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Hao R, Song Y, Yang L, Guo Y, Wu X, Ma Z, Qian Z, Liu F, Wu Z, Wang L. Electrochemical Reduction of Flue Gas Denitrification Wastewater to Ammonia Using a Dual-Defective Cu 2O@Cu Heterojunction Electrode. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5557-5566. [PMID: 38412381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Wet flue gas denitrification offers a new route to convert industrial nitrogen oxides (NOx) into highly concentrated nitrate wastewater, from which the nitrogen resource can be recovered to ammonia (NH3) via electrochemical nitrate reduction reactions (NITRRs). Low-cost, scalable, and efficient cathodic materials need to be developed to enhance the NH3 production rate. Here, in situ electrodeposition was adopted to fabricate a foamy Cu-based heterojunction electrode containing both Cu-defects and oxygen vacancy loaded Cu2O (OVs-Cu2O), which achieved an NH3 yield rate of 3.59 mmol h-1 cm-2, NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 99.5%, and NH3 selectivity of 100%. Characterizations and theoretical calculations unveiled that the Cu-defects and OVs-Cu2O heterojunction boosted the H* yield, suppressed the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and served as dual reaction sites to coherently match the tandem reactions kinetics of NO3-to-NO2 and NO2-to-NH3. An integrated system was further built to combine wet flue gas denitrification and desulfurization, simultaneously converting NO and SO2 to produce the (NH4)2SO4 fertilizer. This study offers new insights into the application of low-cost Cu-based cathode for electrochemically driven wet denitrification wastewater valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlong Hao
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, PR China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yunchang Song
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, PR China
| | - Longlong Yang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, PR China
| | - Yongxue Guo
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, PR China
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, PR China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, PR China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lidong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
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Kobędza P, Smejda-Krzewicka A, Strzelec K. The Use of Copper Oxides as Cross-Linking Substances for Chloroprene Rubber and Study of the Vulcanizates Properties. Part I. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5535. [PMID: 34639940 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to verify the ability to cross-link the chloroprene rubber (CR) by using copper oxides: copper(I) oxide or copper(II) oxide. The use of copper oxides arises from the need to limit the application of ZnO as a cross-linking agent of CR. The obtained results indicate that CR compositions cross-linked with copper oxides are characterized by good mechanical properties and a high cross-linking degree. The results show that the type and the amount of copper oxides influence the cross-linking of the CR and the properties of the vulcanizates. For compositions containing copper(II) oxide, the properties are linearly dependent on the amount of CuO. Such a relationship is difficult to notice in the case of the use of copper(I) oxide—when analyzing individual parameters, the best results are obtained for different samples. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) studies confirmed the possibility of cross-linking of chloroprene rubber with copper oxides. This is evidenced by the characteristic changes in the intensity of the bands. Structural changes in the material during heating were determined by the thermal analysis—differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Regardless of the type and amount of copper oxide, all compositions exhibit similar characteristics, and there are no significant changes in the glass transition temperature of the material.
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Koiki BA, Orimolade BO, Zwane BN, Nkwachukwu OV, Muzenda C, Nkosi D, Arotiba OA. The application of FTO-Cu 2O/Ag 3PO 4 heterojunction in the photoelectrochemical degradation of emerging pharmaceutical pollutant under visible light irradiation. Chemosphere 2021; 266:129231. [PMID: 33307414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the photoelectrochemical application of a visible light active FTO-Cu2O/Ag3PO4 photoanode for the abatement of sulfamethoxazole in water. The as-synthesised photoanodes were characterised using XRD, field emission SEM, EDX, diffuse reflectance UV-vis, impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. The results obtained confirmed a successful formation of p-n heterojunction at the Cu2O/Ag3PO4 interface. The highest photocurrent response of 0.62 mAcm-2 was obtained for the composite photoanode which was four times higher than pure Cu2O and about three times higher than pristine Ag3PO4. The photoanode gave 67% removal efficiency within 2 h upon its photoelectrochemical application in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole with 1.5 V bias potential at pH 6.2. The FTO-Cu2O/Ag3PO4 electrode was also applied in the treatment of a cocktail of synthetic organics containing sulfamethoxazole and orange II dye. The photogenerated holes was found to be the major oxidant and the photoanodes was stable and reusable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde A Koiki
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Busisiwe N Zwane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Charles Muzenda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Omotayo A Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Fodor S, Baia L, Baán K, Kovács G, Pap Z, Hernadi K. The Effect of the Reducing Sugars in the Synthesis of Visible-Light-Active Copper(I) Oxide Photocatalyst. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041149. [PMID: 33669994 PMCID: PMC7926681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, shape tailored Cu2O microparticles were synthesized by changing the nature of the reducing agent and studied subsequently. d-(+)-glucose, d-(+)-fructose, d-(+)xylose, d-(+)-galactose, and d-(+)-arabinose were chosen as reducing agents due to their different reducing abilities. The morpho-structural characteristics were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), while their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by methyl orange degradation under visible light (120 min). The results show that the number of carbon atoms in the sugars affect the morphology and particle size (from 250 nm to 1.2 µm), and differences in their degree of crystallinity and photocatalytic activity were also found. The highest activity was observed when glucose was used as the reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Fodor
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.F.); (K.B.)
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Treboniu Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (G.K.)
| | - Lucian Baia
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Treboniu Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (G.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș–Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kornélia Baán
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.F.); (K.B.)
| | - Gábor Kovács
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Treboniu Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (G.K.)
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology Tisza Lajos krt. 103, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pap
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.F.); (K.B.)
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Treboniu Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (G.K.)
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology Tisza Lajos krt. 103, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (Z.P.); (K.H.)
| | - Klara Hernadi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.F.); (K.B.)
- Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Correspondence: (Z.P.); (K.H.)
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Domagała K, Jacquin C, Borlaf M, Sinnet B, Julian T, Kata D, Graule T. Efficiency and stability evaluation of Cu 2O/MWCNTs filters for virus removal from water. Water Res 2020; 179:115879. [PMID: 32388046 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Both multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and metal or metal oxides have demonstrated virus removal efficacy in drinking water applications. In this study, MWCNTs were coated with copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) using three distinct synthesis procedures (copper ion attachment, copper hydroxide precipitation, and [Cu(NH3)4]2+ complex attachment) and virus removal efficacy (using MS2 bacteriophages) was evaluated. All synthesis procedures resulted in the presence of adsorbed, nanosized Cu2O particles on the MWCNTs, shown using X-ray diffraction. Further, transmission electron microscopy confirmed uniform copper(I) oxide distribution along the MWCNTs for all three materials. Virus removal efficacy was assessed for all three synthesised composites both before and after material conditioning (filtering for at least 24 h/280 mL/h), and accounting for additional MS2 inactivation in the permeate due to continued copper inactivation from dissolved/desorbed copper in permeate (time-control). Material conditioning influenced virus removal, with the first litres of water containing higher concentrations of copper than the sixth litres of water, suggesting excess or non-bonded copper species dissolve from filters. Higher copper dissolution was observed for water at pH 5 than at pH 7, which decreased with time. Copper dissolution most likely caused an associated decrease in copper adsorbed to MWCNTs in the filters, which may explain the observed lower MS2 removal efficacy after conditioning. Additionally, the time-control study (immediately after filtration as compared to 2 h after filtration) highlighted continued MS2 inactivation in the permeate over time. The obtained results indicate that the synthesis procedure influences virus removal efficacy for MWCNTs coated with copper oxides and that virus removal is likely due to not only virus electrostatic adsorption to the coated MWCNTs, but also through antiviral properties of copper which continues to act in the permeate. In conclusion, it is highly important to revise the methods of testing filter materials for virus removal, as well as procedure for virus concentration evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Domagała
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH, University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
| | - C Jacquin
- Department of Process Engineering, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Borlaf
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - B Sinnet
- Department of Process Engineering, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - T Julian
- Department Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Kata
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH, University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Graule
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Lin YC, Hsu LC, Lin CY, Chiang CL, Chou CM, Wu WW, Chen SY, Lin YG. Sandwich-Nanostructured n-Cu 2O/AuAg/p-Cu 2O Photocathode with Highly Positive Onset Potential for Improved Water Reduction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:38625-38632. [PMID: 31571473 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An n-Cu2O layer formed a high-quality buried junction with p-Cu2O to increase the photovoltage and thus to shift the turn-on voltage positively. Mott-Schottky measurements confirmed that the improvement benefited from a positive shift in flat-band potential. The obtained extremely positive onset potential, 0.8 VRHE in n-Cu2O/AuAg/p-Cu2O, is comparable with measurements from water reduction catalysts. The AuAg alloy sandwiched between the homojunction of n-Cu2O and p-Cu2O improved the photocatalytic performance. This alloy both served as an electron relay and promoted electron-hole pair generation in nearby semiconductors; the charge transfer between n-Cu2O and p-Cu2O in the sandwich structure was measured with X-ray absorption spectra. The proposed sandwich structure can be considered as a new direction for the design of efficient solar-related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Lin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ching Hsu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 , Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lung Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan
| | - Che-Min Chou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Wu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Yan-Gu Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan
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