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Rienecke RD, Mehler PS, Duffy A, Le Grange D, Blalock DV. A brief examination of treatment outcomes in higher levels of care for individuals with eating disorders across age groups. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024; 32:431-439. [PMID: 38013216 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although eating disorders (EDs) occur throughout the lifespan, little research has been conducted with midlife/older adults, particularly those in higher levels of care (HLOC). The current study examined outcomes among 2009 patients with EDs receiving HLOC treatment at a large multisite facility between January 2020 and June 2022, across different age groups (ages <18, 18-25, 26-39 and ≥40). It was hypothesised that patients aged 40+ would exhibit less improvement on measures of ED psychopathology and depression than other age groups. METHOD Participants completed the eating disorder examination-questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at admission and discharge. RESULTS Changes for all outcomes from admission to discharge were statistically significant at p < 0.001 across all age groups. Changes in the EDE-Q Restraint subscale were significantly less in patients ages 26-39 than in patients ages 18-25 (p < 0.01). Changes in PHQ-9 were significantly greater in patients ages 40+ than patients ages 18-25 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to hypotheses, patients ages 40+ did not show worse outcomes than younger patients, and showed greater improvements in depression than young adults. The therapeutic needs of midlife/older adults with EDs may be favourably met by a HLOC regimen as described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
- ACUTE at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan Duffy
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Reilly EE, Gorrell S, Johnson C, Duffy A, Blalock DV, Mehler P, Johnson M, Le Grange D, Rienecke RD. Characterising use of recovery record among a large, transdiagnostic sample of adults with eating disorders across higher levels of care. Euro Eating Disorders Rev 2024; 32:404-416. [PMID: 37997259 PMCID: PMC10994750 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smartphone applications (i.e., apps) designed to target mental health symptoms have received increasing public and empirical attention, including in eating disorder|eating disorders (EDs) treatment. While some data have begun to characterise app users in non-controlled settings, there is limited information on use of apps in higher levels of care (e.g., partial hospitalisation or residential treatment programs) for EDs. METHOD This study aimed to explore metrics of use while in treatment for a commonly used ED-focused mobile app (Recovery Record) among individuals enroled in intensive outpatient, partial hospitalisation, residential, or inpatient treatments (N = 2042). RESULTS Results indicated that older individuals and participants with binge eating disorder demonstrated more frequent app engagement compared to younger participants and other ED diagnoses, respectively. Individuals entering at intensive outpatient and partial hospitalisation levels of care, as well as those with routine discharges engaged more frequently with RR compared to individuals entering in inpatient or residential treatment, and those with non-routine discharges. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide initial descriptions of how RR may be used within higher levels of care for adults with EDs. Further work is needed to establish the benefit of these apps in clinical settings for EDs over and above standard treatment, better characterise for whom these apps provide benefit, and identify how best to tailor the experience to promote engagement across the full spectrum of ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Gorrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig Johnson
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan Duffy
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip Mehler
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Acute Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Madelyn Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago (Emeritus), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Renee D Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Rienecke RD, Mehler PS, Duffy A, Le Grange D, Peterson CB, Blalock DV. Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire: Norms for Adults in Higher Levels of Care. Assessment 2023:10731911231208386. [PMID: 37927104 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231208386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Establishing normative data for questionnaires is essential for the accurate interpretation of scores, given that these norms can vary according to different subpopulations and treatment contexts. The purpose of this study was to establish norms for the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among adults receiving higher levels of care (HLOCs) for the treatment of eating disorders. Participants were 2,283 people receiving treatment at the inpatient, residential, partial hospitalization, or intensive outpatient levels of care. The EDE-Q was completed at admission. Patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting subtype (AN-R) had the lowest EDE-Q Global scores when compared with all other eating disorder diagnoses. When compared with intensive outpatient care, only those in residential treatment had higher EDE-Q Global scores. This study is among the first to describe norms for the EDE-Q in a large sample of adults receiving various HLOCs. Programs utilizing the EDE-Q to assess treatment outcomes can use these findings to aid people in interpreting their scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Denver Health, CO, USA
- University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Alan Duffy
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
- The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Dan V Blalock
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Patterson J, Myers JL, Gallagher E, Hartman GR, Lewis JB, Royster C, Easton E, O'Melia A, Rienecke RD. Family-Empowered Treatment in Higher Levels of Care for Adolescent Eating Disorders: The Role of the Dietitian. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022:S2212-2672(22)00382-3. [PMID: 35738535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mensinger JL, Cox SA, Henretty JR. Treatment Outcomes and Trajectories of Change in Patients Attributing Their Eating Disorder Onset to Anti-obesity Messaging. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:777-786. [PMID: 34267090 PMCID: PMC8428859 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the increased prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) among individuals higher on the weight spectrum, we aimed to 1) report the prevalence of ED patients in higher levels of care (residential, partial hospitalization, and intensive outpatient) attributing the onset of their ED to anti-obesity messaging, 2) report the most commonly recollected sources of those messages, and 3) determine if those attributing the onset of their ED to anti-obesity messaging a) enter, b) exit, and c) respond to treatment differently from peers who did not. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used data from 2901 patients receiving ED treatment in higher levels of care at a US-based center between 2015 and 2018. Multilevel models examined differences in ED symptoms and trajectories of change over time. NVivo was used to analyze the patients' comments about sources of messages. RESULTS Eighteen percent attributed their ED onset to anti-obesity messaging, 45% did not, and 37% were unsure. Of those providing comments, the most common sources included the following: educational curriculum/school context (45.9%), media/Internet (24.7%), health care (10.4%), family (9%), and peer bullying (3.7%). At admission, patients attributing their ED onset to anti-obesity messaging had more severe ED symptoms than those who did not (γ = 0.463, standard error [SE] = 0.086, p < .001) and those who were unsure (γ = 0.288, SE = 0.089, p < .001); no differences were evident at discharge (p > .483). During phase 2 of treatment, patients attributing their ED onset to anti-obesity messaging improved faster than those who did not (γ = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = .008) and those who were unsure (γ = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = .014). CONCLUSIONS Anti-obesity messaging may put vulnerable individuals at risk for EDs. We recommend increasing weight bias training for school personnel and health care professionals. To reduce health disparities, we also suggest the promotion of weight-neutral health-enhancing self-care practices in media and public health campaigns, legislative policies, and health care overall.
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Rienecke RD, Blalock DV, Duffy A, Manwaring J, Le Grange D, Johnson C, Mehler PS, McClanahan SF. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and trauma-informed care in higher levels of care for eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:627-632. [PMID: 33382109 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence and trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among patients with eating disorders (EDs) in higher level of ED care with trauma-informed components, but without a formal evidence-based trauma intervention. METHOD Participants were 613 adults diagnosed with EDs receiving treatment at inpatient, residential, or partial hospitalization levels of care. Participants completed the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) at admission and discharge. RESULTS Over half of patients scored above the cutoff of 33 on the PCL-5 at admission, suggestive of PTSD symptoms characteristic of a formal PTSD diagnosis. The average PCL-5 score significantly decreased for every ED diagnostic category, and there was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients above the PCL-5 cutoff score at discharge. PCL-5 subscales measuring PTSD criteria B (intrusions) and C (avoidance) improved with modest effect sizes, whereas PCL-5 subscales D (negative alterations in cognitions and mood) and E (alterations in arousal and reactivity) improved with larger effect sizes. DISCUSSION PTSD symptoms are prevalent among patients with EDs seeking higher levels of care. Despite not offering evidence-based trauma-specific interventions, PTSD symptoms decreased over the course of treatment. However, improvements cannot definitely be attributed to trauma-informed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan Duffy
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jamie Manwaring
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig Johnson
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA.,ACUTE, at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan F McClanahan
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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