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Zhang J, Mao H, Zhou K, Zhang L, Luo D, Wang P, Ye L, Chen Y. Polymer-Entangled Spontaneous Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction for Constructing Efficient Flexible Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309379. [PMID: 37901965 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) have attracted considerable attention from researchers as promising portable power sources for wearable electronic devices. However, insufficient power conversion efficiency (PCE), intrinsic stretchability, and mechanical stability of FOSCs remain severe obstacles to their application. Herein, an entangled strategy is proposed for the synergistic optimization of PCE and mechanical properties of FOSCs through green sequential printing combined with polymer-induced spontaneous gradient heterojunction phase separation morphology. Impressively, the toughened-pseudo-planar heterojunction (Toughened-PPHJ) film exhibits excellent tensile properties with a crack onset strain (COS) of 11.0%, twice that of the reference bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film (5.5%), which is among the highest values reported for the state-of-the-art polymer/small molecule-based systems. Finite element simulation of stress distribution during film bending confirms that Toughened-PPHJ film can release residual stress well. Therefore, this optimal device shows a high PCE (18.16%) with enhanced (short-circuit current density) JSC and suppressed energy loss, which is a significant improvement over the conventional BHJ device (16.99%). Finally, the 1 cm2 flexible Toughened-PPHJ device retains more than 92% of its initial PCE (13.3%) after 1000 bending cycles. This work provides a feasible guiding idea for future flexible portable power supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Houdong Mao
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Dou Luo
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
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Nirmal KA, Ren W, Khot AC, Kang DY, Dongale TD, Kim TG. Flexible Memristive Organic Solar Cell Using Multilayer 2D Titanium Carbide MXene Electrodes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2300433. [PMID: 37132557 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid systems have attracted significant attention within the scientific community due to their multifunctionality, which has resulted in increasing demands for wearable electronics, green energy, and miniaturization. Furthermore, MXenes are promising two-dimensional materials that have been applied in various areas due to their unique properties. Herein, a flexible, transparent, and conductive electrode (FTCE) based on a multilayer hybrid MXene/Ag/MXene structure that can be applied to realize an inverted organic solar cell (OSC) with memory and learning functionalities is reported. This optimized FTCE exhibits high transmittance (84%), low sheet resistance (9.7 Ω sq-1 ), and reliable operation (even after 2000 bending cycles). Moreover, the OSC using this FTCE achieves a power conversion efficiency of 13.86% and sustained photovoltaic performance, even after hundreds of switching cycles. The fabricated memristive OSC (MemOSC) device also exhibits reliable resistive switching behavior at low operating voltages of 0.60 and -0.33 V (similar to biological synapses), an excellent ON/OFF ratio (103 ), stable endurance performance (4 × 103 ), and memory retention properties (104 s). Moreover, the MemOSC device can mimic synaptic functionalities on a biological time scale. Thus, MXene can potentially be used as an electrode for highly efficient OSCs with memristive functions for future intelligent solar cell modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran A Nirmal
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Wanqi Ren
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Atul C Khot
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Dae Yun Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Tukaram D Dongale
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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3
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Xu Z, Xu G, Luo Q, Han Y, Tang Y, Miao Y, Li Y, Qin J, Guo J, Zha W, Gong C, Lu K, Zhang J, Wei Z, Cai R, Yang Y, Li Z, Ma CQ. In situ performance and stability tests of large-area flexible polymer solar cells in the 35-km stratospheric environment. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac285. [PMID: 36960222 PMCID: PMC10029844 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) are one of the most promising power sources for aerospace aircraft due to their attractive advantages with high power-per-weight ratio and excellent mechanical flexibility. Understanding the performance and stability of high-performance FOSCs is essential for the further development of FOSCs for aerospace applications. In this paper, after systematic investigations on the performance of the state-of-the-art high-performance solar cells under thermal cycle and intensive UV irradiation conditions, in situ performance and stability tests of the solar cells in the 35 km stratospheric environment were carried out through a high-altitude balloon uploading. The encapsulated FOSCs with an area of 0.64 cm2 gave the highest power density of 15.26 mW/cm2 and an efficiency over 11%, corresponding to a power-per-weight ratio of over 3.32 kW/kg. More importantly, the cells showed stable power output during the 3-h continuous flight at 35 km and only 10% performance decay after return to the lab, suggesting promising stability of the FOSCs in the stratospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- i-Lab & Printable Electronic Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | | | - Qun Luo
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Yunfei Han
- i-Lab & Printable Electronic Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jian Qin
- i-Lab & Printable Electronic Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingbo Guo
- i-Lab & Printable Electronic Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wusong Zha
- i-Lab & Printable Electronic Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Gong
- i-Lab & Printable Electronic Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Rong Cai
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yanchu Yang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
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Kim JW, Chung SI, Kim PK, Ha TG, Yeop J, Lee W, Rasool S, Kim JY. Mechanically Stable Flexible Organic Photovoltaics with Silver Nanomesh for Indoor Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:5378-5386. [PMID: 36670528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced device performance of flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) was achieved according to the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). OSCs are promising candidates as energy sources for low-power supply systems such as the Internet of Things (IoT) under indoor lighting environments. To apply FOSCs to flexible or wearable applications, they must be mechanically stable. In this study, we fabricated FOSCs with silver nanomesh (AgNM) as the bottom transparent conductive electrode (TCE). Instead of indium tin oxide (ITO), AgNMs were prepared using three pitches of 25, 50, and 100 μm with a square pattern, using a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. Notably, the device using AgNMs with a pitch of 25 μm exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.93% under 1 sun illumination and 17.91% under 1000 lux of light-emitting diode (LED) light conditions. Flexible devices using AgNMs maintained over 92% of their initial PCE under 1 sun illumination (PCE decreased to 12.98 from 14.04%) and over 92% when tested under 1000 lux of LED light illumination (PCE decreased to 16.57 from 17.91%) after 1000 instances of bending. These results demonstrate the advantages of using AgNMs as an alternative TCE under both 1 sun and indoor lightning environments and are promising candidates for flexible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Chung
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Miryang50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan Kyeom Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Miryang50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Ha
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Miryang50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Yeop
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Lee
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafket Rasool
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
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Qin F, Sun L, Chen H, Liu Y, Lu X, Wang W, Liu T, Dong X, Jiang P, Jiang Y, Wang L, Zhou Y. 54 cm 2 Large-Area Flexible Organic Solar Modules with Efficiency Above 13. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103017. [PMID: 34369026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Development of large-area flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) is highly desirable for their practical applications. However, the efficiency of the large-area flexible OSCs severely lags behind small-area devices. Here, efficient large-area flexible single cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.1% and 12.6% for areas of 6 and 10 cm2 , and flexible modules with a PCE of 13.2% (54 cm2 ) based on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Ag grid/silver nanowires (AgNWs):zinc-chelated polyethylenimine (PEI-Zn) composite electrodes are reported. The solution-processed flexible transparent electrode of AgNWs:PEI-Zn shows low surface roughness and good optoelectronic and mechanical properties. PEI-Zn is conductive and optically transparent. It can adhere to and wrap the AgNWs under electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged surface (AgNWs) and positively charged protonated amine groups (in PEI-Zn). It wraps the AgNWs networks and fills the void space to achieve a smooth surface. The flexible electrode is validated in both flexible OSCs and flexible quantum-dots light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Small-area flexible OSCs show a PCE of 16.1%, and flexible QLEDs show an external quantum efficiency of 13.3%. In the end, a flexible module is demonstrated to charge a mobile phone as a flexible power source (shown in Video S1, Supporting Information).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongting Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tiefeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinyun Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Youyu Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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6
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Xie C, Jiang X, Zhu Q, Wang D, Xiao C, Liu C, Ma W, Chen Q, Li W. Mechanical Robust Flexible Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2100481. [PMID: 34928045 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the advantages of being lightweight and compatible with surfaces with different deformations, flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) have broad scopes of applications, including wearable electronics and portable devices. Most flexible OSCs focus on the two-component bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photo-active layers, but they usually suffer from degradation problems both in efficiency and mechanical durability derived from the limited phase stability under mechanical and thermal stress. Whereas, single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on the double-cable conjugated polymer are supposed to possess excellent mechanical robustness and long-term stability. Here, the first flexible SCOSCs based on a double-cable polymer are fabricated on a transparent silver nanowires (AgNWs) electrode on a plastic foil. Impressively, the obtained flexible SCOSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.21%. The flexible SCOSCs are further demonstrated to possess superior mechanical robustness (>95% retention after 1000 bending cycles) and storage stability (>97% retention after 430 h in nitrogen atmosphere) compared to several BHJ-type flexible OSCs. The pseudo-free-standing tensile test and morphology investigation are conducted to reveal the distinction in mechanical durability of the single-component polymer film and the BHJ-type films. Besides, ultraflexible SCOSCs are also fabricated, indicating the application prospect and superiority in flexible devices and wearable electronic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qinglian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Han Y, Chen X, Wei J, Ji G, Wang C, Zhao W, Lai J, Zha W, Li Z, Yan L, Gu H, Luo Q, Chen Q, Chen L, Hou J, Su W, Ma C. Efficiency above 12% for 1 cm 2 Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Ag/Cu Grid Transparent Conducting Electrode. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1901490. [PMID: 31763148 PMCID: PMC6864593 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid progress of organic solar cells (OSCs), improvement in the efficiency of large-area flexible OSCs (>1 cm2) is crucial for real applications. However, the development of the large-area flexible OSCs severely lags behind the growth of the small-area OSCs, with the electrical loss due to the large sheet resistance of the electrode being a main reason. Herein, a high conductive and high transparent Ag/Cu composite grid with sheet resistance <1 Ω sq-1 and an average visible light transparency of 84% is produced as the transparent conducting electrode of flexible OSCs. Based on this Ag/Cu composite grid electrode, a high efficiency of 12.26% for 1 cm2 flexible OSCs is achieved. The performances of large-area flexible OSCs also reach 7.79% (4 cm2) and 7.35% (9 cm2), respectively, which are much higher than those of the control devices with conventional flexible indium tin oxide electrodes. Surface planarization using highly conductive PEDOT:PSS and modification of the ZnO buffer layer by zirconium acetylacetonate (ZrAcac) are two necessary steps to achieve high performance. The flexible OSCs employing Ag/Cu grid have excellent mechanical bending resistance, maintaining high performance after bending at a radius of 2 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Han
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wei
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Guoqi Ji
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Junqi Lai
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Wusong Zha
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Zerui Li
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Huiming Gu
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Wenming Su
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Qi Ma
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
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8
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Seo KW, Lee J, Jo J, Cho C, Lee JY. Highly Efficient (>10%) Flexible Organic Solar Cells on PEDOT-Free and ITO-Free Transparent Electrodes. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902447. [PMID: 31304650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to fabricate flexible organic solar cells is proposed without indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using junction-free metal nanonetworks (NNs) as transparent electrodes. The metal NNs are monolithically etched using nanoscale shadow masks, and they exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance. Furthermore, the optoelectrical properties of the NNs can be controlled by both the initial metal layer thickness and NN density. Hence, with an extremely thin silver layer, the appropriate density control of the networks can lead to high transmittance and low sheet resistance. Such NNs can be utilized for thin-film devices without planarization by conductive materials such as PEDOT:PSS. A highly efficient flexible organic solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.6% and high device yield (93.8%) is fabricated on PEDOT-free and ITO-free transparent electrodes. Furthermore, the flexible solar cell retains 94.3% of the initial PCE even after 3000 bending stress tests (strain: 3.13%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Won Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jihwan Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Tang H, Feng H, Wang H, Wan X, Liang J, Chen Y. Highly Conducting MXene-Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:25330-25337. [PMID: 31268659 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
MXene, a new class of two-dimensional materials, offers a unique combination of metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity. This material has shown great promise in numerous applications including electromagnetic interference shielding, sensing, energy storage, and catalysis. In this paper, we report on the fabrication of transparent, conductive, and flexible MXene/silver nanowire (AgNW) hybrid films, resulting in the highest figure of merit (162.49) in the reported literature to date regarding an MXene-based transparent electrode. The hybrid films, prepared via a simple and scalable solution-processed method, exhibit good electrical conductivity, high transmittance, low roughness, work function matching, and robust mechanical performance. Following film fabrication, the hybrid electrodes were demonstrated to function as transparent electrodes in fullerene molecule PTB7-Th:PC71BM and nonfullerene molecule PBDB-T:ITIC organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In an effort to further improve the performance of flexible OPVs, a ternary structure of PBDB-T:ITIC:PC71BM was demonstrated, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.30%. Mechanical properties were also quantified, with the flexible ternary organic solar cells capable of retaining 84.6% of the original PCE after 1000 bending and unbending cycles to a 5 mm bending radius. These optoelectronic and mechanical performance metrics represent a breakthrough in the field of flexible optoelectronics.
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10
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Ginting RT, Jeon EB, Kim JM, Jin WY, Kang JW. Dual Light Trapping and Water-Repellent Effects of a Flexible-Based Inverse Micro-Cone Array for Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:31291-31299. [PMID: 30133246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple and cost-effective fabrication process of a flexible-based inverse micro-cone array (i-MCA) structure textured on flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) was successfully demonstrated via a micro-imprinting process. The flexible i-MCA films exhibited an extremely high total transmittance of ∼93% and a haze of ∼95% with reduced reflectance while simultaneously demonstrating water-repellent properties. Introducing i-MCA on the illuminating side of organic solar cells (OSCs)- and perovskite solar cells-rigid glass substrate showed improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) due to the light trapping effect by multiple light bounces between cone array structures (forward scattering). This results in an increase of the optical path length in the photoactive layer. Similarly, flexible TCEs embedded with textured i-MCA increased the PCE by 14% for flexible OSCs. More importantly, i-MCA-TCE-based OSCs were highly flexible with 98% retention from the initial PCE at both 0° and at 60° even after 2000 bending cycles at a radius of 2 mm. This finding demonstrates that textured i-MCA is promising for improving: (a) the light harvesting efficiency of solar cells when installed in low-/high-latitude locations and (b) the wearable technology where a flexible device attached on curved objects could retain the PCE, even at an oblique angle, with respect to the normal incidence angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riski Titian Ginting
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Universitas Prima Indonesia , Medan 20118 , Indonesia
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11
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Song W, Fan X, Xu B, Yan F, Cui H, Wei Q, Peng R, Hong L, Huang J, Ge Z. All-Solution-Processed Metal-Oxide-Free Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 10% Efficiency. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1800075. [PMID: 29766587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
All-solution-processing at low temperatures is important and desirable for making printed photovoltaic devices and also offers the possibility of a safe and cost-effective fabrication environment for the devices. Herein, an all-solution-processed flexible organic solar cell (OSC) using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-(styrenesulfonate) electrodes is reported. The all-solution-processed flexible devices yield the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.12% with high fill factor of over 70%, which is the highest value for metal-oxide-free flexible OSCs reported so far. The enhanced performance is attributed to the newly developed gentle acid treatment at room temperature that enables a high-performance PEDOT:PSS/plastic underlying substrate with a matched work function (≈4.91 eV), and the interface engineering that endows the devices with better interface contacts and improved hole mobility. Furthermore, the flexible devices exhibit an excellent mechanical flexibility, as indicated by a high retention (≈94%) of the initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles. This work provides a simple route to fabricate high-performance all-solution-processed flexible OSCs, which is important for the development of printing, blading, and roll-to-roll technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xi Fan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Bingang Xu
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Huiqin Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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12
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Seo JH, Hwang I, Um HD, Lee S, Lee K, Park J, Shin H, Kwon TH, Kang SJ, Seo K. Cold Isostatic-Pressured Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells via Room-Temperature Processes. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1701479. [PMID: 28605071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are considered to be an essential structural component of flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs). Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes are widely used as TCEs owing to their excellent electrical and optical properties. The fabrication of AgNW electrodes has faced challenges in terms of forming large uniform interconnected networks so that high conductivity and reproducibility can be achieved. In this study, a simple method for creating an intimate contact between AgNWs that uses cold isostatic pressing (CIP) is demonstrated. This method increases the conductivity of the AgNW electrodes, which enables the fabrication of high-efficiency inverted FOSCs that have a power conversion efficiency of 8.75% on flexible polyethylene terephthalate with no short circuiting occurring as the CIP process minimizes the surface roughness of the AgNW electrode. This allows to achieve 100% manufacturing yield of FOSCs. Furthermore, these highly efficient FOSCs are proven to only be 2.4% less efficient even for an extreme bending radius of R ≈ 1.5 mm, compared with initial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Inchan Hwang
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Han-Don Um
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sojeong Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kangmin Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyeonoh Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kwanyong Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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