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Sonagra AD, Parchwani D, Singh R, Dholariya S, Motiani A, Ramavataram D. Maternal Obesity and Neonatal Metabolic Health: Insights Into Insulin Resistance. Cureus 2024; 16:e55923. [PMID: 38469369 PMCID: PMC10925845 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity is a global health concern that leads to metabolic alterations in the offspring, making them vulnerable to metabolic disorders in adulthood. Early identification of such neonates would provide opportunities to positively alter modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to prevent their occurrence later in life. Objectives This study aimed to assess and contrast insulin resistance (IR) levels in neonates born to mothers with obesity and those born to healthy, non-obese mothers. Methods This case-control study was conducted after approval from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 98 healthy, non-obese pregnant females were included in Group 1, and 68 obese pregnant females were included in Group 2. The participants were followed up until delivery and cord blood samples were collected after delivery. Neonatal glucose and insulin concentrations were estimated, and indices of IR such as homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and glucose-to-insulin ratio were calculated. Neonatal IR indices and anthropometric measurements were compared between the groups using the Z test and correlated with the maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) using Pearson's correlation. Additionally, Pearson's correlations were examined between neonatal IR indices and anthropometric measurements. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results Neonates in Group 2 exhibited significantly higher anthropometric parameters and IR indices than those in Group 1. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, neonatal anthropometric parameters, and IR. Furthermore, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between neonatal IR and the anthropometric parameters. Conclusion Neonates born to obese mothers exhibited higher anthropometric parameters and insulin resistance than those born to non-obese, healthy mothers. Assessment of IR at birth can help identify neonates who are at higher risk of developing NCD in later life. Timely promotion of a healthy lifestyle can reduce the occurrence of NCDs in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit D Sonagra
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, IND
| | - Deepak Parchwani
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, IND
| | - Ragini Singh
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, IND
| | - Sagar Dholariya
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, IND
| | - Anita Motiani
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, IND
| | - Dvss Ramavataram
- Biochemistry, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Vadodara, IND
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West J, Santorelli G, Collings P, Bingham D, Whincup P, Sattar N, Norris T, Wright J, Lawlor DA. Associations of cord leptin and cord insulin with adiposity and blood pressure in White British and Pakistani children aged 4/5 years. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:157. [PMID: 32954010 PMCID: PMC7475957 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15433.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cord leptin and cord insulin concentrations may be important biomarkers of child adiposity and cardiovascular health, especially in populations with an increased long-term risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine whether cord leptin and insulin are associated with adiposity and early cardiovascular health at age 4/5, and whether any associations differ between White British and Pakistani children. Methods: Using bi-ethnic cohort data from 6060 mother-offspring pairs (2717 (44.8%) White British, 3343 (55.2%) Pakistani), we examined associations of cord leptin and insulin with adiposity (BMI, skinfold thickness) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 4/5. Results: Cord leptin and insulin were higher in Pakistani compared to White British children (7.4 ng/ml versus 6.7 ng/ml and 4.1 mU/L versus 3.63 mU/L , respectively). Associations with adiposity measurements were similar in both groups and close to the null value. For example, each 10 ng/ml higher cord leptin was associated with a difference in mean childhood BMI of 0.10 kg/m 2 (95% CI 0.01, 0.19) in White British, 0.01 kg/m 2 (95% CI -0.08, 0.10) in Pakistani and 0.04 kg/m 2 (95% CI -0.02, 0.11) in both groups combined. Associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also close to the null and consistent in both groups. Conclusions: We found no evidence that cord leptin or insulin were likely to be valuable biomarkers for predicting later adiposity and blood pressure in White British or Pakistani children. For now, other factors such as family history and social-economic status may be more useful markers of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Paul Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Daniel Bingham
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Peter Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tom Norris
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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