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Poudel B, Mullins J, Fiedler JD, Zhong S. Genome-Wide Association Study of Fungicide Sensitivity in a Fusarium graminearum Population Collected from North Dakota. Phytopathology 2024:PHYTO05230180KC. [PMID: 38079375 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-23-0180-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is a destructive disease of small grains. The disease is predominantly caused by the haploid ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum in North America. To understand the genetics of quantitative traits for sensitivity to fungicides in this fungal pathogen, we conducted a genome-wide association study of sensitivity to two demethylation inhibition class fungicides, tebuconazole and prothioconazole, using an F. graminearum population of 183 isolates collected between 1981 and 2013 from North Dakota. Baseline sensitivity to tebuconazole and prothioconazole was established using 21 isolates collected between 1981 and 1994. Most fungal isolates were sensitive to both tebuconazole and prothioconazole; however, five isolates showed significantly reduced sensitivity to prothioconazole. The genome-wide association study identified one significant marker-trait association on chromosome 3 for tebuconazole resistance, whereas six significant marker-trait associations, one on chromosome 1, three on chromosome 2, and two on chromosome 4, were detected for prothioconazole resistance. Functional annotation of the marker-trait association for tebuconazole revealed a candidate gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix domain-containing protein that reinforces sterol in the fungal membrane. Putative genes for prothioconazole resistance were also identified, which are involved in RNA interference, the detoxification by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and membrane integrity reinforcement. Considering the potential of the pathogen toward overcoming chemical control, continued monitoring of fungal sensitivities to commercially applied fungicides, especially those containing prothioconazole, is warranted to reduce risks of fungicide resistance in the pathogen populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Poudel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Joseph Mullins
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
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Hao Y, Zong X, Ren P, Qian Y, Fu A. Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Transcription Factors Regulate a Wide Range of Functions in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137152. [PMID: 34281206 PMCID: PMC8267941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is one of the largest transcription factor gene families in Arabidopsis thaliana, and contains a bHLH motif that is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic organisms. Members of this family have two conserved motifs, a basic DNA binding region and a helix-loop-helix (HLH) region. These proteins containing bHLH domain usually act as homo- or heterodimers to regulate the expression of their target genes, which are involved in many physiological processes and have a broad range of functions in biosynthesis, metabolism and transduction of plant hormones. Although there are a number of articles on different aspects to provide detailed information on this family in plants, an overall summary is not available. In this review, we summarize various aspects of related studies that provide an overview of insights into the pleiotropic regulatory roles of these transcription factors in plant growth and development, stress response, biochemical functions and the web of signaling networks. We then provide an overview of the functional profile of the bHLH family and the regulatory mechanisms of other proteins.
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Hu DG, Yu JQ, Han PL, Xie XB, Sun CH, Zhang QY, Wang JH, Hao YJ. The regulatory module MdPUB29-MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple. New Phytol 2019; 221:1966-1982. [PMID: 30288754 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is critical for climacteric fruit ripening, while glucose and anthocyanins determine the fruit quality of climacteric fruits such as apple. Understanding the exact molecular mechanism for this process is important for elucidating the interconnection of ethylene and fruit quality. Overexpression of apple MdbHLH3 gene, an anthocyanin-related basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) gene, promotes ethylene production, and transgenic apple plantlets and trees exhibit ethylene-related root developmental abnormalities, premature leaf senescence, and fruit ripening. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that MdbHLH3 binds to the promoters of three genes that are involved in ethylene biosynthesis, including MdACO1, MdACS1, and MdACS5A, activating their transcriptional expression, thereby promoting ethylene biosynthesis. High glucose-inhibited U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligase MdPUB29, the ortholog of Arabidopsis AtPUB29 in apple, influences the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes and ethylene production by direct ubiquitination of the MdbHLH3 protein. Our findings provide new insights into the ubiquitination of MdbHLH3 by glucose-inhibited ubiquitin E3 ligase MdPUB29 in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis as well as indicate that the regulatory module MdPUB29-MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology & MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology & MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Peng-Liang Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology & MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xing-Bin Xie
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology & MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology & MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology & MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology & MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
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McClean PE, Bett KE, Stonehouse R, Lee R, Pflieger S, Moghaddam SM, Geffroy V, Miklas P, Mamidi S. White seed color in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) results from convergent evolution in the P (pigment) gene. New Phytol 2018; 219:1112-1123. [PMID: 29897103 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of seed color in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) requires the dominant-acting P (pigment) gene, and white seed is a recessive phenotype in all domesticated races of the species. P was classically associated with seed size, thus describing it as the first genetic marker for a quantitative trait. The molecular structure of P was characterized to understand the selection of white seeds during bean diversification and the relationship of P to seed weight. P was identified by homology searches, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and gene remodeling, and confirmed by gene silencing. Allelic variation was assessed by a combination of resequencing and marker development, and the relationship between P and seed weight was assessed by a GWAS study. P is a member of clade B of subclass IIIf of plant basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. Ten race-specific P alleles conditioned the white seed phenotype, and each causative mutation affected at least one bHLH domain required for color expression. GWAS analysis confirmed the classic association of P with seed weight. In common bean, white seeds are the result of convergent evolution and, among plant species, orthologous convergence on a single transcription factor gene was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip E McClean
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Kirstin E Bett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Robert Stonehouse
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Rian Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Stephanie Pflieger
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
| | | | - Valerie Geffroy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Phil Miklas
- USDA-ARS, Grain Legumes Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
| | - Sujan Mamidi
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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Petridis A, Döll S, Nichelmann L, Bilger W, Mock HP. Arabidopsis thaliana G2-LIKE FLAVONOID REGULATOR and BRASSINOSTEROID ENHANCED EXPRESSION1 are low-temperature regulators of flavonoid accumulation. New Phytol 2016; 211:912-25. [PMID: 27125220 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid synthesis is predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level through the MYB-basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-WD40 (MBW) (MYB: transcription factor of the myeloblastosis protein family, WD40: tanscription factor with a short structural motif of 40 amino acids which terminates in an aspartic acid-tryptophan dipeptide) complex, and responds to both environmental and developmental stimuli. Although the developmental regulation of flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana has been examined in great detail, the response of the flavonoid synthesis pathway to abiotic stress (particularly low temperature) remains unclear. A screen of a Dissociation element (Ds) transposon-induced mutation collection identified two lines which exhibited an altered profile of phenylpropanoid accumulation following exposure to low-temperature stress. One of the mutated genes (BRASSINOSTEROID ENHANCED EXPRESSION1 (BEE1)) encoded a brassinosteroid enhanced expression transcription factor, while the other (G2-LIKE FLAVONOID REGULATOR (GFR)) encoded a G2-like flavonoid regulator. Phenylpropanoid-targeted analysis was performed using high-performance LC-MS, and gene expression analysis using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. In both mutants, the accumulation of quercetins and scopolin was reduced under low-temperature growing conditions, whereas that of anthocyanin was increased. BEE1 and GFR were both shown to negatively regulate anthocyanin accumulation by inhibiting anthocyanin synthesis genes via the suppression of the bHLH (TRANSPARENT TESTA8 (TT8) and GLABROUS3 (GL3)) and/or the MYB (PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS2 (PAP2)) components of the MBW complex. Our results provide new insight into the regulatory control of phenylpropanoid metabolism at low temperatures, and reveal that BEE1 and GFR act as important components of the signal transduction chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Petridis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Stefanie Döll
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Lars Nichelmann
- Botanical Institute, University of Kiel, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Botanical Institute, University of Kiel, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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