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Preston JL, Khan A. Comparing the influence of intellectual humility, religiosity, and political conservatism on vaccine attitudes in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Public Underst Sci 2024; 33:343-352. [PMID: 37596812 PMCID: PMC10958756 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231191633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Three studies of US, Canada, and UK respondents examined pro-vaccine attitudes as predicted by intellectual humility, belief in science, religiosity, and political attitudes. Intellectual humility refers to the capacity to understand limits of one's own beliefs and showed strong relationship to pro-vaccine attitudes across samples. Pro-vaccine attitudes were correlated with intellectual humility and negatively correlated with political conservatism and religiosity. Regression models compared overlapping influences of belief predictors on vaccine attitudes. Across countries, intellectual humility was the most consistent predictor of pro-vaccine attitudes when controlling for other beliefs and thinking styles (political conservatism, belief in science, religiosity). In comparison, political conservatism was a significant predictor of vaccine attitudes in regression models on US and Canadian respondents, and religiosity only held as a predictor in regression models in the US sample. We conclude with a discussion of intellectual humility as a predictor of vaccine attitudes and implications for research and persuasion.
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Gollwitzer A, Bao E, Oettingen G. Intellectual humility as a tool to combat false beliefs: An individual-based approach to belief revision. Br J Soc Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38421055 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
False beliefs pose significant societal threats, including health risks, political polarization and even violence. In two studies (N = 884) we explored the efficacy of an individual-based approach to correcting false beliefs. We examined whether the character virtue of intellectual humility (IH)-an appreciation of one's intellectual boundaries-encourages revising one's false beliefs in response to counter-information. Our research produced encouraging but also mixed findings. Among participants who held false beliefs about the risks of vaccines (Study 1) and the 2020 US Election being rigged (Study 2), those with higher IH explored more information opposing these false beliefs. This exploration of opposing information, in turn, predicted updating away from these inaccurate health and political beliefs. IH did not directly predict updating away from false beliefs, however, suggesting that this effect-if it exists-may not be particularly powerful. Taken together, these results provide moderate support for IH as a character trait that can foster belief revision but, simultaneously, suggest that alternate pathways to combat false beliefs and misinformation may be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gollwitzer
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Plank Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelina Bao
- New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Gabriele Oettingen
- New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
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Vaupotič N, Kienhues D, Jucks R. Complexity appreciated: How the communication of complexity impacts topic-specific intellectual humility and epistemic trustworthiness. Public Underst Sci 2024:9636625241227800. [PMID: 38360535 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241227800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In the context of science communication, complexity is often reduced. This study employs a 2 × 2 experimental design (N = 432) to investigate how two factors, namely the communication of complexity (reduced vs not reduced) and the provision of suggestions for concrete action (suggested vs not suggested), influence individuals' productive engagement with the socio-scientific topic of sustainable energy. Measured variables include topic-specific intellectual humility, judgements of source trustworthiness, willingness to act, anxiety, and hope. As expected, communication of complexity led to higher topic-specific intellectual humility, higher epistemic trustworthiness and higher anxiety. When a concrete action was communicated, participants reported lower topic-specific intellectual humility. Participants' willingness to act was not significantly affected by the experimental manipulation. The results of the study imply that the communication of complexity does not hinder people's productive engagement with science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vaupotič
- University of Münster, Germany; University of Vienna, Austria
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Di Bartolomeo AA, Alter U, Olson DA, Cooper MB, Boritz T, Westra HA. Predicting resistance management skill from psychotherapy experience, intellectual humility and emotion regulation. Psychother Res 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37963339 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2280240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistance management in psychotherapy remains a foundational skill that is associated with positive client outcomes (Westra, H. A., & Norouzian, N. (2018). Using motivational interviewing to manage process markers of ambivalence and resistance in cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42(2), 193-203). However, little is known about which therapist characteristics contribute to successful management of resistance. Research has suggested that psychotherapy performance does not improve with experience (Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1-11), that psychotherapists lack humility (Macdonald, J., & Mellor-Clark, J. (2015). Correcting psychotherapists' blindsidedness: Formal feedback as a means of overcoming the natural limitations of therapists. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(3), 249-257), and that difficult therapeutic moments may dysregulate therapist emotions (Muran, J. C., & Eubanks, C. F. (2020). Therapist performance under pressure: Negotiating emotion, difference, and rupture. American Psychological Association). This study aimed to 1) identify whether psychotherapy experience (i.e., training versus no training and number of years of psychotherapy experience) was associated with resistance management skill, and 2) identify whether humility and difficulties regulating emotions among trained individuals were each associated with resistance management. METHOD A sample of 76 trained and 98 untrained participants were recruited for the present study. All participants completed the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale (CIHS, Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., & Rouse, S. V. (2016). The development and validation of the comprehensive intellectual humility scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(2), 209-221), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54), and the Resistance Vignette Task (RVT; Westra, H. A., Nourazian, N., Poulin, L., Hara, K., Coyne, A., Constantino, M. J., Olson, D., & Antony, M. M. (2021). Testing a deliberate practice workshop for developing appropriate responsivity to resistance markers: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy, 58, 175-185 ) which was used to assess resistance management skill. RESULTS Trained individuals performed significantly better on resistance management than untrained individuals; however, years of experience within the trained sample were not associated with resistance management. Conversely, lower humility and greater difficulties regulating emotions were each associated with significantly poorer resistance management in trained individuals. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the possibility of improving training to focus on key skills, like resistance management, through supporting humility and emotion regulation in training, as opposed to simply acquiring more experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Udi Alter
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Olson
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Max B Cooper
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tali Boritz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Henny A Westra
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jongman-Sereno KP, Hoyle RH, Davisson EK, Park J. Intellectual Humility and Responsiveness to Public Health Recommendations. Pers Individ Dif 2023; 211:112243. [PMID: 37426514 PMCID: PMC10327867 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between intellectual humility (IH)-a willingness to consider credible new information and alternative views and revise one's own views if warranted-and adherence to experts' health behavior recommendations in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 (N = 541) results showed that people higher in IH are more likely to engage in recommended health behaviors (e.g., mask-wearing, social distancing)-even when controlling for political affiliation. Additional analyses focused specifically on mask-wearing produced initial evidence consistent with mediation of the IH-mask-wearing relationship by the beliefs that mask-wearing 1) is an effective way to slow the spread of COVID-19 and 2) protects others. Based on the pathway from IH to mask-wearing through a concern for others found in Study 1, Study 2 further examined the relationship between IH and prosocial tendencies. The results from Study 2 (Ns for correlation coefficients ranged from 265 to 702) showed an association between IH and several values and traits that reflect a concern for others (e.g., agreeableness, benevolence). These findings suggest that IH may influence behavior through both intra- and interpersonal mechanisms. Implications of these findings for the health-behavior domain are discussed.
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Lees J, Todd H, Barranti M. Women, the intellectually humble, and liberals write more persuasive political arguments. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad143. [PMID: 37197311 PMCID: PMC10184441 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
If sincere attempts at political persuasion are central to the functioning of democracy, then what attributes of individuals make them more persuasive toward fellow citizens? To examine this, we asked 594 Democrats and Republicans to write politically persuasive arguments on any topic of their choice and then gave those arguments to a US representative sample of 3,131 to rate the persuasiveness, totaling 54,686 judgments. We consistently found that arguments written by women, liberals, the intellectually humble, and those low on party identification were rated as more persuasive. These patterns were robust to controls for the demographics and partisanship of judges and persuaders, the topics written about, argument length, and the emotional sentiments of the arguments. Women's superior persuasiveness was partially, but not fully, explained by the fact that their arguments were longer, of a higher grade level, and expressed less dominance than men's. Intergroup dynamics also affected persuasiveness, as arguments written for in-party members were more persuasive than the ones written for out-party members. These findings suggest that an individual's personal and psychological characteristics durably provide them with a persuasive advantage when they engage in sincere attempts at changing the hearts and minds of fellow citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Lees
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, 86 Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 20 Prospect Ave, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- John E. Walker Department of Economics, Clemson University, 320 Wilbur O. and Ann Powers Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Haley Todd
- John E. Walker Department of Economics, Clemson University, 320 Wilbur O. and Ann Powers Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Educational Studies, University of South Carolina, 820 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Maxwell Barranti
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Hanel PHP, Roy D, Taylor S, Franjieh M, Heffer C, Tanesini A, Maio GR. Using self-affirmation to increase intellectual humility in debate. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:220958. [PMID: 36756062 PMCID: PMC9890103 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual humility, which entails openness to other views and a willingness to listen and engage with them, is crucial for facilitating civil dialogue and progress in debate between opposing sides. In the present research, we tested whether intellectual humility can be reliably detected in discourse and experimentally increased by a prior self-affirmation task. Three hundred and three participants took part in 116 audio- and video-recorded group discussions. Blind to condition, linguists coded participants' discourse to create an intellectual humility score. As expected, the self-affirmation task increased the coded intellectual humility, as well as participants' self-rated prosocial affect (e.g. empathy). Unexpectedly, the effect on prosocial affect did not mediate the link between experimental condition and intellectual humility in debate. Self-reported intellectual humility and other personality variables were uncorrelated with expert-coded intellectual humility. Implications of these findings for understanding the social psychological mechanisms underpinning intellectual humility are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. P. Hanel
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester Campus, CO4 3SQ Colchester, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Deborah Roy
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Michael Franjieh
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
- School of English, Communication and Philosophy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Heffer
- School of English, Communication and Philosophy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alessandra Tanesini
- School of English, Communication and Philosophy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Lin M, Chai CS, Liang JC. A mediation model of the relationship between university students' news media literacy and xenophobia: The role of intellectual humility, perceived threat, and blind patriotism. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1036497. [PMID: 36425821 PMCID: PMC9679528 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of misinformation and disinformation has increased the need for news media literacy. This study administered a self-developed questionnaire to measure the relationship between news media literacy and xenophobia among college students in China (N = 430). The questionnaire measured five variables: news media literacy, xenophobia, blind patriotism, perceived threat, and intellectual humility. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate this five-variable survey, and the analyses indicated satisfactory construct validity. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that intellectual humility was a significant predictor of news media literacy, and blind patriotism and perceived threat mediated the relationship between news media literacy and xenophobia. This study provides insights for researchers and instructors who are promoting news media literacy education in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyingnan Lin
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ching Sing Chai
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jyh-Chong Liang
- Program of Learning Sciences and Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Koetke J, Schumann K, Porter T, Smilo-Morgan I. Fallibility Salience Increases Intellectual Humility: Implications for People's Willingness to Investigate Political Misinformation. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2022; 49:806-820. [PMID: 35272524 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spread of online political misinformation has ramifications for political polarization, trust in political systems, and the functioning of democracy. In this article, we advance findings on investigative behaviors-actions aimed at determining the veracity of information encountered online-in response to political misinformation. Across three preregistered studies (N = 889), we find that investigative behaviors increase accuracy discernment of political misinformation (Study 1), that intellectual humility reliably predicts investigative behaviors in this context (Study 2), and test a novel fallibility salience manipulation to increase intellectual humility (Study 3). We discuss the implications of these findings for reducing the impacts of political misinformation.
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10
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Peña IDL, Koch J. Teaching Intellectual Humility Is Essential in Preparing Collaborative Future Pharmacists. Am J Pharm Educ 2021; 85:8444. [PMID: 34965915 PMCID: PMC8715963 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interprofessional teams contribute significantly to patient care and safety. However, barriers to effective interdisciplinary collaboration have been identified, such as power dynamics and mistrust among team members, contrasting ideologies, interests and levels of engagement of clinicians, and disciplinary territoriality, which could negatively impact patient care. Teaching current health professional students behaviors and personal values that promote collaboration is critical in equipping them to function effectively in an interdisciplinary care setting. In this commentary, we put forward the idea that teaching intellectual humility is important in preparing collaborative future pharmacists. The core dimensions of intellectual humility, namely, open-mindedness, intellectual modesty, engagement, and corrigibility are important behaviors that could address the above-mentioned barriers, and promote successful interdisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, we suggest strategies through which student pharmacists could be taught intellectual humility, mainly within the interprofessional education setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike de la Peña
- Loma Linda University, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jessa Koch
- Loma Linda University, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California
- Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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11
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Bąk W, Wójtowicz B, Kutnik J. Intellectual humility: an old problem in a new psychological perspective. Curr Issues Personal Psychol 2021; 10:85-97. [PMID: 38013918 PMCID: PMC10535625 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.106999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Though having been emphasised by philosophers and theologians for centuries, it is only in the last few years that the concept of intellectual humility has been explicitly defined and studied by empirical psychology. However, it has been long enough to recognise the prominent role that being intellectually humble plays for humane functioning, both at an intra- and inter-individual level. Having started with a broader philosophical and historical context, the present paper discusses the psychological conceptualisations of intellectual humility. Then the recent empirical studies are reviewed, including four strands of research referring to personality traits, cognitive functioning, social relations and religiosity. After presenting selected results, the prospects of psychological research on intellectual humility are discussed, including the limitations and challenges of measurement techniques as well as possible directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacław Bąk
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wójtowicz
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kutnik
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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12
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Bowes SM, Costello TH, Lee C, McElroy-Heltzel S, Davis DE, Lilienfeld SO. Stepping Outside the Echo Chamber: Is Intellectual Humility Associated With Less Political Myside Bias? Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2021; 48:150-164. [PMID: 33719720 DOI: 10.1177/0146167221997619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an upsurge of polarization has been a salient feature of political discourse in America. A small but growing body of research has examined the potential relevance of intellectual humility (IH) to political polarization. In the present investigation, we extend this work to political myside bias, testing the hypothesis that IH is associated with less bias in two community samples (N1 = 498; N2 = 477). In line with our expectations, measures of IH were negatively correlated with political myside bias across paradigms, political topics, and samples. These relations were robust to controlling for humility. We also examined ideological asymmetries in the relations between IH and political myside bias, finding that IH-bias relations were statistically equivalent in members of the political left and right. Notwithstanding important limitations and caveats, these data establish IH as one of a small handful psychological features known to predict less political myside bias.
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Abstract
How can people wisely navigate social conflict? Two preregistered longitudinal experiments (Study 1: Canadian adults; Study 2: American and Canadian adults; total N = 555) tested whether encouraging distanced (i.e., third-person) self-reflection would help promote wisdom. Both experiments measured wise reasoning (i.e., intellectual humility, open-mindedness about how situations could unfold, consideration of and attempts to integrate diverse viewpoints) about challenging interpersonal events. In a month-long experiment (Study 1), participants used either a third- or first-person perspective in diary reflections on each day's most significant experience. Compared with preintervention assessments, assessments made after the intervention revealed that participants reflecting in the third person showed a significant increase in wise reasoning about interpersonal challenges. These effects were statistically accounted for by shifts in diary-based reflections toward a broader self-focus. A week-long experiment (Study 2) replicated the third-person self-reflection effect on wise reasoning (vs. first-person and no-pronoun control conditions). These findings suggest an efficient and evidence-based method for fostering wise reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Dorfman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo
| | | | - Henri C Santos
- Behavioral Insights Team, Steele Institute for Health Innovation, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
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14
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Stanley ML, Sinclair AH, Seli P. Intellectual humility and perceptions of political opponents. J Pers 2020; 88:1196-1216. [PMID: 32484911 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intellectual humility (IH) refers to the recognition that personal beliefs might be wrong. We investigate possible interpersonal implications of IH for how people perceive the intellectual capabilities and moral character of their sociopolitical opponents and for their willingness to associate with those opponents. METHOD In four initial studies (N = 1,926, Mage = 38, 880 females, 1,035 males), we measured IH, intellectual and moral derogation of opponents, and willingness to befriend opponents. In two additional studies (N = 568, Mage = 40, 252 females, 314 males), we presented participants with a specific opponent on certain sociopolitical issues and several social media posts from that opponent in which he expressed his views on the issue. We then measured IH, intellectual, and moral derogation of the opponent, participants' willingness to befriend the opponent, participants' willingness to "friend" the opponent on social media, and participants' willingness to "follow" the opponent on social media. RESULTS Low-IH relative to high-IH participants were more likely to derogate the intellectual capabilities and moral character of their opponents, less willing to befriend their opponents, and less willing to "friend" and "follow" an opponent on social media. CONCLUSIONS IH may have important interpersonal implications for person perception, and for understanding social extremism and polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stanley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alyssa H Sinclair
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul Seli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Bernabé-Valero G, Iborra-Marmolejo I, Beneyto-Arrojo MJ, Senent-Capuz N. The Moderating Role of Intellectual Humility in the Adoption of ICT: A Study Across Life-Span. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2433. [PMID: 30564178 PMCID: PMC6288285 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature has shown age-related differences in the adoption process. In this way, it is very important to encourage the adoption of ICT by the elderly, in order to maintain their independence in daily life. However, some specific cognitive variables were not considered in theoretical models until a decade ago. One of the emerging fields in this area is the science of learnable intelligence, which investigates the role of thinking dispositions. The variable which we have focused on is intellectual humility. For this propose, a sample of 306 participants from 18 to 87 years was selected. Age was selected as a predictor variable. Intellectual humility was tested as a moderator between aging and ICT adoption, more precisely computer and mobile devices. The model fitted the theoretical proposal. However, the subscale known as Independence of the intellect and ego was the only one to fulfill all the requirements for the moderational analysis. The findings suggest a moderational effect that might enhance the ICT adoption. These results are of interest in the field of personal development and training purposes in life-span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bernabé-Valero
- Department of Occupational Sciences, Speech Therapy, Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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Leary MR, Diebels KJ, Davisson EK, Jongman-Sereno KP, Isherwood JC, Raimi KT, Deffler SA, Hoyle RH. Cognitive and Interpersonal Features of Intellectual Humility. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2017; 43:793-813. [PMID: 28903672 DOI: 10.1177/0146167217697695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four studies examined intellectual humility-the degree to which people recognize that their beliefs might be wrong. Using a new Intellectual Humility (IH) Scale, Study 1 showed that intellectual humility was associated with variables related to openness, curiosity, tolerance of ambiguity, and low dogmatism. Study 2 revealed that participants high in intellectual humility were less certain that their beliefs about religion were correct and judged people less on the basis of their religious opinions. In Study 3, participants high in intellectual humility were less inclined to think that politicians who changed their attitudes were "flip-flopping," and Study 4 showed that people high in intellectual humility were more attuned to the strength of persuasive arguments than those who were low. In addition to extending our understanding of intellectual humility, this research demonstrates that the IH Scale is a valid measure of the degree to which people recognize that their beliefs are fallible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kaitlin T Raimi
- 1 Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,3 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Samantha A Deffler
- 1 Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,4 Rollins College, Winter Park, FL, USA
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