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Trickey A, Ingle SM, Boyd A, Gill MJ, Grabar S, Jarrin I, Obel N, Touloumi G, Zangerle R, Rauch A, Rentsch CT, Satre DD, Silverberg MJ, Bonnet F, Guest J, Burkholder G, Crane H, Teira R, Berenguer J, Wyen C, Abgrall S, Hessamfar M, Reiss P, d’Arminio Monforte A, McGinnis KA, Sterne JAC, Wittkop L. Contribution of alcohol use in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A collaboration of cohort studies. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:775-786. [PMID: 37338017 PMCID: PMC10526649 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Among persons with HIV (PWH), higher alcohol use and having hepatitis C virus (HCV) are separately associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether the association between alcohol use and mortality among PWH is modified by HCV. Data were combined from European and North American cohorts of adult PWH who started antiretroviral therapy (ART). Self-reported alcohol use data, collected in diverse ways between cohorts, were converted to grams/day. Eligible PWH started ART during 2001-2017 and were followed from ART initiation for mortality. Interactions between the associations of baseline alcohol use (0, 0.1-20.0, >20.0 g/day) and HCV status were assessed using multivariable Cox models. Of 58,769 PWH, 29,711 (51%), 23,974 (41%) and 5084 (9%) self-reported alcohol use of 0 g/day, 0.1-20.0 g/day, and > 20.0 g/day, respectively, and 4799 (8%) had HCV at baseline. There were 844 deaths in 37,729 person-years and 2755 deaths in 443,121 person-years among those with and without HCV, respectively. Among PWH without HCV, adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for mortality were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.08-1.29) for 0.0 g/day and 1.84 (1.62-2.09) for >20.0 g/day compared with 0.1-20.0 g/day. This J-shaped pattern was absent among those with HCV: aHRs were 1.00 (0.86-1.17) for 0.0 g/day and 1.64 (1.33-2.02) for >20.0 g/day compared with 0.1-20.0 g/day (interaction p < .001). Among PWH without HCV, mortality was higher in both non-drinkers and heavy drinkers compared with moderate alcohol drinkers. Among those with HCV, mortality was higher in heavy drinkers but not non-drinkers, potentially due to differing reasons for not drinking (e.g. illness) between those with and without HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Trickey
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Anders Boyd
- Stichting HIV MonitoringAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPublic Health Service of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Infectious DiseasesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. John Gill
- South Alberta HIV Clinic, Department of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Sophie Grabar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP)ParisFrance
- Department of Public HealthAP‐HP, St Antoine HospitalParisFrance
| | - Inma Jarrin
- National Centre of EpidemiologyCarlos III Health InstituteMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades InfecciosasInstituto de Salud Carlos III
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious DiseasesCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Giota Touloumi
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Robert Zangerle
- Austrian HIV Cohort Study (AHIVCOS)Medizinische Universität InnsbruckInnsbruchAustria
| | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Christopher T. Rentsch
- Yale School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Derek D. Satre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Fabrice Bonnet
- Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC‐EC 1401, INSERM, Univ. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERMInstitut Bergonié Hôpital St‐André, CIC‐EC 1401BordeauxFrance
| | - Jodie Guest
- Atlanta VA Medical CenterDecaturGeorgiaUSA
- Rollins School of Public Health at Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Heidi Crane
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ramon Teira
- Servicio de Medicina InternaHospital Universitario de SierrallanaTorrelavegaSpain
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
| | - Christoph Wyen
- Department I for Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Sophie Abgrall
- APHP, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital BéclèreClamartFrance
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Le Kremlin‐BicêtreVillejuifFrance
| | - Mojgan Hessamfar
- Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC‐EC 1401, INSERM, Univ. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERMInstitut Bergonié Hôpital St‐André, CIC‐EC 1401BordeauxFrance
| | - Peter Reiss
- Stichting HIV MonitoringAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Global HealthAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and DevelopmentAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Antonella d’Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Health SciencesASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Kathleen A. McGinnis
- Yale School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jonathan A. C. Sterne
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research CentreBristolUK
- Health Data Research UK South‐WestBristolUK
| | - Linda Wittkop
- Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC‐EC 1401, INSERM, Univ. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- INRIA SISTM TeamTalenceFrance
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'information Médicale, INSERMInstitut Bergonié, CIC‐EC 1401BordeauxFrance
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Helget LN, England BR, Roul P, Sayles H, Petro AD, Neogi T, O’Dell JR, Mikuls TR. Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients With Gout in the US Veterans Health Administration: A Matched Cohort Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:808-816. [PMID: 35294114 PMCID: PMC9477976 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk between patients with gout and patients without gout in the Veteran's Health Administration (VHA). METHODS We performed a matched cohort study, identifying patients with gout in the VHA from January 1999 to September 2015 based on the presence of ≥2 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for gout (274.X). Gout patients were matched up to 1:10 on birth year, sex, and year of VHA enrollment with patients without gout and followed until death or end of study (December 2017). Cause of death was obtained from the National Death Index. Associations of gout with all-cause and cause-specific mortality were examined using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS Gout (n = 559,243) and matched non-gout controls (n = 5,428,760) had a mean age of 67 years and were 99% male. There were 246,291 deaths over 4,250,371 patient-years in gout patients and 2,000,000 deaths over 40,441,353 patient-years of follow-up in controls. After matching, gout patients had an increased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.08-1.09]), which was no longer present after adjusting for comorbidities (HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.97-0.98]). The strongest association of gout with cause-specific mortality was observed with genitourinary conditions (HR 1.50 [95% CI 1.47-1.54]). Gout patients were at lower risk of death related to neurologic (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) (HR 0.63 [95% CI 0.62-0.65]) and mental health (HR 0.66 [95% CI 0.65-0.68]) conditions. CONCLUSION A higher risk of death among gout patients in the VHA was related to comorbidity burden. While deaths attributable to neurologic and mental health conditions were less frequent among gout patients, genitourinary conditions were the most overrepresented causes of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N. Helget
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Bryant R. England
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Punyasha Roul
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Harlan Sayles
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Alison D. Petro
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - James R. O’Dell
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Zordan R, Mackelprang JL, Hutton J, Moore G, Sundararajan V. Premature mortality 16 years after emergency department presentation among homeless and at risk of homelessness adults: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:501-511. [PMID: 36752734 PMCID: PMC10114125 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People experiencing homelessness have an increased risk of mortality. The association between being at risk of homelessness and premature mortality is unclear. We aimed to determine all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients who were homeless, at risk of homelessness (marginally housed), or housed. METHODS This retrospective longitudinal cohort study compared mortality patterns in adult patients identified in 2003/04 by linking data from an Australian metropolitan emergency department to national mortality data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations between housing status and mortality. To address competing risks, cause-specific hazards were modelled and transformed into stacked cumulative incidence functions. FINDINGS Data from 6290 patients (homeless deceased = 382/1050, marginally housed deceased = 259/518, housed deceased = 1204/4722) found increased risk of mortality in homeless [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.0-3.3) and marginally housed (HR = 2.6, 95% CI = 3.4-4.8) patients. Homeless patients had an excess risk from external causes (HR = 6.1, 95% CI = 4.47-8.35), cardiovascular disease (HR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.78-8.70) and cancer (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.15-2.09). Marginally housed patients had increased risk from external causes (HR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.36-5.40) and respiratory diseases (HR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.82-12.05). Taking account of competing risk, marked inequality was observed, with homeless, marginally housed and housed patients having probabilities of death by 55 years of 0.2, 0.1 and 0.02, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mortality rates were elevated in patients who were homeless or at risk of homelessness. Increasing numbers of people are at risk of homelessness, and the effect of this on mortality is relatively unrecognized. Marginal housing may assuage some risk of premature mortality associated with homelessness; however, it is not equivalent to stable housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zordan
- Inclusive Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jessica L Mackelprang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Jennie Hutton
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Emergency Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.,The Victorian Virtual Emergency Department, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Victoria 3076, Australia
| | - Gaye Moore
- Inclusive Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Vijaya Sundararajan
- Inclusive Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
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Hu C, Cao J, Zeng L, Luo Y, Fan H. Prognostic factors for squamous cervical carcinoma identified by competing-risks analysis: A study based on the SEER database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30901. [PMID: 36181049 PMCID: PMC9524987 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer has a high incidence of malignant tumors and a high mortality rate, with squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC) accounting for 80% of cases. A competing-risks model is recommended as being more feasible for evaluating the prognosis and guiding clinical practice in the future compared to Cox regression. Data originating from the Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database during 2004 to 2013 were analyzed. Univariate analysis with the cumulative incidence function was performed to assess the potential risk of each covariate. Significant covariates (P < .05) were extracted for inclusion in a Cox regression analysis and a competing-risks model that included a cause-specific (CS) hazard function model and a sub-distribution (SD) hazard function model. A total of 5591 SCC patients met the inclusion criteria. The three methods (Cox regression analysis, CS analysis, and SD analysis) showed that age, metastasis, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation sequence with surgery, lymph node dissection, tumor size, and tumor grade were prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with SCC. In contrast, race and radiation status were prognostic factors affecting survival in the Cox regression and CS analysis, but the results were different in the SD analysis. Being separated, divorced, or widowed was an independent prognostic factor in the Cox regression analysis, but the results were different in the CS and SD analyses. A competing-risks model was used as a new statistical method to more accurately identify prognostic factors than conventional Cox regression analysis leading to bias in the results. This study found that the SD model may be better suited to estimate the clinical prognosis of a patient, and that the results of an SD model analysis were close to those of a CS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Junyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Junyan Cao, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China (e-mail: )
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Medina HN, Schlumbrecht MP, Penedo FJ, Pinheiro PS. Survival for endometrial cancer as a second primary malignancy. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1490-1501. [PMID: 35098701 PMCID: PMC8921898 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) often occurs subsequently to a primary cancer arising from a different site. However, little is known regarding the survival experience of EC as a second primary (ECSP) malignancy, specifically in relation to the original primary site and prior treatment. METHODS Using Florida's cancer registry, all EC cases (first, second, or higher-order) diagnosed from 2005-2016 were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox Regression were used in a cause-specific survival analysis. RESULTS A total of 2879 clinically independent ECSPs and 42,714 first primary ECs were analyzed. The most common first primary sites for ECSPs were breast cancer (BC) (n = 1422) and colorectal cancer (CRC) (n = 359). Five-year cause-specific survival was 84.0% (95% CI: 83.6-84.3) for first primary ECs and 81.8% (95% CI: 80.0-83.4) for ECSPs. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, histology, and stage at diagnosis, ECSPs had a lower risk of EC mortality than first primary ECs (hazard ratios [HR] 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.97). ECSPs with a first primary CRC had a higher risk of EC-specific death (HR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04-2.06) compared to ECSPs that followed BC in multivariable analysis. Finally, women who had chemotherapy for ECSP and preceding BC did not have a higher risk of death (HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.49-1.31) compared to those who only received chemotherapy for first primary EC. CONCLUSIONS ECSPs present a complex clinical profile. ECSP survival is superior to that of first primary EC. However, ECSPs following CRC may constitute a population of interest for their worse prognosis. Chemotherapy for a previous BC does not seem to impact the effectiveness of chemotherapy for ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy N Medina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew P Schlumbrecht
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Frank J Penedo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paulo S Pinheiro
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Mangu CD, Rumisha SF, Lyimo EP, Mremi IR, Massawe IS, Bwana VM, Chiduo MG, Mboera LEG. Trends, patterns and cause-specific neonatal mortality in Tanzania: a hospital-based retrospective survey. Int Health 2021; 13:334-343. [PMID: 32975558 PMCID: PMC8253992 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, large numbers of children die shortly after birth and many of them within the first 4 wk of life. This study aimed to determine the trends, patterns and causes of neonatal mortality in hospitals in Tanzania during 2006–2015. Methods This retrospective study involved 35 hospitals. Mortality data were extracted from inpatient registers, death registers and International Classification of Diseases-10 report forms. Annual specific hospital-based neonatal mortality rates were calculated and discussed. Two periods of 2006–2010 and 2011–2015 were assessed separately to account for data availability and interventions. Results A total of 235 689 deaths were recorded and neonatal deaths accounted for 11.3% (n=26 630) of the deaths. The majority of neonatal deaths (87.5%) occurred in the first week of life. Overall hospital-based neonatal mortality rates increased from 2.6 in 2006 to 10.4 deaths per 1000 live births in 2015, with the early neonates contributing 90% to this rate constantly over time. The neonatal mortality rate was 3.7/1000 during 2006–2010 and 10.4/1000 during 2011–2015, both periods indicating a stagnant trend in the years between. The leading causes of early neonatal death were birth asphyxia (22.3%) and respiratory distress (20.8%), while those of late neonatal death were sepsis (29.1%) and respiratory distress (20.0%). Conclusion The majority of neonatal deaths in Tanzania occur among the early newborns and the trend over time indicates a slow improvement. Most neonatal deaths are preventable, hence there are opportunities to reduce mortality rates with improvements in service delivery during the first 7 d and maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chacha D Mangu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Susan F Rumisha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Emanuel P Lyimo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Irene R Mremi
- National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Isolide S Massawe
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Veneranda M Bwana
- National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Mercy G Chiduo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Sharma S, Katz R, Dubin RF, Drew DA, Gutierrez OM, Shlipak MG, Sarnak MJ, Ix JH. FGF23 and Cause-Specific Mortality in Community-Living Individuals-The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 69:711-717. [PMID: 33170519 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 is a key regulator of mineral metabolism and has been linked with left ventricular hypertrophy in animal models. Most existing epidemiologic studies evaluated a C-terminal FGF23 assay which measures both the intact (active) hormone and inactive fragments. The relationship of intact FGF23 with cause-specific mortality is unknown. DESIGN Prospective analyses of data from Health, Aging, & Body Composition (HABC) study. SETTING Community-living adults aged 70 to 79 years with longitudinal follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronit Katz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ruth F Dubin
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A Drew
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Orlando M Gutierrez
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael G Shlipak
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark J Sarnak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego and Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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8
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Olén O, Askling J, Sachs MC, Neovius M, Smedby KE, Ekbom A, Ludvigsson JF. Mortality in adult-onset and elderly-onset IBD: a nationwide register-based cohort study 1964-2014. Gut 2020; 69:453-461. [PMID: 31092591 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult-onset and elderly-onset IBD and to describe time trends in mortality over the past 50 years. DESIGN Swedish nationwide register-based cohort study 1964-2014, comparing mortality in 82 718 incident IBD cases (inpatient and non-primary outpatient care) with 10 times as many matched general population reference individuals (n=801 180) using multivariable Cox regression to estimate HRs. Among patients with IBD, the number of participants with elderly-onset (≥60 years) IBD was 17 873. RESULTS During 984 330 person-years of follow-up, 15 698/82 718 (19%) of all patients with IBD died (15.9/1000 person-years) compared with 121 095/801 180 (15.1%) of reference individuals, corresponding to an HR of 1.5 for IBD (95% CI=1.5 to 1.5 (HR=1.5; 95% CI=1.5 to 1.5 in elderly-onset IBD)) or one extra death each year per 263 patients. Mortality was increased specifically for UC (HR=1.4; 95% CI=1.4 to 1.5), Crohn's disease (HR=1.6; 95% CI=1.6 to 1.7) and IBD-unclasssified (HR=1.6; 95% CI=1.5 to 1.8). IBD was linked to increased rates of multiple causes of death, including cardiovascular disease (HR=1.3; 1.3 to 1.3), malignancy (HR=1.4; 1.4 to 1.5) and digestive disease (HR=5.2; 95% CI=4.9 to 5.5). Relative mortality during the first 5 years of follow-up decreased significantly over time. Incident cases of 2002-2014 had 2.3 years shorter mean estimated life span than matched comparators. CONCLUSIONS Adult-onset and elderly-onset patients with UC, Crohn's disease and IBD-unclassified were all at increased risk of death. The increased mortality remained also after the introduction of biological therapies but has decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Olén
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael C Sachs
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Neovius
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ekbom
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
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9
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Cai J, Peng C, Yu S, Pei Y, Liu N, Wu Y, Fu Y, Cheng J. Association between PM 2.5 Exposure and All-Cause, Non-Accidental, Accidental, Different Respiratory Diseases, Sex and Age Mortality in Shenzhen, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16030401. [PMID: 30708969 PMCID: PMC6388241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: China is at its most important stage of air pollution control. Research on the association between air pollutants and human health is very important and necessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between PM2.5 concentrations and residents’ mortality and to compare the effect of PM2.5 on the different diseases, accidental deaths, sex or age of residents from high polluted areas with less polluted areas. Methods: The semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAM) with Poisson distribution of time series analysis was used. The excess risk (ER) of mortality with the incremental increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration was calculated. Concentration-response relationship curves and autocorrelation between different lags of PM2.5 were also evaluated. Results: PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with the mortality of residents. The strongest ERs per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 were 0.74% (95% CI: 0.11–1.38%) for all-cause, 0.67% (95% CI: 0.01–1.33%) for non-accidental, 1.81% (95% CI: 0.22–3.42%) for accidental, 3.04% (95% CI: 0.60–5.55%) for total respiratory disease, 6.38% (95% CI: 2.78–10.11%) for chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD), 8.24% (95% CI: 3.53–13.17%) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 1.04% (95% CI: 0.25–1.84%) for male and 1.32% (95% CI: 0.46–2.19%) for elderly. Furthermore, important information on the concentration-response relationship curves was provided. Conclusions: PM2.5 can increase the risk of residents’ mortality, even in places with less air pollution and developed economy in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Cai
- National Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Chaoqiong Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yingxin Pei
- CFETP, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Rotnitzky A, Bergesio A, Farall A. Analysis of quality-of-life adjusted failure time data in the presence of competing, possibly informative, censoring mechanisms. Lifetime Data Anal 2009; 15:1-23. [PMID: 18575980 PMCID: PMC3499834 DOI: 10.1007/s10985-008-9088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We derive estimators of the mean of a function of a quality-of-life adjusted failure time, in the presence of competing right censoring mechanisms. Our approach allows for the possibility that some or all of the competing censoring mechanisms are associated with the endpoint, even after adjustment for recorded prognostic factors, with the degree of residual association possibly different for distinct censoring processes. Our methods generalize from a single to many censoring processes and from ignorable to non-ignorable censoring processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rotnitzky
- Department of Economics, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Sáenz Valiente 1010, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
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Abstract
Most research on the study of associations among paired failure times has either assumed time invariance or been based on complex measures or estimators. Little has accommodated competing risks. This paper targets the conditional cause-specific hazard ratio, henceforth called the cause-specific cross ratio, a recent modification of the conditional hazard ratio designed to accommodate competing risks data. Estimation is accomplished by an intuitive, non-parametric method that localizes Kendall's tau. Time variance is accommodated through a partitioning of space into 'bins' between which the strength of association may differ. Inferential procedures are developed, small-sample performance is evaluated and the methods are applied to the investigation of familial association in dementia onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, U.S.A
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, U.S.A
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