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Zhang Q, Ma W, Zhu J. Combined Toxicities of Di-Butyl Phthalate and Polyethylene Terephthalate to Zebrafish Embryos. Toxics 2023; 11:toxics11050469. [PMID: 37235283 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing concern for the ecological risks of microplastics (MPs) as carriers of hydrophobic organic contaminants is evident. Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is extensively utilized as an additive in plastic products, and both DBP and MPs are widespread in the environment. However, the combined toxicity of these substances remains uncertain. In this study, zebrafish embryos were employed to assess the toxic effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, MPs) and DBP, with a focus on the DBP toxicities influenced by PET. The embryonic chorion was partially covered by PET particles, and PET led to a delayed hatching of zebrafish embryos without inducing death or teratogenesis. On the other hand, exposure to DBP considerably inhibited the hatching of embryos, leading to severe lethal and teratogenic effects. The most common phenotypes induced by DBP exposure were delayed yolk sac absorption and pericardial edema. The mortality increased in co-treatment with 100 particles/mL PET and 2 mg/L DBP at 24 hpf and 48 hpf. The malformation phenotype, bent notochord, and delayed yolk sac absorption became more severe in 1 mg/L DBP exposition with the co-exposure of 100 particles/mL PET at 72 hpf. PET might act as a carrier that enhances the bioavailability of ambient DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Jingmin Zhu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
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Gao M, Xu Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Wang C, Dong Y, Song Z. Effect of polystyrene on di-butyl phthalate (DBP) bioavailability and DBP-induced phytotoxicity in lettuce. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115870. [PMID: 33120154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic microplastics with a relatively large surface area can act as carriers for pollutants and exert a series of indirect effects on crop plants. This study investigated the toxic effects of small polystyrene (SPS, 100-1000 nm) and large polystyrene (LPS, >10,000 nm) microplastics, on lettuce under di-butyl phthalate (DBP) stress. The results indicated that single SPS, LPS, and DBP treatments significantly decreased lettuce biomass, and induced oxidative stress and damaged lettuce leaves and roots. According to Gaussian analysis, SPS or LPS could interact with DBP through van der Waals force, thereby reducing lettuce biomass and DBP enrichment in roots and leaves under combined treatments, increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and exacerbating oxidative stress and subcellular damage, compared to single DBP treatments. Observation using scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that polystyrene (PS) adhered to the root surfaces, which, in turn, caused physical blockage of the root pores. Cell membrane and wall damage was observed during PS and/or DBP exposures, as identified by transmission electron microscopy. Molecular docking illustrated that DBP and monobutyl phthalate could interact with superoxide dismutase residues through hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, alkyl conjugation, and van der Waals forces. Interestingly, there were no statistical differences between the phytotoxicity of nano- and microplastics to lettuce. These findings showed that PS aggravated DBP-induced phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China
| | - Yalei Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Youming Dong
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China.
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Luo Y, Guo W, Ngo HH, Nghiem LD, Hai FI, Zhang J, Liang S, Wang XC. A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 473-474:619-41. [PMID: 24394371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1695] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants are emerging as a new challenge to the scientific community. This review provides a summary of the recent occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment including sewage, surface water, groundwater and drinking water. The discharge of treated effluent from WWTPs is a major pathway for the introduction of micropollutants to surface water. WWTPs act as primary barriers against the spread of micropollutants. WWTP removal efficiency of the selected micropollutants in 14 countries/regions depicts compound-specific variation in removal, ranging from 12.5 to 100%. Advanced treatment processes, such as activated carbon adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and membrane bioreactors can achieve higher and more consistent micropollutant removal. However, regardless of what technology is employed, the removal of micropollutants depends on physico-chemical properties of micropollutants and treatment conditions. The evaluation of micropollutant removal from municipal wastewater should cover a series of aspects from sources to end uses. After the release of micropollutants, a better understanding and modeling of their fate in surface water is essential for effectively predicting their impacts on the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Luo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Long Duc Nghiem
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Faisal Ibney Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Abstract
The field of environmental public health is at an important crossroad. Our current biomonitoring efforts document widespread exposure to a host of chemicals for which toxicity information is lacking. At the same time, advances in the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, genetics and epigenetics are yielding volumes of data at a rapid pace. Our ability to detect chemicals in biological and environmental media has far outpaced our ability to interpret their health relevance, and as a result, the environmental risk paradigm, in its current state, is antiquated and ill-equipped to make the best use of these new data. In light of new scientific developments and the pressing need to characterize the public health burdens of chemicals, it is imperative to reinvigorate the use of environmental epidemiology in chemical risk assessment. Two case studies of chemical assessments from the Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System database are presented to illustrate opportunities where epidemiologic data could have been used in place of experimental animal data in dose-response assessment, or where different approaches, techniques, or studies could have been employed to better utilize existing epidemiologic evidence. Based on the case studies and what can be learned from recent scientific advances and improved approaches to utilizing human data for dose-response estimation, recommendations are provided for the disciplines of epidemiology and risk assessment for enhancing the role of epidemiologic data in hazard identification and dose-response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeve E Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary A Fox
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary C Sheehan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Burke
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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