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Luo Y, Ji W, Wu W, Liao Y, Wei X, Yang Y, Dong G, Ma Q, Yi S, Sun Y. Grassland health assessment based on indicators monitored by UAVs: a case study at a household scale. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1150859. [PMID: 37799559 PMCID: PMC10548208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Grassland health assessment (GHA) is a bridge of study and management of grassland ecosystem. However, there is no standardized quantitative indicators and long-term monitor methods for GHA at a large scale, which may hinder theoretical study and practical application of GHA. In this study, along with previous concept and practices (i.e., CVOR, the integrated indexes of condition, vigor, organization and resilience), we proposed an assessment system based on the indicators monitored by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-UAVCVOR, and tested the feasibility of UAVCVOR at typical household pastures on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Our findings show that: (1) the key indicators of GHA could be measured directly or represented by the relative counterpart indicators that monitored by UAVs, (2) there was a significantly linear relationship between CVOR estimated by field- and UAV-based data, and (3) the CVOR decreased along with the increasing grazing intensity nonlinearly, and there are similar tendencies of CVOR that estimated by the two methods. These findings suggest that UAVs is suitable for GHA efficiently and correctly, which will be useful for the protection and sustainable management of grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenxiang Ji
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yafang Liao
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yudie Yang
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingshan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Yi
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Fragile Eco-environment, School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Zwirzitz B, Oladeinde A, Johnson J, Zock G, Milfort MC, Fuller AL, Ghareeb AFA, Foutz JC, Teran JA, Woyda R, Abdo Z, Looft T, Lawrence JP, Cudnik D, Aggrey SE. Temporal dynamics of the cecal and litter microbiome of chickens raised in two separate broiler houses. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1083192. [PMID: 36935743 PMCID: PMC10018173 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1083192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the ceca and litter microbiome of chickens from post-hatch through pre-harvest. To achieve this, six hundred one-day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were raised on floor pens for 49 days in two separate houses. We performed short-read and full-length sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene present in the meconium and in cecal and litter samples collected over the duration of the study. In addition, we determined the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotype of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from the meconium and the ceca of 49-day old chickens. We monitored the relative humidity, temperature, and ammonia in each house daily and the pH and moisture of litter samples weekly. The overall microbial community structure of the ceca and litter consistently changed throughout the course of the grow-out and correlated with some of the environmental parameters measured (p < 0.05). We found that the ceca and litter microbiome were similar in the two houses at the beginning of the experiment, but over time, the microbial community separated and differed between the houses. When we compared the environmental parameters in the two houses, we found no significant differences in the first half of the growth cycle (day 0-21), but morning temperature, morning humidity, and ammonia significantly differed (p < 0.05) between the two houses from day 22-49. Lastly, the prevalence of AMR in cecal E. coli isolates differed from meconium isolates (p < 0.001), while the AMR phenotype of cecal Enterococcus isolates differed between houses (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Jasmine Johnson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gregory Zock
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Marie C. Milfort
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Ahmed F. A. Ghareeb
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - James C. Foutz
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jose Alexis Teran
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Reed Woyda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Torey Looft
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Denice Cudnik
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Samuel E. Aggrey
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Fan D, He W, Smith WN, Drury CF, Jiang R, Grant BB, Shi Y, Song D, Chen Y, Wang X, He P, Zou G. Global evaluation of inhibitor impacts on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils: A meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:5121-5141. [PMID: 35678108 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors are widely considered an efficient tool for reducing nitrogen (N) loss and improving N use efficiency, but their effectiveness is highly variable across agroecosystems. In this study, we synthesized 182 studies (222 sites) worldwide to evaluate the impacts of inhibitors (urease inhibitors [UI], nitrification inhibitors [NI] and combined inhibitors) on crop yields and gaseous N loss (ammonia [NH3 ] and nitrous oxide [N2 O] emissions) and explored their responses to different management and environmental factors including inhibitor application timing, fertilization regime, cropping system, water management, soil properties and climatic conditions using subgroup meta-analysis, meta-regression and multivariate analyses. The UI were most effective in enhancing crop yields (by 5%) and reducing NH3 volatilization (by 51%), whereas NI were most effective at reducing N2 O emissions (by 49%). The application of UI mitigates NH3 loss and increases crop yields especially in high NH3 -N loss scenarios, whereas NI application would minimize the net N2 O emissions and the resultant environmental impacts especially in low NH3 -N loss scenarios. Alternatively, the combined application of UI and NI enables producers to balance crop production and environmental conservation goals without pollution tradeoffs. The inhibitor efficacy for decreasing gaseous N loss was dependent upon soil and climatic conditions and management practices. Notably, both meta-regression and multivariate analyses suggest that inhibitors provide a greater opportunity for reducing fertilizer N inputs in high-N-surplus systems and presumably favor crop yield enhancement under soil N deficiency situations. The pursuit of an improved understanding of the interactions between plant-soil-climate-management systems and different types of inhibitors should continue to optimize the effectiveness of inhibitors for reducing environmental losses while increasing productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijia Fan
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentian He
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ward N Smith
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig F Drury
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rong Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Brian B Grant
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daping Song
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping He
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou X, Feng GL, Li ZH, Liu SX, Zhao S, Li Y, Wei M. [Effects of environmental conditions on absorption and distribution of silicon and formation of bloom on fruit surface of cucumber]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:501-507. [PMID: 32476343 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of bloom formation on fruit surface of cucumber, we investigated silicon absorption and bloom formation on fruit surface of cucumber with 'Shannong No. 5' (Cucumis sativus) as scion, 'Yunnan figleaf gourd' (Cucurbita ficifolia, weak de-blooming ability) and 'Huangchenggen No. 2' (C. moschata, strong de-blooming ability) as rootstocks in solar greenhouse at winter-spring and autumn-winter growing seasons. Experimental conditions inclu-ded: T1 with temperature 28 ℃/18 ℃ (day/night), relative humidity 55%/65%, photosynthetic photon flux density 600 μmol·m-2·s-1, and T2 with temperature 22 ℃/12 ℃ (day/night), relative humidity 85%/95%, photosynthetic photon flux density 300 μmol·m-2·s-1. We examined environmental effects on silicon absorption and expression of silicon transporter genes in. The amount of bloom on cucumber fruit surface at winter-spring growing season dramatically increased compared with autumn-winter season. 'Yunnan figleaf gourd' grafted cucumber was more heavily affected by the cultivation season than self-rooted and 'Huangchenggen No. 2' grafted cucumber. In the same cultivation season, 'Yunnan figleaf gourd' grafted cucumber had the highest amount of bloom on fruit surface and silicon content, while own-rooted and 'Huangchenggen No. 2' grafted cucumber had the medium and least amount of bloom and silicon content. Silicon content in each organ and expression of silicon transporter genes in cucumber leaves and roots under T1 environment were significantly increased compared with T2. 'Yunnan figleaf gourd' grafted cucumber had the highest contents of silicon in each organ and expression of silicon transporter genes in leaves in the same environment, followed by own-rooted and 'Huangchenggen No. 2' grafted cucumber. In conclusion, environmental conditions affect absorption and allocation of silicon in cucumber plants, with conseuqnece on bloom formation on fruit surface. Suitable environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity and light, are beneficial to reduce the bloom formation on cucumber fruit surface. High temperature, strong light, and low humidity will increase bloom amount on cucumber fruit. Rootstocks have significant effects on silicon absorption and fruit bloom formation of grafted cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Gai-Li Feng
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Xia Liu
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production Collaborative Innovation Center, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production Collaborative Innovation Center, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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Park KB, Kim HT, Her NY, Lee JM. Variation of Mechanical Characteristics of Polyurethane Foam: Effect of Test Method. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12172672. [PMID: 31443352 PMCID: PMC6747564 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane foam (PUF), a representative insulation material, not only prevents heat conduction but can also support a load. Particular interest in rigid PUF proliferated over the past several years in fields where extreme environments are applied. A closed-cell structure which forms the interior of rigid PUF serves to maximize the utilization of these polymeric foams. Rigid PUF is more sensitive to external conditions such as temperature or restraint than other structural materials such as steel. Depending on the market trends in which utilization of a cryogenic environment is expanding, the tendency of material behavior resulting from the binding effect also needs to be investigated. However, most conventional compression test method standards applicable to rigid PUF do not adequately reflect the restraints. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating the mechanical performance of materials in a more reliable manner than that of conventional tests. Experimental observation and analysis validated this compression evaluation method in which constraints are considered. Consequently, the compressive strength of rigid PUF compared to the results of the conventional test showed a difference of up to 0.47 MPa (approximately 23%) at cryogenic temperatures. This result suggests that there are important factors to consider when assessing performance from a material perspective in an environment where rigid PUF insulation is utilized. It is believed that the test methods newly proposed in this study will provide an experimental framework that can be applied to the evaluation criteria of material properties and reflected in structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Beom Park
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Kim
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Nam-Yong Her
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Lee
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Ding C, Zhang B, Huang Q, Huang R, Su X. Endophytic Communities of Transgenic Poplar Were Determined by the Environment and Niche Rather Than by Transgenic Events. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:588. [PMID: 30972046 PMCID: PMC6445066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities associated with plants represent key determinants of plant health, survival, and growth. However, a good understanding of the structural composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiome present in different plant tissues and growing environments, especially in transgenic woody plants, is required. In the present study, we hypothesized that environmental conditions, ecological niches, and transgenic events could influence the community structure of plant-associated microorganisms (bacterial and fungal endophytes). We sampled the root and stem endospheres of field-grown transgenic and non-transgenic poplar trees (Populus alba × P. berolinensis) and applied 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer amplicon Illumina MiSeq sequencing to determine the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the different plant habitats and tissues. We found that actinobacteria, proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, and firmicutes were the dominant endophytic bacteria, and the fungal community was dominated by dothideomycetes, agaricomycetes, leotiomycetes, and sordariomycetes. In conclusion, transgenic events did not affect the endophytic bacterial and fungal diversity of poplar trees. The bacterial and fungal community structure depends on the pH and the soil organic matter content. Each plant tissue represents a unique ecological niche for the microbial communities. Finally, we identified the indicator operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and core microbiome associated with the different plant tissues of Populus and different environmental conditions. The results provide a basis for further study of host-microbial interactions with the identified abundant OTUs of Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Qinjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Pan P, Wu S, Hu X, Liu G, Li B. Effect of Material Composition and Environmental Condition on Thermal Characteristics of Conductive Asphalt Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10030218. [PMID: 28772580 PMCID: PMC5503353 DOI: 10.3390/ma10030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conductive asphalt concrete with high thermal conductivity has been proposed to improve the solar energy collection and snow melting efficiencies of asphalt solar collector (ASC). This paper aims to provide some insight into choosing the basic materials for preparation of conductive asphalt concrete, as well as determining the evolution of thermal characteristics affected by environmental factors. The thermal properties of conductive asphalt concrete were studied by the Thermal Constants Analyzer. Experimental results showed that aggregate and conductive filler have a significant effect on the thermal properties of asphalt concrete, while the effect of asphalt binder was not evident due to its low proportion. Utilization of mineral aggregate and conductive filler with higher thermal conductivity is an efficient method to prepare conductive asphalt concrete. Moreover, change in thermal properties of asphalt concrete under different temperature and moisture conditions should be taken into account to determine the actual thermal properties of asphalt concrete. There was no noticeable difference in thermal properties of asphalt concrete before and after aging. Furthermore, freezing–thawing cycles strongly affect the thermal properties of conductive asphalt concrete, due to volume expansion and bonding degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
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Flores S, Montoya P, Ruiz-Montoya L, Villaseñor A, Valle A, Enkerlin W, Liedo P. Population Fluctuation of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a Function of Altitude in Eastern Guatemala. Environ Entomol 2016; 45:802-811. [PMID: 27247307 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Population fluctuations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were evaluated over a period of 12 mo in four altitudinal strata (400-750, 750-1,100, 1,100-1,450, and 1,450-1,800 meters above sea level, masl) in Eastern Guatemala. Within each altitudinal range, sampling plots were established in coffee plantations and adjacent areas, in which Jackson traps were set and baited with Trimedlure. Coffee berries and other host fruits were collected. Population density was lowest at the 400-750 masl stratum and highest at 1,450-1,800 masl. At every altitudinal range, the fluctuations of the pest were associated mainly with the availability of ripe coffee berries as a primary host. From 750-1,450 masl, the pest was also associated with the availability of sweet orange and mandarins in commercial and backyard orchards. The highest densities of the pest were recorded in the dry season. Citrus were the main alternate host where ripe coffee berries were not available. This knowledge on population dynamics of C. capitata will contribute to develop more effective area-wide pest management strategies including the use of sterile insects, natural enemies, and bait sprays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Flores
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico (; ), Moscafrut Program SAGARPA-IICA Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico ,
| | - P Montoya
- Moscafrut Program SAGARPA-IICA Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - L Ruiz-Montoya
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - A Villaseñor
- Co-direction of Regional Medfly Program Mexico - Guatemala - USA (; ; ), and
| | - A Valle
- Co-direction of Regional Medfly Program Mexico - Guatemala - USA (; ; ), and
| | - W Enkerlin
- Co-direction of Regional Medfly Program Mexico - Guatemala - USA (; ; ), and Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico (; )
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9
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Shao D, He J, Lu J, Wang Q, Chang L, Shi SR, Bing TH. Effects of sawdust thickness on the growth performance, environmental condition, and welfare quality of yellow broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1-6. [PMID: 25577790 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of litter thickness on growth performance, immune status, environmental condition, and welfare quality in yellow broilers. In total, 1,800 one-day-old Suqin yellow broilers were raised for 21 d. On d 22, 1,600 birds of similar BW (404±12 g) were randomly selected and placed into 20 indoor pens (8 birds/m2, 10 m2/pen). These birds were assigned to a litter treatment of 4, 8, 12, and 16 cm. Each treatment was repeated in five pens. The results showed that a thicker litter was related to increased BW, daily weight gain, and daily feed intake (P<0.001). Feed conversion ratio and mortality were unaffected by litter thickness (P=0.320, P=0.353, respectively). Absolute and relative liver weights showed a significant linear response to increasing litter thickness (P=0.01, P=0.001, respectively). The litter moisture content, air ammonia, and CO2 content decreased, whereas the air dust content increased with increasing litter thickness (P<0.001, P=0.017, P=0.033, P<0.001, respectively). Litter thickness had no effect on gait, plumage damage, hock burn or breast skin crusting (P = 0.076, P=0.964, P=0.131, P=0.401, respectively). Plumage cleanliness, foot pad dermatitis, hock swelling and breast blister varied significantly with litter thickness (P=0.027, P=0.011, P=0.014, P=0.042, respectively). The results of this study suggest that an increasing litter thickness has a beneficial effect on the growth performance, environmental condition and welfare of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao He
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Chang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shou Rong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Hai Bing
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Rendic S, Guengerich FP. Update information on drug metabolism systems--2009, part II: summary of information on the effects of diseases and environmental factors on human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and transporters. Curr Drug Metab 2010; 11:4-84. [PMID: 20302566 PMCID: PMC4167379 DOI: 10.2174/138920010791110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present paper is an update of the data on the effects of diseases and environmental factors on the expression and/or activity of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and transporters. The data are presented in tabular form (Tables 1 and 2) and are a continuation of previously published summaries on the effects of drugs and other chemicals on CYP enzymes (Rendic, S.; Di Carlo, F. Drug Metab. Rev., 1997, 29(1-2), 413-580., Rendic, S. Drug Metab. Rev., 2002, 34(1-2), 83-448.). The collected information presented here is as stated by the cited author(s), and in cases when several references are cited the latest published information is included. Inconsistent results and conclusions obtained by different authors are highlighted, followed by discussion of the major findings. The searchable database is available as an Excel file, for information about file availability contact the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rendic
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Yang J, Matsumoto Y, Etoh T, Iwai S. Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and NO-independent signaling pathways act in ABA-inhibition of stomatal opening. Plant Signal Behav 2008; 3:131-2. [PMID: 19704732 PMCID: PMC2634002 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.2.5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in ABA-inhibition of stomatal opening in Vicia faba L. in different size dishes. When a large dish (9 cm diameter) was used, ABA induced NO synthesis and the NO scavenger reduced ABA-inhibition of stomatal opening. When a small dish (6 cm diameter) was used, ABA induced stomatal closure and inhibited stomatal opening. The NO scavenger was able to reduce ABA-induced stomatal closure, but unable to reverse ABA-inhibition of stomatal opening. Furthermore, NO was not synthesized in response to ABA, indicating that NO is not required for ABA-inhibition of stomatal opening in the small dish. These results indicated that an NO-dependent and an NO-independent signaling pathway participate in ABA signaling pathway. An NO-dependent pathway is the major player in ABA-induced stomatal closure. However, in ABA-inhibition of stomatal opening, an NO-dependent and an NO-independent pathway act: different signaling molecules participate in ABA-signaling cascade under different environmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiupian Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because the environmental fate of manufactured nanoparticles is considered an emerging environmental concern, I used water-suspended fluorescent nanoparticles (solid latex solution) to investigate the distribution of nanoparticles in the eggs and bodies of see-through medaka (Oryzias latipes). RESULTS Particles 39.4-42,000 nm in diameter were adsorbed to the chorion of medaka eggs and accumulated in the oil droplets; 474-nm particles had the highest bioavailability to eggs. Particles 39.4 nm in diameter shifted into the yolk and gallbladder during embryonic development. Adult medaka accumulated 39.4-nm nanoparticles mainly in the gills and intestine when exposed to a 10-mg/L nanoparticle solution. Nanoparticles were also detected in the brain, testis, liver, and blood. Concentrations of nanoparticles in the blood of male and female medaka were 16.5 and 10.5 ng/mg blood protein, respectively. These results suggest that nanoparticles are capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier and that they eventually reach the brain. Salinity-dependent acute toxicity was observed in medaka eggs exposed for 24 hr to nanoparticles. CONCLUSION The bioavailability and toxicity of nanoparticles depend on environmental factors and multiple physicochemical properties. Further studies on the toxic effects of nanoparticles used in commercial products and their environmental relevance, are necessary to define the risks and benefit of nanomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosaku Kashiwada
- Research Center for Environmental Chemical Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
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