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Zhang J, Di Y, Zhang B, Li T, Li D, Zhang H. CDK1 and CCNA2 play important roles in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37831. [PMID: 38640322 PMCID: PMC11029925 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in oral cavity and is dominated by squamous cells. The relationship between CDK1, CCNA2, and OSCC is still unclear. The OSCC datasets GSE74530 and GSE85195 configuration files were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and were derived from platforms GPL570 and GPL6480. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database analysis were performed. Gene expression heatmap was drawn. TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs that regulate central DEGs. A total of 1756 DEGs were identified. According to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, they were predominantly enriched in processes related to organic acid catabolic metabolism, centromeric, and chromosomal region condensation, and oxidoreductase activity. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the DEGs were mainly concentrated in metabolic pathways, P53 signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed with a soft-thresholding power set at 9, leading to the identification of 6 core genes (BUB1B, CCNB1, KIF20A, CCNA2, CDCA8, CDK1). The gene expression heatmap revealed that core genes (CDK1, CCNA2) were highly expressed in OSCC samples. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database analysis demonstrated associations between the 6 genes (BUB1B, CCNB1, KIF20A, CCNA2, CDCA8, CDK1) and oral tumors, precancerous lesions, inflammation, immune system disorders, and tongue tumors. The associated miRNAs for CDK1 gene were hsa-miR-203a-3p.2, while for CCNA2 gene, they were hsa-miR-6766-3p, hsa-miR-4782-3p, and hsa-miR-219a-5p. CDK1 and CCNA2 are highly expressed in OSCC. The higher the expression of CDK1 and CCNA2, the worse the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan City, China
| | - Yongbin Di
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Tianke Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Haolei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
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Li C, Cao S, Guo M, Guo A, Sun X. Identification of potential key genes for colorectal cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36615. [PMID: 38134110 PMCID: PMC10735105 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore key genes as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and prognosis in order to improve their clinical utility. To identify and screen candidate genes involved in CRC carcinogenesis and disease progression, we downloaded the microarray datasets GSE143939, GSE196006, and GSE200427 from the GEO database and applied the GEO2R tool to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between colorectal cancer tissue samples and normal tissue samples. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the DAVID online database for gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed and related module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape. In total, 241 DEGs were identified, including 127 downregulated and 114 upregulated genes. DEGs enriched functions and pathways included cellular response to chemical stimulus, extracellular region, carbonate dehydratase activity, cell division, spindle, and cell division. The abundant functions and pathways of DEGs included cellular response to chemical stimulus, extracellular region, carbonate dehydratase activity, cell division, spindle, cell adhesion molecule binding, Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, and Cell cycle-related processes. Fifteen key genes were identified, and bioprocess analyses showed that these genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle, cell division, mitotic spindle, and tubulin binding processes. It was found that CDK1, CEP55, MKI67, and TOP2A may be involved in CRC cancer invasion and recurrence. The pivotal genes identified in this study contribute to our understanding of the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of CRC carcinogenesis and progression, and provide possible biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Jinan Fourth People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | | | - Mingxiao Guo
- Department of General Surgery Center, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Aihong Guo
- Jinan Fourth People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xuedi Sun
- Jinan Fourth People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Li C, Gao Y, Lu C, Guo M. Identification of potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer by clinical database analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32877. [PMID: 36820595 PMCID: PMC9907961 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore critical genes as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) for clinical utility. To identify and screen candidate genes involved in CRC carcinogenesis and disease progression, we downloaded microarray datasets GSE89076, GSE73360, and GSE32323 from the GEO database identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and performed a functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and correlated module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve shows the survival of the hub genes. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), and PCNA in tissues and changes in tumor grade were analyzed. A total of 329 DEGs were identified, including 264 upregulated and 65 downregulated genes. The functions and pathways of DEGs include the mitotic cell cycle, poly(A) RNA binding replication, ATP binding, DNA replication, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, and RNA transport. Forty-seven Hub genes were identified, and biological process analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle and DNA replication. Patients with mutations in CDK1, PCNA, and CCNB1 had poorer survival rates. CDK1, PCNA, and CCNB1 were significantly overexpressed in the tumor tissues. The expression of CDK1 and CCNB1 gradually decreased with increasing tumor grade. CDK1, CCNB1, and PCNA can be used as potential markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. These genes are overexpressed in colon cancer tissues and are associated with low survival rates in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of General Surgery Center, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of General Surgery Center, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Chunlei Lu
- Department of General Surgery Center, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Mingxiao Guo
- Department of General Surgery Center, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
- * Correspondence: Mingxiao Guo, Department of General Surgery Center, Linyi People’s Hospital, 27 East Jiefang Road, Linyi 276000, China (e-mail: )
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Taylor A, Gu Y, Chang ML, Yang W, Francisco S, Rowan S, Bejarano E, Pruitt S, Zhu L, Weiss G, Brennan L, Kantorow M, Whitcomb EA. Repurposing a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 ( CDK1) Mitotic Regulatory Network to Complete Terminal Differentiation in Lens Fiber Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 36734965 PMCID: PMC9907369 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose During lens fiber cell differentiation, organelles are removed in an ordered manner to ensure lens clarity. A critical step in this process is removal of the cell nucleus, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of a cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) regulatory loop in controlling lens fiber cell denucleation (LFCD). Methods We examined lens differentiation histologically in two different vertebrate models. An embryonic chick lens culture system was used to test the role of CDK1, cell division cycle 25 (CDC25), WEE1, and PP2A in LFCD. Additionally, we used three mouse models that express high levels of the CDK inhibitor p27 to test whether increased p27 levels affect LFCD. Results Using chick lens organ cultures, small-molecule inhibitors of CDK1 and CDC25 inhibit LFCD, while inhibiting the CDK1 inhibitory kinase WEE1 potentiates LFCD. Additionally, treatment with an inhibitor of PP2A, which indirectly inhibits CDK1 activity, also increased LFCD. Three different mouse models that express increased levels of p27 through different mechanisms show impaired LFCD. Conclusions Here we define a conserved nonmitotic role for CDK1 and its upstream regulators in controlling LFCD. We find that CDK1 functionally interacts with WEE1, a nuclear kinase that inhibits CDK1 activity, and CDC25 activating phosphatases in cells where CDK1 activity must be exquisitely regulated to allow for LFCD. We also provide genetic evidence in multiple in vivo models that p27, a CDK1 inhibitor, inhibits lens growth and LFCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yumei Gu
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Min-Lee Chang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wenxin Yang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sarah Francisco
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Steven Pruitt
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Liang Zhu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Grant Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lisa Brennan
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
| | - Marc Kantorow
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Whitcomb
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Huang Y, Jiang X, Yan Y, Liu G, Liu C. Expression of cell proliferation regulatory factors bricd5, tnfrsf21, cdk1 correlates with expression of clock gene cry1 in testes of Hu rams during puberty. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7379-85. [PMID: 34626314 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptochrome 1 (cry1), the core regulator of the circadian clock, is essential for ontogeny and mammalian reproduction. Unlike in other tissues, the cry1 gene have noncircadian functions in spermatogenesis, which implies the unique role of cry1 gene in the development of testis. The role of cry1 during the puberty has not been described yet. This study aimed to explore the relationship between cry1 expression and spermatogenic cell numbers. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed testicular tissues from Hu sheep aged 0-180 days by hematoxylin and eosin staining, measured cry1 and cell proliferation regulatory factors (bricd5, tnfrsf21, cdk1) expression by quantitative real-time PCR and characterized the transcription factor in the 5' flanking region of cry1 gene. The data revealed that the number of spermatocytes and early spermatocytes increased rapidly from 90 to 120 dpp (day postpartum). Correspondingly, there was a marked variation in the cry1 and cell proliferation related genes (bricd5, tnfrsf21, cdk1) mRNA expression in the testes from the age of 90 days to 180 days (p < 0.05). We also identified some transcription factors (tcfl5) related to cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant causal relationship between the transcription level of cry1 gene in Hu sheep testes and the number of spermatogenic cells. It is speculated that cry1 gene may regulate the proliferation of spermatogenic cells by regulating the expression of cell proliferation related genes such as bricd5, tnfrsf21 and cdk1.
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Abstract
Decades of studies have established that nuclear lamin polymers form the nuclear lamina, a protein meshwork that supports the nuclear envelope structure and tethers heterochromatin to the nuclear periphery. Much less is known about unpolymerized nuclear lamins in the nuclear interior, some of which are now known to undergo specific phosphorylation. A recent finding that phosphorylated lamins bind gene enhancer regions offers a new hypothesis that lamin phosphorylation may influence transcriptional regulation in the nuclear interior. In this review, we discuss the regulation, localization, and functions of phosphorylated lamins. We summarize kinases that phosphorylate lamins in a variety of biological contexts. Our discussion extends to laminopathies, a spectrum of degenerative disorders caused by lamin gene mutations, such as cardiomyopathies and progeria. We compare the prevailing hypothesis for laminopathy pathogenesis based on lamins’ function at the nuclear lamina with an emerging hypothesis based on phosphorylated lamins’ function in the nuclear interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Montes AJ, Morata G. Homeostatic response to blocking cell division in Drosophila imaginal discs: Role of the Fat/Dachsous (Ft/Ds) pathway. Dev Biol 2017; 424:113-123. [PMID: 28300568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One major problem in developmental biology is the identification of the mechanisms that control the final size of tissues and organs. We are addressing this issue in the imaginal discs of Drosophila by analysing the response to blocking cell division in large domains in the wing and leg discs. The affected domains may be zones of restricted lineage like compartments, or zones of open lineage that may integrate cells from the surrounding territory. Our results reveal the existence of a powerful homeostatic mechanism that can compensate for gross differences in growth rates and builds structures of normal size. This mechanism functions at the level of whole discs, inducing additional cell proliferation to generate the cells that populate the cell division-arrested territory and generating an active recruitment process to integrate those cells. The activation of this response mechanism is mediated by alterations in the normal activity of PCP genes of the Fat/Ds system: in discs mutant for dachs, ds or four jointed the response mechanism is not activated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ginés Morata
- Centro de Biología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Rowan S, Chang ML, Reznikov N, Taylor A. Disassembly of the lens fiber cell nucleus to create a clear lens: The p27 descent. Exp Eye Res 2016; 156:72-78. [PMID: 26946072 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The eye lens is unique among tissues: it is transparent, does not form tumors, and the majority of its cells degrade their organelles, including their cell nuclei. A mystery for over a century, there has been considerable recent progress in elucidating mechanisms of lens fiber cell denucleation (LFCD). In contrast to the disassembly and reassembly of the cell nucleus during mitosis, LFCD is a unidirectional process that culminates in destruction of the fiber cell nucleus. Whereas p27Kip1, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is upregulated during formation of LFC in the outermost cortex, in the inner cortex, in the nascent organelle free zone, p27Kip1 is degraded, markedly activating cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). This process results in phosphorylation of nuclear Lamins, dissociation of the nuclear membrane, and entry of lysosomes that liberate DNaseIIβ (DLAD) to cleave chromatin. Multiple cellular pathways, including the ubiquitin proteasome system and the unfolded protein response, converge on post-translational regulation of p27Kip1. Mutations that impair these pathways are associated with congenital cataracts and loss of LFCD. These findings highlight new regulatory nodes in the lens and suggest that we are close to understanding this fascinating terminal differentiation process. Such knowledge may offer a new means to confront proliferative diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Rowan
- Tufts University JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Laboratory of Nutrition and Vision Research, 711 Washington Street Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Min-Lee Chang
- Tufts University JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Laboratory of Nutrition and Vision Research, 711 Washington Street Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Natalie Reznikov
- Imperial College London, Depart of Materials, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Allen Taylor
- Tufts University JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Laboratory of Nutrition and Vision Research, 711 Washington Street Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Linton A, Cheng YY, Griggs K, Kirschner MB, Gattani S, Srikaran S, Chuan-Hao Kao S, McCaughan BC, Klebe S, van Zandwijk N, Reid G. An RNAi-based screen reveals PLK1, CDK1 and NDC80 as potential therapeutic targets in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:510-9. [PMID: 24327015 PMCID: PMC3899767 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumour originating in the thoracic mesothelium. Prognosis remains poor with 9- to 12-month median survival, and new targets for treatments are desperately needed. METHODS Utilising an RNA interference (RNAi)-based screen of 40 genes overexpressed in tumours, including genes involved in the control of cell cycle, DNA replication and repair, we investigated potential therapeutic targets for MPM. Following in vitro characterisation of the effects of target silencing on MPM cells, candidates were assessed in tumour samples from 154 patients. RESULTS Gene knockdown in MPM cell lines identified growth inhibition following knockdown of NDC80, CDK1 and PLK1. Target knockdown induced cell-cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Using small-molecule inhibitors specific for these three proteins also led to growth inhibition of MPM cell lines, and Roscovitine (inhibitor of CDK1) sensitised cells to cisplatin. Protein expression was also measured in tumour samples, with markedly variable levels of CDK1 and PLK1 noted. PLK1 expression in over 10% of cells correlated significantly with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RNAi-based screening has utility in identifying new targets for MPM, and that inhibition of NDC80, CDK1 and PLK1 may hold promise for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Linton
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Y Y Cheng
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - K Griggs
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford, SA, Australia
| | - M B Kirschner
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - S Gattani
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - S Srikaran
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - S Chuan-Hao Kao
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - B C McCaughan
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; The Baird Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford, SA, Australia
| | - N van Zandwijk
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - G Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
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Pushpavalli SNCVL, Sarkar A, Bag I, Hunt CR, Ramaiah MJ, Pandita TK, Bhadra U, Pal-Bhadra M. Argonaute-1 functions as a mitotic regulator by controlling Cyclin B during Drosophila early embryogenesis. FASEB J 2013; 28:655-66. [PMID: 24165481 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-231167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of Ago-1 in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis has been thoroughly studied, but little is known about its involvement in mitotic cell cycle progression. In this study, we established evidence of the regulatory role of Ago-1 in cell cycle control in association with the G2/M cyclin, cyclin B. Immunostaining of early embryos revealed that the maternal effect gene Ago-1 is essential for proper chromosome segregation, mitotic cell division, and spindle fiber assembly during early embryonic development. Ago-1 mutation resulted in the up-regulation of cyclin B-Cdk1 activity and down-regulation of p53, grp, mei-41, and wee1. The increased expression of cyclin B in Ago-1 mutants caused less stable microtubules and probably does not produce enough force to push the nuclei to the cortex, resulting in a decreased number of pole cells. The role of cyclin B in mitotic defects was further confirmed by suppressing the defects in the presence of one mutant copy of cyclin B. We identified involvement of 2 novel embryonic miRNAs--miR-981 and miR--317-for spatiotemporal regulation of cyclin B. In summary, our results demonstrate that the haploinsufficiency of maternal Ago-1 disrupts mitotic chromosome segregation and spindle fiber assembly via miRNA-guided control during early embryogenesis in Drosophila. The increased expression of cyclin B-Cdk1 and decreased activity of the Cdk1 inhibitor and cell cycle checkpoint proteins (mei-41 and grp) in Ago-1 mutant embryos allow the nuclei to enter into mitosis prematurely, even before completion of DNA replication. Thus, our results have established a novel role of Ago-1 as a regulator of the cell cycle.
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O'Donovan DS, MacFhearraigh S, Whitfield J, Swigart LB, Evan GI, Mc Gee MM. Sequential Cdk1 and Plk1 phosphorylation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B promotes mitotic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e468. [PMID: 23348582 PMCID: PMC3563996 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic cell death following prolonged arrest is an important death mechanism that is not completely understood. This study shows that Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) undergoes phosphorylation during mitotic arrest induced by microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) or polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) during mitosis prevents PTP1B phosphorylation, implicating these kinases in PTP1B phosphorylation. In support of this, Cdk1 and Plk1 co-immunoprecipitate with endogenous PTP1B from mitotic cells. In addition, active recombinant Cdk1-cyclin B1 directly phosphorylates PTP1B at serine 386 in a kinase assay. Recombinant Plk1 phosphorylates PTP1B on serine 286 and 393 in vitro, however, it requires a priming phosphorylation by Cdk1 at serine 386 highlighting a novel co-operation between Cdk1 and Plk1 in the regulation of PTP1B. Furthermore, overexpression of wild-type PTP1B induced mitotic cell death, which is potentiated by MTAs. Moreover, mutation of serine 286 abrogates the cell death induced by PTP1B, whereas mutation of serine 393 does not, highlighting the importance of serine 286 phosphorylation in the execution of mitotic cell death. Finally, phosphorylation on serine 286 enhanced PTP1B phosphatase activity. Collectively, these data reveal that PTP1B activity promotes mitotic cell death and is regulated by the co-operative action of Cdk1 and Plk1 during mitotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S O'Donovan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S MacFhearraigh
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Whitfield
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - L B Swigart
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - G I Evan
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - M M Mc Gee
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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12
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Grallert A, Patel A, Tallada VA, Chan KY, Bagley S, Krapp A, Simanis V, Hagan IM. Centrosomal MPF triggers the mitotic and morphogenetic switches of fission yeast. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:88-95. [PMID: 23222840 PMCID: PMC3549529 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of mitosis-promoting factor (MPF) drives mitotic commitment. In human cells active MPF appears first on centrosomes. We show that local activation of MPF on the equivalent organelle of fission yeast, the spindle pole body (SPB), promotes Polo kinase activity at the SPBs long before global MPF activation drives mitotic commitment. Artificially promoting MPF or Polo activity at various locations revealed that this local control of Plo1 activity on G2 phase SPBs dictates the timing of mitotic commitment. Cytokinesis of the rod-shaped fission yeast cell generates a naive, new, cell end. Growth is restricted to the experienced old end until a point in G2 phase called new end take off (NETO) when bipolar growth is triggered. NETO coincided with MPF activation of Plo1 on G2 phase SPBs (ref. 4). Both MPF and Polo activities were required for NETO and both induced NETO when ectopically activated at interphase SPBs. NETO promotion by MPF required polo. Thus, local MPF activation on G2 SPBs directs polo kinase to control at least two distinct and temporally separated, cell-cycle transitions at remote locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Grallert
- CRUK Cell Division Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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13
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Abstract
The duration of S phase in early embryos is often short, and then increases as development proceeds because of the appearance of late-replicating regions of the genome. In the April 1, 2012, issue of Genes & Development, Farrell and colleagues (pp. 714-725) demonstrate that the down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activity triggers the onset of late-replicating DNA and an increase in S-phase length in Drosophila embryos, revealing an unexpected role for Cdk1 in replication control during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Duronio
- Department of Biology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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14
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Wang SA, Li HY, Hsu TI, Chen SH, Wu CJ, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Heat shock protein 90 stabilizes nucleolin to increase mRNA stability in mitosis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43816-43829. [PMID: 21998300 PMCID: PMC3243509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have focused on the involvement of Hsp90 in the interphase, whereas the role of this protein in the nucleus during mitosis remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that the level of the acetylated form of Hsp90 decreased dramatically during mitosis, which indicates more chaperone activity during mitosis. We thus probed proteins that interacted with Hsp90 by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and found that nucleolin was one of those interacting proteins during mitosis. The nucleolin level decreased upon geldanamycin treatment, and Hsp90 maintained the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity to phosphorylate nucleolin at Thr-641/707. Mutation of Thr-641/707 resulted in the destabilization of nucleolin in mitosis. We globally screened the level of mitotic mRNAs and found that 229 mRNAs decreased during mitosis in the presence of geldanamycin. Furthermore, a bioinformatics tool and an RNA immunoprecipitation assay found that 16 mRNAs, including cadherin and Bcl-xl, were stabilized through the recruitment of nucleolin to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of those genes. Overall, strong correlations exist between the up-regulation of Hsp90, nucleolin, and the mRNAs related to tumorigenesis of the lung. Our findings thus indicate that nucleolin stabilized by Hsp90 contributes to the lung tumorigenesis by increasing the level of many tumor-related mRNAs during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-An Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yi Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center for Infection Disease and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center for Infection Disease and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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15
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Abstract
A central question in the study of cell proliferation is, what controls cell-cycle transitions? Although the accumulation of mitotic cyclins drives the transition from the G2 phase to the M phase in embryonic cells, the trigger for mitotic entry in somatic cells remains unknown. We report that the synergistic action of Bora and the kinase Aurora A (Aur-A) controls the G2-M transition. Bora accumulates in the G2 phase and promotes Aur-A-mediated activation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), leading to the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and mitotic entry. Mechanistically, Bora interacts with Plk1 and controls the accessibility of its activation loop for phosphorylation and activation by Aur-A. Thus, Bora and Aur-A control mitotic entry, which provides a mechanism for one of the most important yet ill-defined events in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Seki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
| | - Judith A. Coppinger
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Guowei Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
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16
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Abstract
In a search for Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1)-interacting proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified histone acetyltransferase binding to the origin recognition complex 1 (Hbo1) as a potential Plk1 target. Here, we show that the interaction between Plk1 and Hbo1 is mitosis-specific and that Plk1 phosphorylates Hbo1 on Ser-57 in vitro and in vivo. During mitosis, Cdk1 phosphorylates Hbo1 on Thr-85/88, creating a docking site for Plk1 to be recruited. Significantly, the overexpression of Hbo1 mutated at the Plk1 phosphorylation site (S57A) leads to cell-cycle arrest in the G1/S phase, inhibition of chromatin loading of the minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) complex, and a reduced DNA replication rate. Similarly, Hbo1 depletion results in decreased DNA replication and a failure of Mcm complex binding to chromatin, both of which can be partially rescued by the ectopic expression of WT Hbo1 but not Hbo1-S57A. These results suggest that Plk1 phosphorylation of Hbo1 may be required for prereplicative complex (pre-RC) formation and DNA replication licensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qiu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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17
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Burrows AE, Sceurman BK, Kosinski ME, Richie CT, Sadler PL, Schumacher JM, Golden A. The C. elegans Myt1 ortholog is required for the proper timing of oocyte maturation. Development 2006; 133:697-709. [PMID: 16421191 PMCID: PMC1794222 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maturation promoting factor (MPF), a complex of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B, drives oocyte maturation in all animals. Mechanisms to block MPF activation in developing oocytes must exist to prevent precocious cell cycle progression prior to oocyte maturation and fertilization. This study sought to determine the developmental consequences of precociously activating MPF in oocytes prior to fertilization. Whereas depletion of Myt1 in Xenopus oocytes causes nuclear envelope breakdown in vitro, we found that depletion of the Myt1 ortholog WEE-1.3 in C. elegans hermaphrodites causes precocious oocyte maturation in vivo. Although such oocytes are ovulated, they are fertilization incompetent. We have also observed novel phenotypes in these precociously maturing oocytes, such as chromosome coalescence, aberrant meiotic spindle organization, and the expression of a meiosis II post-fertilization marker. Furthermore, co-depletion studies of CDK-1 and WEE-1.3 demonstrate that WEE-1.3 is dispensable in the absence of CDK-1, suggesting that CDK-1 is a major target of WEE-1.3 in C. elegans oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Burrows
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Building 8, Room 323, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Abstract
The centriole, organizer of the centrosome, duplicates by assembling a unique daughter identical to itself in overall organization and length. The centriole is a cylindrical structure composed of nine sets of microtubules and is thus predicted to have nine-fold symmetry. During duplication, a daughter lacking discrete microtubular organization first appears off the wall of the mother centriole. It increases in length perpendicularly away from the mother and terminates growth when it matches the length of the mother. How a unique daughter of the correct length and overall organization is assembled is unknown. Here, we describe three types of unusual centriole configurations observed in wing imaginal discs of Drosophila following inactivation of Cdk1. First, we observed centriole triplets consisting of one mother and two daughters, which suggested that centrioles have more than one potential site for the assembly of daughters. Second, we observed centriole triplets comprising a grandmother, mother and daughter, which suggested that subsequent centriole duplication cycles do not require separation of mother and daughter centrioles. Finally, we observed centriole pairs in which the daughter is longer than its mother. These findings suggest that regulatory events rather than rigid structural constraints dictate features of the stereotyped duplication program of centrioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti J. Vidwans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California – San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0448, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mei Lie Wong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California – San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0448, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Patrick H. O'Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California – San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0448, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Author for correspondence ()
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19
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Marko D, Schätzle S, Friedel A, Genzlinger A, Zankl H, Meijer L, Eisenbrand G. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 ( CDK1) by indirubin derivatives in human tumour cells. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:283-9. [PMID: 11161389 PMCID: PMC2363695 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bisindole indirubin has been described, more than 30 years ago, as being clinically active in the treatment of human chronic myelocytic leukaemia. However, the underlying mechanism of action has remained unclear. We have reported previously that indirubin and its analogues are potent and selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). In this study, we investigated the influence of indirubin and derivatives on CDK1/cyclin B kinase in human tumour cells at concentrations known to induce growth inhibition. Cells of the mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7, synchronized by serum deprivation, after serum repletion stay arrested in the G(1)/G(0)phase of the cell cycle in the presence of 2 microM indirubin-3'-monoxime. At higher drug concentrations (> or = 5 microM) an increase of the cell population in the G(2)/M phase is additionally observed. Cells synchronized in G(2)/M phase by nocodazole remain arrested in the G(2)/M phase after release, in the presence of indirubin-3'-monoxime (> or =5 microM). After 24 h treatment with 10 microM indirubin-3'-monoxime a sub-G(2)peak appears, indicative for the onset of apoptotic cell death. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with growth inhibitory concentrations of indirubin-3'-monoxime induces dose-dependent inhibition of the CDK1 activity in the cell. After 24 h treatment, a strong decrease of the CDK1 protein level along with a reduction of cyclin B in complex with CDK1 is observed. Taken together, the results of this study strongly suggest that inhibition of CDK activity in human tumour cells is a major mechanism by which indirubin derivatives exert their potent antitumour efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marko
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
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20
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Rieder CL, Cole RW. Entry into mitosis in vertebrate somatic cells is guarded by a chromosome damage checkpoint that reverses the cell cycle when triggered during early but not late prophase. J Cell Biol 1998; 142:1013-22. [PMID: 9722613 PMCID: PMC2132863 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.142.4.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When vertebrate somatic cells are selectively irradiated in the nucleus during late prophase (<30 min before nuclear envelope breakdown) they progress normally through mitosis even if they contain broken chromosomes. However, if early prophase nuclei are similarly irradiated, chromosome condensation is reversed and the cells return to interphase. Thus, the G2 checkpoint that prevents entry into mitosis in response to nuclear damage ceases to function in late prophase. If one nucleus in a cell containing two early prophase nuclei is selectively irradiated, both return to interphase, and prophase cells that have been induced to returned to interphase retain a normal cytoplasmic microtubule complex. Thus, damage to an early prophase nucleus is converted into a signal that not only reverses the nuclear events of prophase, but this signal also enters the cytoplasm where it inhibits e.g., centrosome maturation and the formation of asters. Immunofluorescent analyses reveal that the irradiation-induced reversion of prophase is correlated with the dephosphorylation of histone H1, histone H3, and the MPM2 epitopes. Together, these data reveal that a checkpoint control exists in early but not late prophase in vertebrate cells that, when triggered, reverses the cell cycle by apparently downregulating existing cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Rieder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA.
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