and challenges associated with recruiting retirement village communities and residents into a group exercise intervention. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:173. [PMID: 30572835 PMCID: PMC6302307 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide the highest level of scientific evidence, but successful participant recruitment is critical to ensure the external and internal validity of results. This study describes the strategies associated with recruiting older adults at increased falls risk residing in retirement villages into an 18-month cluster RCT designed to evaluate the effects of a dual-task exercise program on falls and physical and cognitive function. METHODS Recruitment of adults aged ≥65 at increased falls risk residing within retirement villages (size 60-350 residents) was initially designed to occur over 12 months using two distinct cohorts (C). Recruitment occurred via a three-stage approach that included liaising with: 1) village operators, 2) independent village managers, and 3) residents. To recruit residents, a variety of different approaches were used, including distribution of information pack, on-site presentations, free muscle and functional testing, and posters displayed in common areas. RESULTS Due to challenges with recruitment, three cohorts were established between February 2014 and April 2015 (14 months). Sixty retirement villages were initially invited, of which 32 declined or did not respond, leaving 28 villages that expressed interest. A total of 3947 individual letters of invitation were subsequently distributed to residents of these villages, from which 517 (13.1%) expressions of interest (EOI) were received. Across three cohorts with different recruitment strategies adopted there were only modest differences in the number of EOI received (10.5 to 15.3%), which suggests that no particular recruitment approach was most effective. Following the initial screening of these residents, 398 (77.0%) participants were deemed eligible to participate, but a final sample of 300 (58.0% of the 517 EOI) consented and was randomized; 7.6% of the 3947 residents invited. Principal reasons for not participating, despite being eligible, were poor health, lack of time and no GP approval. CONCLUSION This study highlights that there are significant challenges associated with recruiting sufficient numbers of older adults from independent living retirement villages into an exercise intervention designed to improve health and well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613001 161718 . Date registered 23rd October 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), St. Albans, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jamie L Tait
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Caryl A Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Kerrie M Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, St. Albans, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Harris DM, Rantalainen T, Muthalib M, Johnson L, Duckham RL, Smith ST, Daly RM, Teo WP. Concurrent exergaming and transcranial direct current stimulation to improve balance in people with Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:387. [PMID: 30012175 PMCID: PMC6048780 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly experience postural instability, resulting in poor balance and an increased risk of falls. Exercise-based video gaming (exergaming) is a form of physical training that is delivered through virtual reality technology to facilitate motor learning and is efficacious in improving balance in aged populations. In addition, studies have shown that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS), when applied to the primary motor cortex, can augment motor learning when combined with physical training. However, no studies have investigated the combined effects of exergaming and tDCS on balance in people with PD. Methods/design Twenty-four people with mild to moderate PD (Hoehn and Yahr scale score 2–4) will be randomly allocated to receive one of three interventions: (1) exergaming + a-tDCS, (2) exergaming + sham a-tDCS or (3) usual care. Participants in each exergaming group will perform two training sessions per week for 12 weeks. Each exergaming session will consist of a series of static and dynamic balance exercises using a rehabilitation-specific software programme (Jintronix) and 20 minutes of either sham or real a-tDCS (2 mA) delivered concurrently. Participants allocated to usual care will be asked to maintain their normal daily physical activities. All outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks (mid-intervention), 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks (3-month follow-up) after baseline. The primary outcome measure will be the Limits of Stability Test. Secondary outcomes will include measures of static balance, leg strength, functional capacity, cognitive task-related cortical activation, corticospinal excitability and inhibition, and cognitive inhibition. Discussion This will be the first trial to target balance in people with PD with combined exergaming and a-tDCS. We hypothesise that improvements in balance, functional and neurophysiological outcome measures, and neurocognitive outcome measures will be greater and longer-lasting following concurrent exergaming and a-tDCS than in those receiving sham tDCS or usual care. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616000594426). Registered on 9 May 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2773-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale M Harris
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Liam Johnson
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart T Smith
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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Rantalainen T, Hesketh KD, Rodda C, Duckham RL. Validity of hip‐worn inertial measurement unit compared to jump mat for jump height measurement in adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2183-2188. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rantalainen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Gerontology Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kylie D. Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Christine Rodda
- Gerontology Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS) Western Hospital, and Melbourne University St. Albans Victoria Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Young children are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition as nutrition transition progresses. The aim of this study was to examine the adequacy of macro- and micronutrient intake among 2-4.99-year-old Samoan children. METHODS Child dietary intake was measured using a 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with a 30-day reference period. Daily total energy and nutrient intake was calculated by multiplying the frequency of daily consumption by the nutrient content of a fixed, standard portion size. Adequacy of macro- and micronutrient intake was determined using age-specific US Dietary Guidelines. RESULTS Most children met or exceeded recommendations for carbohydrate, fat and protein intake. More than half of the sample were not meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for calcium (59.0%), 44.6% were not meeting RDA for potassium and intake of vitamin A and E was inadequate among 25.9% and 25.6%, respectively. Eighty per cent of children exceeded the tolerable upper limit for sodium. Adequacy of intake varied by age and census region of residence. CONCLUSION Since inadequate dietary micronutrient intake was more common among older children (4-4.99 years) and those in the rural region, intervention should be targeted at those groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C Choy
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Avery A Thompson
- b Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology , Yale School of Public Health , New Haven , CT , USA
| | | | | | | | - Rachel L Duckham
- e Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University , Burwood , VIC , Australia.,f Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , St. Albans , VIC , Australia
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- b Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology , Yale School of Public Health , New Haven , CT , USA
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39
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Tait JL, Duckham RL, Milte CM, Main LC, Daly RM. Influence of Sequential vs. Simultaneous Dual-Task Exercise Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:368. [PMID: 29163146 PMCID: PMC5681915 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research indicates that exercise combined with cognitive training may improve cognitive function in older adults. Typically these programs have incorporated sequential training, where exercise and cognitive training are undertaken separately. However, simultaneous or dual-task training, where cognitive and/or motor training are performed simultaneously with exercise, may offer greater benefits. This review summary provides an overview of the effects of combined simultaneous vs. sequential training on cognitive function in older adults. Based on the available evidence, there are inconsistent findings with regard to the cognitive benefits of sequential training in comparison to cognitive or exercise training alone. In contrast, simultaneous training interventions, particularly multimodal exercise programs in combination with secondary tasks regulated by sensory cues, have significantly improved cognition in both healthy older and clinical populations. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal characteristics of a successful simultaneous training program for optimizing cognitive function in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Tait
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St. Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine M Milte
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Fritz J, Duckham RL, Rantalainen T, Rosengren BE, Karlsson MK, Daly RM. Influence of a School-based Physical Activity Intervention on Cortical Bone Mass Distribution: A 7-year Intervention Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:443-453. [PMID: 27406102 PMCID: PMC5055572 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cortical bone mass and density varies across a bones length and cross section, and may be influenced by physical activity. This study evaluated the long-term effects of a pediatric school-based physical activity intervention on tibial cortical bone mass distribution. A total of 170 children (72 girls and 98 boys) from one school were provided with 200 min of physical education per week. Three other schools (44 girls and 47 boys) continued with the standard 60 min per week. Tibial total and cortical area, cortical density, polar stress-strain index (SSI), and the mass and density distribution around the center of mass (polar distribution, mg) and through the bones cortex (radial distribution subdivided into endo-, mid-, and pericortical volumetric BMD: mg/cm3) at three sites (14, 38, and 66 %) were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography after 7 years. Girls in the intervention group had 2.5 % greater cortical thickness and 6.9 % greater SSI at the 66 % tibia, which was accompanied by significantly greater pericortical volumetric BMD compared to controls (all P < 0.05). Region-specific differences in cortical mass were also detected in the anterior, medial, and lateral sectors at the 38 and 66 % tibial sites. There were no group differences at the 14 % tibia site in girls, and no group differences in any of the bone parameters in boys. Additional school-based physical education over seven years was associated with greater tibial structure, strength, and region-specific adaptations in cortical bone mass and density distribution in girls, but not in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Fritz
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Institution of Clinical Research, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Björn E Rosengren
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Institution of Clinical Research, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Institution of Clinical Research, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Duckham RL, Rantalainen T, Ducher G, Hill B, Telford RD, Telford RM, Daly RM. Effects of Habitual Physical Activity and Fitness on Tibial Cortical Bone Mass, Structure and Mass Distribution in Pre-pubertal Boys and Girls: The Look Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:56-65. [PMID: 26983726 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted weight-bearing activities during the pre-pubertal years can improve cortical bone mass, structure and distribution, but less is known about the influence of habitual physical activity (PA) and fitness. This study examined the effects of contrasting habitual PA and fitness levels on cortical bone density, geometry and mass distribution in pre-pubertal children. Boys (n = 241) and girls (n = 245) aged 7-9 years had a pQCT scan to measure tibial mid-shaft total, cortical and medullary area, cortical thickness, density, polar strength strain index (SSIpolar) and the mass/density distribution through the bone cortex (radial distribution divided into endo-, mid- and pericortical regions) and around the centre of mass (polar distribution). Four contrasting PA and fitness groups (inactive-unfit, inactive-fit, active-unfit, active-fit) were generated based on daily step counts (pedometer, 7-days) and fitness levels (20-m shuttle test and vertical jump) for boys and girls separately. Active-fit boys had 7.3-7.7 % greater cortical area and thickness compared to inactive-unfit boys (P < 0.05), which was largely due to a 6.4-7.8 % (P < 0.05) greater cortical mass in the posterior-lateral, medial and posterior-medial 66 % tibial regions. Cortical area was not significantly different across PA-fitness categories in girls, but active-fit girls had 6.1 % (P < 0.05) greater SSIpolar compared to inactive-fit girls, which was likely due to their 6.7 % (P < 0.05) greater total bone area. There was also a small region-specific cortical mass benefit in the posterior-medial 66 % tibia cortex in active-fit girls. Higher levels of habitual PA-fitness were associated with small regional-specific gains in 66 % tibial cortical bone mass in pre-pubertal children, particularly boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Duckham
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Gaele Ducher
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard D Telford
- UC Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rohan M Telford
- UC Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Duckham RL, Masud T, Taylor R, Kendrick D, Carpenter H, Iliffe S, Morris R, Gage H, Skelton DA, Dinan-Young S, Brooke-Wavell K. Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of community group and home-based falls prevention exercise programmes on bone health in older people: the ProAct65+ bone study. Age Ageing 2015; 44:573-9. [PMID: 25906791 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND exercise can reduce osteoporotic fracture risk by strengthening bone or reducing fall risk. Falls prevention exercise programmes can reduce fall incidence, and also include strengthening exercises suggested to load bone, but there is little information as to whether these programmes influence bone mineral density (BMD) and strength. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the skeletal effects of home (Otago Exercise Programme, OEP) and group (Falls Exercise Management, FaME) falls prevention exercise programmes relative to usual care in older people. METHODS men and women aged over 65 years were recruited through primary care. They were randomised by practice to OEP, FaME or usual care. BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) and structural properties were measured in Nottingham site participants before and after the 24-week intervention. RESULTS participants were 319 men and women, aged mean(SD) 72(5) years. Ninety-two percentage of participants completed the trial. The OEP group completed 58(43) min/week of home exercise, while the FaME group completed 39(16) and 30(24) min/week of group and home exercise, respectively. Femoral neck BMD changes did not differ between treatment arms: mean (95% CI) effect sizes in OEP and FaME relative to usual care arm were -0.003(-0.011,0.005) and -0.002(-0.010,0.005) g cm(-2), respectively; P = 0.44 and 0.53. There were no significant changes in BMD or BMC at other skeletal sites, or in structural parameters. CONCLUSIONS falls prevention exercise programmes did not influence BMD in older people. To increase bone strength, programmes may require exercise that exerts higher strains on bone or longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Duckham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK Present Address: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Tahir Masud
- Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Denise Kendrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hannah Carpenter
- Department of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steve Iliffe
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Morris
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heather Gage
- School of Economics, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susie Dinan-Young
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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Duckham RL, Brooke-Wavell K, Summers GD, Cameron N, Peirce N. Stress fracture injury in female endurance athletes in the United Kingdom: A 12-month prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 25:854-9. [PMID: 25892560 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies of stress fracture (SF) incidence are limited in number and geographical location; this study determined the incidence of SF injury in female endurance athletes based in the United Kingdom. A total of 70 athletes aged between 18 and 45 years were recruited and prospectively monitored for 12 months. Questionnaires at baseline and 12 months assessed SF, menstrual and training history, eating psychopathology, and compulsive exercise. Peak lower leg muscle strength was assessed in both legs using an isometric muscle rig. Bone mineral density (BMD) of total body, spine, hip, and radius was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Among the 61 athletes who completed the 12-month monitoring, two sustained a SF diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, giving an incidence rate (95% confidence intervals) of 3.3 (0.8, 13.1) % of the study population sustaining a SF over 12 months. The SF cases were 800 m runners aged 19 and 22 years, training on average 14.2 h a week, eumenorrheic with no history of menstrual dysfunction. Case 1 had a higher than average energy intake and low eating psychopathology and compulsive exercise scores, while the reverse was true in case 2. BMD in both cases was similar to mean values in the non-SF group. The incidence of SF in our female endurance athlete population based in the United Kingdom was 3.3%, which is lower than previously reported. Further work is needed to confirm the current incidence of SF and evaluate the associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Duckham
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, SSEHS, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (CPAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Brooke-Wavell
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, SSEHS, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - G D Summers
- Royal Derby Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - N Cameron
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, SSEHS, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - N Peirce
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, SSEHS, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust/England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
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Daly RM, Duckham RL, Tait JL, Rantalainen T, Nowson CA, Taaffe DR, Sanders K, Hill KD, Kidgell DJ, Busija L. Effectiveness of dual-task functional power training for preventing falls in older people: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:120. [PMID: 25872612 PMCID: PMC4379606 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls are a major public health concern with at least one third of people aged 65 years and over falling at least once per year, and half of these will fall repeatedly, which can lead to injury, pain, loss of function and independence, reduced quality of life and even death. Although the causes of falls are varied and complex, the age-related loss in muscle power has emerged as a useful predictor of disability and falls in older people. In this population, the requirements to produce explosive and rapid movements often occurs whilst simultaneously performing other attention-demanding cognitive or motor tasks, such as walking while talking or carrying an object. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether dual-task functional power training (DT-FPT) can reduce the rate of falls in community-dwelling older people. Methods/Design The study design is an 18-month cluster randomised controlled trial in which 280 adults aged ≥65 years residing in retirement villages, who are at increased risk of falling, will be randomly allocated to: 1) an exercise programme involving DT-FPT, or 2) a usual care control group. The intervention is divided into 3 distinct phases: 6 months of supervised DT-FPT, a 6-month ‘step down’ maintenance programme, and a 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the number of falls after 6, 12 and 18 months. Secondary outcomes will include: lower extremity muscle power and strength, grip strength, functional assessments of gait, reaction time and dynamic balance under single- and dual-task conditions, activities of daily living, quality of life, cognitive function and falls-related self-efficacy. We will also evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the programme for preventing falls. Discussion The study offers a novel approach that may guide the development and implementation of future community-based falls prevention programmes that specifically focus on optimising muscle power and dual-task performance to reduce falls risk under ‘real life’ conditions in older adults. In addition, the ‘step down’ programme will provide new information about the efficacy of a less intensive maintenance programme for reducing the risk of falls over an extended period. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613001161718. Date registered 23 October 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Daly
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jamie L Tait
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Caryl A Nowson
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Edith Cowan University Health and Wellness Institute, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kerrie Sanders
- North West Academic Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Victoria, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Keith D Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Dawson J Kidgell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lucy Busija
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
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45
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Rantalainen T, Duckham RL, Suominen H, Heinonen A, Alén M, Korhonen MT. Tibial and fibular mid-shaft bone traits in young and older sprinters and non-athletic men. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:132-40. [PMID: 24925060 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High impact loading is known to prevent some of the age-related bone loss but its effects on the density distribution of cortical bone are relatively unknown. This study examined the effects of age and habitual sprinting on tibial and fibular mid-shaft bone traits (structural, cortical radial and polar bone mineral density distributions). Data from 67 habitual male sprinters aged 19-39 and 65-84 years, and 60 non-athletic men (referents) aged 21-39 and 65-80 years are reported. Tibial and fibular mid-shaft bone traits (strength strain index SSI, cortical density CoD, and polar and radial cortical density distributions) were assessed with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for height and body mass indicated that the sprinters had 21 % greater tibial SSI (P < 0.001) compared to the referents, with no group × age-group interaction (P = 0.54). At the fibula no group difference or group × age-group interaction was identified (P = 0.12-0.81). For tibial radial density distribution ANCOVA indicated no group × radial division (P = 0.50) or group × age-group × division interaction (P = 0.63), whereas an age × radial division interaction was observed (P < 0.001). For polar density distribution, no age-group × polar sector (P = 0.21), group × polar sector (P = 0.46), or group × age-group × polar sector interactions were detected (P = 0.15). Habitual sprint training appears to maintain tibial bone strength, but not radial cortical density distribution into older age. Fibular bone strength appeared unaffected by habitual sprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rantalainen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland,
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Abstract
Regular exercise and adequate nutrition, particularly dietary calcium, vitamin D, and protein, are prescribed as strategies to optimize peak bone mass and maintain bone and muscle health throughout life. Although the mechanism of action of exercise and nutrition on bone and muscle health are different-exercise has a site-specific modifying effect, whereas nutrition has a permissive generalized effect-there is evidence that combining calcium (or calcium rich dairy foods) or dietary protein with exercise can have a synergetic effect on bone mass and muscle health, respectively. However, many questions still remain as to whether there is a threshold level for these nutrients to optimize the exercise-induced gains. Further studies are also needed to investigate whether other dietary factors, such as vitamin D, soy isoflavones or omega-3 fatty acids, or a multinutrient supplement, can enhance the effects of exercise on bone and muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Daly
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, Australia, 3125,
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47
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Duckham RL, Baxter-Jones ADG, Johnston JD, Vatanparast H, Cooper D, Kontulainen S. Does physical activity in adolescence have site-specific and sex-specific benefits on young adult bone size, content, and estimated strength? J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:479-86. [PMID: 23907819 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The long-term benefits of habitual physical activity during adolescence on adult bone structure and strength are poorly understood. We investigated whether physically active adolescents had greater bone size, density, content, and estimated bone strength in young adulthood when compared to their peers who were inactive during adolescence. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to measure the tibia and radius of 122 (73 females) participants (age mean ± SD, 29.3 ± 2.3 years) of the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (PBMAS). Total bone area (ToA), cortical density (CoD), cortical area (CoA), cortical content (CoC), and estimated bone strength in torsion (SSIp ) and muscle area (MuA) were measured at the diaphyses (66% tibia and 65% radius). Total density (ToD), trabecular density (TrD), trabecular content (TrC), and estimated bone strength in compression (BSIc ) were measured at the distal ends (4%). Participants were grouped by their adolescent physical activity (PA) levels (inactive, average, and active) based on mean PA Z-scores obtained from serial questionnaire assessments completed during adolescence. We compared adult bone outcomes across adolescent PA groups in each sex using analysis of covariance followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustments. When adjusted for adult height, MuA, and PA, adult males who were more physically active than their peers in adolescence had 13% greater adjusted torsional bone strength (SSIp , p < 0.05) and 10% greater adjusted ToA (p < 0.05) at the tibia diaphysis. Females who were more active in adolescence had 10% larger adjusted CoA (p < 0.05), 12% greater adjusted CoC (p < 0.05) at the tibia diaphysis, and 3% greater adjusted TrC (p < 0.05) at the distal tibia when compared to their inactive peers. Benefits to tibia bone size, content, and strength in those who were more active during adolescence seemed to persist into young adulthood, with greater ToA and SSIp in males, and greater CoA, CoC, and TrC in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Duckham
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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48
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Duckham RL, Procter-Gray E, Hannan MT, Leveille SG, Lipsitz LA, Li W. Sex differences in circumstances and consequences of outdoor and indoor falls in older adults in the MOBILIZE Boston cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2013; 13:133. [PMID: 24313971 PMCID: PMC3907046 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-13-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite extensive research on risk factors associated with falling in older adults, and current fall prevention interventions focusing on modifiable risk factors, there is a lack of detailed accounts of sex differences in risk factors, circumstances and consequences of falls in the literature. We examined the circumstances, consequences and resulting injuries of indoor and outdoor falls according to sex in a population study of older adults. Methods Men and women 65 years and older (N = 743) were followed for fall events from the Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston prospective cohort study. Baseline measurements were collected by comprehensive clinical assessments, home visits and questionnaires. During the follow-up (median = 2.9 years), participants recorded daily fall occurrences on a monthly calendar, and fall circumstances were determined by a telephone interview. Falls were categorized by activity and place of falling. Circumstance-specific annualized fall rates were calculated and compared between men and women using negative binomial regression models. Results Women had lower rates of outdoor falls overall (Crude Rate Ratio (RR): 0.72, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.56-0.92), in locations of recreation (RR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.70), during vigorous activity (RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18-0.81) and on snowy or icy surfaces (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.86) compared to men. Women and men did not differ significantly in their rates of falls outdoors on sidewalks, streets, and curbs, and during walking. Compared to men, women had greater fall rates in the kitchen (RR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.04-3.40) and while performing household activities (RR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.50-8.98). The injurious outdoor fall rates were equivalent in both sexes. Women’s overall rate of injurious indoor falls was nearly twice that of men’s (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.44-2.72), especially in the kitchen (RR: 6.83, 95% CI: 2.05-22.79), their own home (RR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.30-2.59) and another residential home (RR: 4.65, 95% CI: 1.05-20.66) or other buildings (RR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.18-4.44). Conclusions Significant sex differences exist in the circumstances and injury potential when older adults fall indoors and outdoors, highlighting a need for focused prevention strategies for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenjun Li
- Health Statistics and Geography Lab, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shaw SH2-230, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Duckham RL, Frank AW, Johnston JD, Olszynski WP, Kontulainen SA. Monitoring time interval for pQCT-derived bone outcomes in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1917-22. [PMID: 23344257 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evidence of measurement precision, annual changes and monitoring time interval is essential when designing and interpreting longitudinal studies. Despite the precise measures, small annual changes in bone properties led to monitoring time intervals (MTIs) of 2-6 years in peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-derived radial and tibial bone area, density, and estimated strength in postmenopausal women. INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to determine the precision error, annual change, and MTI in bone density, area, and strength parameters in postmenopausal women. METHODS Postmenopausal women (n = 114) from the Saskatoon cohort of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study had annual pQCT scans of the distal and shaft sites of the radius and tibia for 2 years. Median annualized rates of percent change and the MTI were calculated for bone density, area, and strength parameters. Root mean squared coefficients of variation (CV%) were calculated from duplicate scans in a random subgroup of 35 postmenopausal women. RESULTS CV% ranged from 1.4 to 6.1 % at the radius and 0.7 to 2.1 % at the tibia. MTIs for the distal radius were 3 years for total bone density (ToD) and 4 years for total bone cross sectional area (ToA), trabecular area, and bone strength index. At the diaphyseal radius, MTI was 3 years for ToA, 5 years for cortical density, and 6 years for polar stress strain index (SSIp). Similarly, MTI for total and trabecular density was 3 years at the distal tibia. At the diaphyseal tibia, MTI for ToA was 3 years and SSIp 4 years. CONCLUSION MTI for longitudinal studies in older postmenopausal women should be at least 2-6 years at the radius and tibia, with specific monitoring of the total and trabecular area, total density, and bone strength at the radius and total and trabecular density, total area, and bone strength at the tibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Duckham
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Duckham RL, Peirce N, Bailey CA, Summers G, Cameron N, Brooke-Wavell K. Bone geometry according to menstrual function in female endurance athletes. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:444-50. [PMID: 23361333 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Athletes have higher bone mineral density (BMD) relative to nonathletes. In amenorrheic athletes BMD may be compromised by estrogen deficiency, but it is unknown whether this is accompanied by structural differences. We compared femoral neck bone geometry and density of a-/oligomenorrheic athletes (AAs), eumenorrheic athletes (EAs), and eumenorrheic controls (ECs). We recruited 156 women: (68 endurance athletes and 88 controls). Femoral neck BMD, section modulus (Z), and width were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Menstrual function was assessed by questionnaire and classified as EA (≥10 periods/year) or AA (≤9 periods/year): 24 athletes were AA and 44 EA. Femoral neck BMD was significantly higher in EA than AA (8 %, difference) and EC (11 % difference): mean [SE] 1.118 [0.015], 1.023 [0.020] and 0.999 [0.014] g cm(-2), respectively; p < 0.001. Z was significantly higher in EA than EC (11 % difference): EA 667 [19], AA 625 [21], and EC 592 [10] cm(3); p < 0.001. Femoral neck width did not differ between groups. All differences persisted after adjustment for height, age, and body mass. The higher femoral neck Z and BMD in athletes, despite similar width, may indicate that exercise-related bone gains are endosteal rather than periosteal. Athletes with amenorrhea had smaller increments in bone mass rather than structural adaptation. The maintained femoral neck width in controls may be an adaptive mechanism to conserve bone strength in bending despite inactivity-related bone decrement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Duckham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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