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Trivedi S, Deering-Rice CE, Aamodt SE, Huecksteadt TP, Myers EJ, Sanders KA, Paine R, Warren KJ. Progesterone amplifies allergic inflammation and airway pathology in association with higher lung ILC2 responses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38651968 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00207.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Perimenstrual worsening of asthma occurs in up to 40% of asthmatic women, leading to increased acute exacerbations requiring clinical care. The role of sex hormones during these times remains unclear. In the current study, we used a translational approach to determine whether progesterone exacerbates allergic inflammation in the traditional OVA model in BALB/c mice. Simultaneously, we used PBMC from healthy human donors to assess the effects of progesterone on circulating ILC2. Briefly, lungs of ovarectomized (OVX) or sham-operated female (F-Sham) controls were implanted with a progesterone (P4, 25mg) (OVX-P4) or placebo pellet (OVX-Placebo), followed by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Progesterone increased total inflammatory histologic scores, increased hyper-responsiveness to methacholine, increased select chemokines in the BAL and serum, and increased ILC2 and neutrophil numbers, along the airways in comparison to F-Sham-OVA and OVX-Placebo-OVA animals. Lung ILC2 were sorted from F-Sham-OVA, OVX-Placebo-OVA and OVX-P4-OVA treated animals and stimulated with IL-33. OVX-P4-OVA lung ILC2 were more responsive to IL-33 compared to F-Sham-OVA treated, producing more IL-13 and chemokines following IL-33 stimulation. We confirmed the expression of the progesterone receptor (PR) on human ILC2, and showed that P4 + IL-33 stimulation also increased IL-13 and chemokine production from human ILC2. We establish that murine ILC2 are capable of responding to P4 and thereby contribute to allergic inflammation in the lung. We confirmed that human ILC2 are also hyper-responsive to P4 and IL-33 and likely contribute to airway exacerbations following allergen exposures in asthmatic women with increased symptoms around the time of menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Department of Internal medicine, University of Utah, Salt lake city, UT, United States
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Samuel E Aamodt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Thomas P Huecksteadt
- George E Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Myers
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Karl A Sanders
- George E Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kristi J Warren
- George E Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Yue J, Guo H, Xu P, Ma J, Wu Y. Activation of the GPR35 on ILC2 drives immunosuppression to promote lung cancer progression. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:2426-2438. [PMID: 37424810 PMCID: PMC10326596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer type with poor prognosis. While G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is a potent stimulator of tumor growth, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) have shown dual effects in tumorigenesis. Intriguingly, inflammation induced GPR35 activation leads to an upregulation in the markers associated with ILC2. Here, we reported that GPR35 knockout mice exhibited a significantly reduced tumor growth and altered immune infiltration in tumors. Furthermore, activating GPR35 in different mouse models promoted tumor development by enhancing the production of IL-5 and IL-13, thereby facilitating the formation of the ILC2-MDSC axis. Moreover, we found that GPR35 was a poor prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Together, our findings suggest the potential application of targeting GPR35 in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhong Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST)Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Saito K, Orimo K, Kubo T, Tamari M, Yamada A, Motomura K, Sugiyama H, Matsuoka R, Nagano N, Hayashi Y, Arae K, Hara M, Ikutani M, Fukuie T, Sudo K, Matsuda A, Ohya Y, Fujieda S, Saito H, Nakae S, Matsumoto K, Akdis CA, Morita H. Laundry detergents and surfactants induced eosinophilic airway inflammation by increasing IL-33 expression and activating ILC2s. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 37163231 DOI: 10.1111/all.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies demonstrated that cleaning work and frequent use of cleaning products are risk factors for asthma. Laundry detergents have been reported to have epithelial barrier-opening effects. However, whether laundry detergents directly induce airway inflammation and its mechanisms in vivo remain to be elucidated. METHODS Two commercial laundry detergents and two commonly-used surfactants for cleaning and cosmetics (sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) were intranasally administered to mice. Lungs were analyzed using flow cytometry, histology, ELISA, and quantitative PCR. Human bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with laundry detergents and analyzed using quantitative PCR and western blotting. Involvement of oxidative stress was assessed using an antioxidant. Dust samples from homes were analyzed to determine their detergent content by measuring their critical micelle concentration (CMC). RESULTS The administered laundry detergents and surfactants induced eosinophilic airway inflammation accompanied by increased IL-33 expression and activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Detergent-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation was significantly attenuated in Rag2-/- Il2rg-/- , Il33-/- mice, and also in wild-type mice treated with NAC. Detergent-induced IL-33 expression in airways was attenuated by NAC treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. CMCs were found in all of the tested dust extracts, and they differed significantly among the homes. CONCLUSION The laundry detergents and surfactants induced eosinophilic airway inflammation in vivo through epithelial cell and ILC2 activation. They induced IL-33 expression in airway epithelial cells through oxidative stress. Furthermore, detergent residues were present in house dust and are presumably inhaled into the airway in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Keisuke Orimo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Tamari
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamada
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugiyama
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuoka
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Nagano
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Hayashi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ken Arae
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukuie
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Pre-clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuda
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos Wolfgang 7265, Switzerland
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu AY, Peebles RS. The emerging role of IL-23 in asthma and its clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1-5. [PMID: 36106675 PMCID: PMC9780171 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2125380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Y. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
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Huang YA, Strohm A, Doherty T. Modulating ILC2 function for treatment of type 2 airway diseases. Curr Trends Immunol 2022; 23:85-90. [PMID: 37396395 PMCID: PMC10311961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 airway diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma remain a major health concern. These disorders are largely characterized by an uncontrolled type 2 immune response with elevated cytokines of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia as well as tissue remodeling. In the last few decades, critical potential roles of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in type 2 human diseases have emerged. Unlike their lymphocyte counterpart T cells, ILCs lack antigen-specific receptors and are largely tissue resident. Specifically, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) respond to airway epithelium-derived alarmins (TSLP, IL-33) and secrete high levels of type 2 cytokines. ILC2 responses can bypass the activation of T cells as well as develop corticosteroid-resistance. Currently approved biologics targeting the alarmin thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) or the IL-4/IL-13 receptor may reduce ILC2 activation, though novel treatments of type 2 airway diseases remain needed. In this review, we briefly discuss the pathogenesis of ILC2-mediated airway diseases followed by their current and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-An Huang
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allyssa Strohm
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Doherty
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Toki S, Newcomb DC, Printz RL, Cahill KN, Boyd KL, Niswender KD, Peebles RS. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist inhibits aeroallergen-induced activation of ILC2 and neutrophilic airway inflammation in obese mice. Allergy 2021; 76:3433-3445. [PMID: 33955007 PMCID: PMC8597133 DOI: 10.1111/all.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for the development of asthma. However, pharmacologic therapeutic strategies that specifically target obese asthmatics have not been identified. We hypothesize that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment inhibits aeroallergen-induced early innate airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma in the setting of obesity. METHODS SWR (lean) and TALLYHO (obese) mice were challenged intranasally with Alternaria alternata extract (Alt-Ext) or PBS for 4 consecutive days concurrent with GLP-1RA or vehicle treatment. RESULTS TALLYHO mice had greater Alt-Ext-induced airway neutrophilia and lung protein expression of IL-5, IL-13, CCL11, CXCL1, and CXCL5, in addition to ICAM-1 expression on lung epithelial cells compared with SWR mice, and all endpoints were reduced by GLP-1RA treatment. Alt-Ext significantly increased BALF IL-33 in both TALLYHO and SWR mice compared to PBS challenge, but there was no difference in the BALF IL-33 levels between these two strains. However, TALLYHO, but not SWR, mice had significantly higher airway TSLP in BALF following Alt-Ext challenge compared to PBS, and BALF TSLP was significantly greater in TALLYHO mice compared to SWR mice following airway Alt-Ext challenge. GLP-1RA treatment significantly decreased the Alt-Ext-induced TSLP and IL-33 release in TALLYHO mice. While TSLP or ST2 inhibition with a neutralizing antibody decreased airway eosinophils, they did not reduce airway neutrophils in TALLYHO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GLP-1RA treatment may be a novel pharmacologic therapeutic strategy for obese persons with asthma by inhibiting aeroallergen-induced neutrophilia, a feature not seen with either TSLP or ST2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Richard L. Printz
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and MetabolismVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Katherine N. Cahill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and MetabolismVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- United States Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTNUSA
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- United States Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTNUSA
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7
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Loering S, Cameron GJM, Bhatt NP, Belz GT, Foster PS, Hansbro PM, Starkey MR. Differences in pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cells are dependent on mouse age, sex and strain. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:542-551. [PMID: 33295058 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are resident in the lung and are involved in both the maintenance of homeostasis and the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. In this study, murine lung ILCs were characterized using flow cytometry and the impact of mouse age, sex and strain were assessed. Lung ILCs were found as early as postnatal day 4 and numbers peaked at 2 weeks, and then decreased as the lung matured. During postnatal lung development, ILC expressed differential amounts of group 2 ILC (ILC2)-associated cell surface antigens including ST2, CD90.2 and ICOS. Using Il5venus Il13td-tomato dual reporter mice, neonates were found to have increased constitutive interleukin (IL)-13 expression compared with adult mice. Neonates and adults had similar ratios of IL-5+ CD45+ leukocytes; however, these cells were mostly composed of ILCs in neonates and T cells in adults. Sex-specific differences in ILC numbers were also observed, with females having greater numbers of lung ILCs than males in both neonatal and adult mice. Female lung ILCs also expressed higher levels of ICOS and decreased KLRG1. Mouse strain also impacted on lung ILCs with BALB/c mice having more ILCs in the lung and increased expression of ST2 and ICOS compared with C57BL/6J mice. Collectively, these data show that lung ILC numbers, cell surface antigen expression, IL-5 and IL-13 levels differed between neonatal and adult lung ILCs. In addition, cell surface antigens commonly used for ILC2 quantification, such as ST2, CD90.2 and ICOS, differ depending on age, sex and strain and these are important considerations for consistent universal identification of lung ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Loering
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy J M Cameron
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nirmal P Bhatt
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Chen W, Shu Q, Fan J. Neural Regulation of Interactions Between Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Pulmonary Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576929. [PMID: 33193374 PMCID: PMC7658006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the involvement of nervous system in the regulation of immune responses. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which function as a crucial bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, are present in large numbers in barrier tissues. Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters have been found to participate in the regulation of ILC2, adding a new dimension to neuroimmunity. However, a comprehensive and detailed overview of the mechanisms of neural regulation of ILC2, associated with previous findings and prospects for future research, is still lacking. In this review, we compile existing information that supports neurons as yet poorly understood regulators of ILC2 in the field of lung innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on neural regulation of the interaction between ILC2 and pulmonary immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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