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Langenberg E, Paik H, Smith EH, Nair HP, Hanke I, Ganschow S, Catalan G, Domingo N, Schlom DG. Strain-Engineered Ferroelastic Structures in PbTiO 3 Films and Their Control by Electric Fields. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:20691-20703. [PMID: 32292024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the interplay between epitaxial strain, film thickness, and electric field in the creation, modification, and design of distinct ferroelastic structures in PbTiO3 thin films. Strain and thickness greatly affect the structures formed, providing a two-variable parameterization of the resulting self-assembly. Under applied electric fields, these strain-engineered ferroelastic structures are highly malleable, especially when a/c and a1/a2 superdomains coexist. To reconfigure the ferroelastic structures and achieve self-assembled nanoscale-ordered morphologies, pure ferroelectric switching of individual c-domains within the a/c superdomains is essential. The stability, however, of the electrically written ferroelastic structures is in most cases ephemeral; the speed of the relaxation process depends sensitively on strain and thickness. Only under low tensile strain-as is the case for PbTiO3 on GdScO3-and below a critical thickness do the electrically created a/c superdomain structures become stable for days or longer, making them relevant for reconfigurable nanoscale electronics or nonvolatile electromechanical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Langenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hanjong Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Eva H Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hari P Nair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Isabelle Hanke
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Ganschow
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gustau Catalan
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Domingo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Zhang Y, Han MG, Garlow JA, Tan Y, Xue F, Chen LQ, Munroe P, Valanoor N, Zhu Y. Deterministic Ferroelastic Domain Switching Using Ferroelectric Bilayers. Nano Lett 2019; 19:5319-5326. [PMID: 31268341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Composition gradients, or dissimilar ferroelectric bilayers, demonstrate colossal electromechanical figures of merit attributed to the motion of ferroelastic domain walls. Yet, mechanistic understanding of polarization switching pathways that drive ferroelastic switching in these systems remains elusive. Here, the crucial roles of strain and electrostatic boundary conditions in ferroelectric bilayer systems are revealed, which underpin their ferroelastic switching dynamics. Using in situ electrical biasing in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), the motion of ferroelastic domain walls is investigated in a tetragonal (T) Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT)/rhombohedral (R) PZT epitaxial bilayer system. Atomic resolution electron microscopy, in tandem with phase field simulations, indicates that ferroelastic switching is triggered by predominant nucleation at the triple domain junctions located at the interface between the T/R layers. Furthermore, this interfacial nucleation leads to systematic reversable reorientation of ferroelastic domain walls. Deterministic ferroelastic domain switching, driven by the interfacial strain and electrostatic boundary conditions in the ferroelectric bilayer, provides a viable pathway toward novel design of miniaturized energy-efficient electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Joseph A Garlow
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Yueze Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Nagarajan Valanoor
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
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Fábry J. Degenerate (identity) chemical reactions in ferroelastic crystals. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2019; 75:287-290. [PMID: 32830649 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619004451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of degenerate chemical reactions in crystals is discussed. They take place in some order-disorder phase transitions in crystals. The other category of identity (degenerate) chemical reactions in crystals includes a few examples of domain reorientations with simultaneous hopping of atoms/ions in some ferroelastic crystals. The product of the hopping maybe either identical with the reactant though in a different orientation or a conjugated enantiomorph. In these examples, the hopping atom is either situated in a special position or disordered about it in the paraelastic phase. The article also discusses the definition of identity (degenerate) chemical reactions which do not take into cosideration the reactions in which the reactant and the product are enantiomers or enantiomorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fábry
- Department of Dielectrics, Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, Praha 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
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Ullah R, Ke X, Malik IA, Gu Z, Wang C, Ahmad M, Yang Y, Zhang W, An X, Wang X, Zhang J. Controllable Ferroelastic Switching in Epitaxial Self-Assembled Aurivillius Nanobricks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:7296-7302. [PMID: 30675776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Layered perovskites with Aurivillius phase have drawn tremendous attention recently, owing to their high ferroelectric Curie temperatures, large spontaneous polarization, and fatigue-free and environment-friendly characteristics. Bi2WO6 is one of the simplest members in the Aurivillius family with superior ferroelastic and photo-electrochemical behaviors. The self-assembly fabrication of its nanoarchitectures and strategic modulation of their ferroelastic switching are crucial toward highly efficient nanoscale applications. In this work, Bi2WO6 nanobrick arrays were epitaxially grown along the orthorhombic direction in a self-assembled way. Such a nanoscale topology supports out-of-plane and in-plane vectors of ferroelectric polarizations, enabling a perpendicular voltage manipulation of these emerging ferroelectric/elastic domains. Combining the scanning probe technique and transmission electron microscopy, we confirmed the in-plane polarization vectors of 78.6 and 101.4° within the crystallographic axes of the nanobricks with respect to the (110) plane of the substrate. Thus, this work provides new opportunities for ferroelectric/elastic engineering in Bi2WO6 nanostructures for a wide range of applications, such as sensing, actuating, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoxing Ke
- Institute of Microstructures and Properties of Advanced Materials , Beijing University of Technology , 100124 Beijing , China
| | | | - Zhenao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , China
| | - Chuanshou Wang
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Yuben Yang
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoqiang An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 100081 Beijing , China
| | - Jinxing Zhang
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
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Lei S, Gu M, Puggioni D, Stone G, Peng J, Ge J, Wang Y, Wang B, Yuan Y, Wang K, Mao Z, Rondinelli JM, Gopalan V. Observation of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Polar Domains and Ferroelastic Switching in a Metal, Ca 3Ru 2O 7. Nano Lett 2018; 18:3088-3095. [PMID: 29631404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polar domains arise in insulating ferroelectrics when free carriers are unable to fully screen surface-bound charges. Recently discovered binary and ternary polar metals exhibit broken inversion symmetry coexisting with free electrons that might be expected to suppress the electrostatic driving force for domain formation. Contrary to this expectation, we report the first direct observation of polar domains in single crystals of the polar metal Ca3Ru2O7. By a combination of mesoscale optical second-harmonic imaging and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, the polar domains are found to possess a quasi-two-dimensional slab geometry with a lateral size of ∼100 μm and thickness of ∼10 nm. Electronic structure calculations show that the coexistence of electronic and parity-lifting orders arise from anharmonic lattice interactions, which support 90° and 180° polar domains in a metal. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we also demonstrate a strain-tuning route to achieve ferroelastic switching of polar metal domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingqiang Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | | | - Jin Peng
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Jianjian Ge
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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Alsubaie A, Sharma P, Lee JH, Kim JY, Yang CH, Seidel J. Uniaxial Strain-Controlled Ferroelastic Domain Evolution in BiFeO 3. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:11768-11775. [PMID: 29557167 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of variable uniaxial tensile strain on the evolution of 71° ferroelastic domains in (001)-oriented epitaxial BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). For this purpose, a newly designed bending stage has been employed, which allows tensile bending as wells as in situ PFM characterization. In situ PFM imaging reveals polarization-strain correlations at the nanoscale. Specifically, ferroelastic domains with in-plane polarization along the direction of applied tensile strain expand, whereas the adjoining domains with orthogonal in-plane polarization contract. The switching is mediated by significant domain wall roughening and opposite displacement of the successive walls. Further, the domains with long-range order are more susceptible to an applied external mechanical stimulus compared to the domains, which exhibit short-range periodicity. In addition, the imprint state of film reverses direction under applied tensile strain. Finally, the strain-induced changes in the domain structure and wall motion are fully reversible and revert to their as-grown state upon release of the applied stress. The strain-induced non-180° polarization rotation constitutes a route to control connected functionalities, such as magnetism, via coupled in-plane rotation of the magnetic plane in multiferroic BFO thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsubaie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
- School of Physics , Taif University , Taif 26571 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- Unité Mixte de Physique , CNRS, Thales, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | | | | | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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Khan AI, Marti X, Serrao C, Ramesh R, Salahuddin S. Voltage-controlled ferroelastic switching in Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films. Nano Lett 2015; 15:2229-2234. [PMID: 25734797 DOI: 10.1021/nl503806p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a voltage controlled reversible creation and annihilation of a-axis oriented ∼10 nm wide ferroelastic nanodomains without a concurrent ferroelectric 180° switching of the surrounding c-domain matrix in archetypal ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films by using the piezo-response force microscopy technique. In previous studies, the coupled nature of ferroelectric switching and ferroelastic rotation has made it difficult to differentiate the underlying physics of ferroelastic domain wall movement. Our observation of distinct thresholds for ferroelectric and ferroelastic switching allows us investigate the ferroelastic switching cleanly and demonstrate a new degree of nanoscale control over the ferroelastic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Marti
- ⊥Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- ∥Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sayeef Salahuddin
- ∥Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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