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Galindo-Aldana G, Torres-González C. Neuropsychology and Electroencephalography in Rural Children at Neurodevelopmental Risk: A Scoping Review. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:722-740. [PMID: 38133433 PMCID: PMC10747224 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Children from rural areas face numerous possibilities of neurodevelopmental conditions that may compromise their well-being and optimal development. Neuropsychology and electroencephalography (EEG) have shown strong agreement in detecting correlations between these two variables and suggest an association with specific environmental and social risk factors. The present scoping review aims to describe studies reporting associations between EEG features and cognitive impairment in children from rural or vulnerable environments and describe the main risk factors influencing EEG abnormalities in these children. The method for this purpose was based on a string-based review from PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted from the outcomes that complied with the selected criteria. In total, 2280 records were identified; however, only 26 were eligible: 15 for qualitative and 11 for quantitative analysis. The findings highlight the significant literature on EEG and its relationship with cognitive impairment from studies in children with epilepsy and malnutrition. In general, there is evidence for the advantages of implementing EEG diagnosis and research techniques in children living under risk conditions. Specific associations between particular EEG features and cognitive impairment are described in the reviewed literature in children. Further research is needed to better describe and integrate the state of the art regarding EEG feature extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Galindo-Aldana
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cognition, Mental Health, Profession, and Society Research Group, Autonomous University of Baja California, Hwy. 3, Col. Gutierrez, Mexicali 21725, Mexico;
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Cozzi G, Sovtic A, Garelli D, Krivec U, Silvagni D, Corsini I, Colombo M, Giangreco M, Giannattasio A, Milani GP, Minute M, Marchetti F, Gatto A, Debbia C, Gortan AJ, Massaro M, Hatziagorou E, Ravidà D, Diamand R, Jones E, Visekruna J, Zago A, Barbi E, Amaddeo A, Cortellazzo Wiel L. SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis: a multicentre international study. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:e15. [PMID: 37130726 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis is the main acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Data regarding SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis are limited. OBJECTIVE To describe the main clinical characteristics of infants with SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis in comparison with infants with bronchiolitis associated with other viruses. SETTING, PATIENTS, INTERVENTIONS A multicentre retrospective study was conducted in 22 paediatric emergency departments (PED) in Europe and Israel. Infants diagnosed with bronchiolitis, who had a test for SARS-CoV-2 and were kept in clinical observation in the PED or admitted to hospital from 1 May 2021 to 28 February 2022 were considered eligible for participation. Demographic and clinical data, diagnostic tests, treatments and outcomes were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was the need for respiratory support in infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with infants testing negative. RESULTS 2004 infants with bronchiolitis were enrolled. Of these, 95 (4.7%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Median age, gender, weight, history of prematurity and presence of comorbidities did not differ between the SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative infants. Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the viruses most frequently detected in the group of infants negative for SARS-CoV-2.Infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 received oxygen supplementation less frequently compared with SARS-CoV-2-negative patients, 37 (39%) vs 1076 (56.4%), p=0.001, OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.75). They received less ventilatory support: 12 (12.6%) high flow nasal cannulae vs 468 (24.5%), p=0.01; 1 (1.0%) continuous positive airway pressure vs 125 (6.6%), p=0.03, OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.85). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 rarely causes bronchiolitis in infants. SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis mostly has a mild clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cozzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Aleksandar Sovtic
- Institute for Health Protection of Mother and Child of Serbia 'Dr Vukan Cupic', Beograd, Serbia
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Beograd, Serbia
| | | | - Uros Krivec
- Department of Pediatric Pulmology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Davide Silvagni
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsini
- IRCCS Policlinico Ospedaliero Universitario di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Pediatric Emergency Deparment, Ospedale Filippo del Ponte, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Manuela Giangreco
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Minute
- Ospedale Regionale Ca Foncello Treviso, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Gatto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Debbia
- Emergency Departement, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Marta Massaro
- Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli di Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Elpis Hatziagorou
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Pediatric Dept, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Domenico Ravidà
- Institute of Pediatrics of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Raz Diamand
- Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Jelena Visekruna
- Institute for Health Protection of Mother and Child of Serbia 'Dr Vukan Cupic', Beograd, Serbia
| | | | - Egidio Barbi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Amaddeo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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Blair PS, Ball HL, Pease A, Fleming PJ. Bed-sharing and SIDS: an evidence-based approach. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:e6. [PMID: 35256354 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-323469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Blair
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anna Pease
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter J Fleming
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tappin
- Child Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - James Carpenter
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fern Hauck
- Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Ojha S, MacAllister K, Abdula S, Madar J, Rackham O, Tyler W. Healthcare professionals' views to inform revision of the BAPM newborn early warning trigger and track system. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 108:92-93. [PMID: 34824085 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-323160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Ojha
- Academic Unit of Population and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK .,Neonatal Unit, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Kathryn MacAllister
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sara Abdula
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Wendy Tyler
- Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D W Hain
- Department of Paediatrics, Cardiff and Vale University LHB, Cardiff, UK
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Högberg U, Sennerstam R, Wester K, Högberg G, Andersson J, Thiblin I. Medical diagnoses among infants at entry in out-of-home care: A Swedish population-register study. Health Sci Rep 2019; 2:e133. [PMID: 31463369 PMCID: PMC6707026 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Identification of child abuse involves a medical investigation and assessment of problems related to social environment and upbringing and might necessitate out-of-home care. The objective of this study was to analyse infants placed in out-of-home care in Sweden by incidence, medical diagnoses, and perinatal factors. METHODS This was a population-based register study of infants born in Sweden 1997 to 2014. Data were retrieved from registers at the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare and Statistics Sweden. Outcome measures were out-of-home care categories: (a) "Problems Related to Social Environment/Upbringing", (b) "Abuse diagnoses without SDH (subdural haemorrhage), RH (retinal haemorrhage), rib fracture, or long bone fracture", and (c) "SDH, RH, rib fracture, or long bone fracture." As a reference population, we randomly selected infants without medical diagnoses born the same year. RESULTS Overall incidence of out-of-home care was 402 per 100 000. For subcategories (a), (b), and (c), the incidences were 14.8 (n = 273), 3.77 (n = 70), and 9.83 (n = 182) per 100 000, respectively. During the study period, the first remained unchanged; the latter two have been increasing. Compared with other reasons for out-of-home care, children in category (c), "SDH, RH, rib fracture, or long bone fracture", had increased odds of being boys (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.38) and decreased odds of having a mother being single (aOR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32-0.75) and a smoker (aOR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37-0.96). Compared with the reference population, children in this category were more often twin born (7.7% versus 2.8%), preterm (18.5% versus 5.5%), and small-for-gestational age (5.2% versus 2.1%). CONCLUSION SDH, RH, rib fracture, or long bone fracture constitute a minor part of medical diagnoses for infants entered in out-of-home care, but have been increasing, both in numbers and proportion. Overdiagnosis of abuse might be a possible reason but cannot be ascertained by this study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Högberg
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Roland Sennerstam
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer CenterKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Knut Wester
- Department of Clinical Medicine—K1University of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Göran Högberg
- Formerly Department of Women's and Children's Health, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric UnitKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jacob Andersson
- Forensic Medicine, Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Ingemar Thiblin
- Forensic Medicine, Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy. Although GDM usually resolves following birth, it is associated with significant morbidities for mother and baby both perinatally and in the long term. There is strong evidence to support treatment for GDM. However, there is little consensus on whether or not screening for GDM will improve maternal and infant health and if so, the most appropriate protocol to follow. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of different methods of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal and infant outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (April 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised trials evaluating the effects of different methods of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently conducted data extraction and quality assessment. We resolved disagreements through discussion or through a third author. MAIN RESULTS We included four trials involving 3972 women were included in the review. One quasi-randomised trial compared risk factor screening with universal or routine screening by 50 g oral glucose challenge testing. Women in the universal screening group were more likely to be diagnosed with GDM (one trial, 3152 women, risk ratio (RR) 0.44 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 0.75). Infants of mothers in the risk factor screening group were born marginally earlier than infants of mothers in the routine screening group (one trial, 3152 women, mean difference -0.15 weeks, 95% CI -0.27 to -0.53).The remaining three trials evaluated different methods of administering a 50 g glucose load. Two small trials compared glucose monomer with glucose polymer testing, with one of these trials including a candy bar group. One trial compared a glucose solution with food. No differences in diagnosis of GDM were found between each comparison. Overall, women drinking the glucose monomer experienced fewer side effects from testing than women drinking the glucose polymer (two trials, 151 women, RR 2.80, 95% CI 1.10 to 7.13). However, we observed high heterogeneity between the trials for this result (I(2) = 61%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There was insufficient evidence to determine if screening for gestational diabetes, or what types of screening, can improve maternal and infant health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tieu
- ARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philippa Middleton
- ARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew J McPhee
- Neonatal Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Caroline A Crowther
- ARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Heymann J, Kramer MS. Public policy and breast-feeding: a straightforward and significant solution. Can J Public Health 2009; 100:381-3. [PMID: 19994743 PMCID: PMC6973579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring working mothers' ability to breast-feed is crucial given that breast-feeding substantially reduces infant morbidity and mortality while promoting maternal health. Working conditions, rules on the job, supervisors and co-workers can all raise or lower barriers to breast-feeding. Around the world, 127 countries guarantee working women the right to breast-feed. Canada does not provide this assurance, despite the fact that the majority of infants are born to women in the labour force. This has profound implications for the health of infants and mothers alike. Solutions exist: extending current policies to ensure adequate maternity leave is available for all Canadians, legislating a right to breast-feed while working, and adapting workplaces to make this practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Heymann
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC.
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