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Crespo J, Wu K, Li W, Kryczek I, Maj T, Vatan L, Wei S, Opipari AW, Zou W. Human Naive T Cells Express Functional CXCL8 and Promote Tumorigenesis. J Immunol 2018; 201:814-820. [PMID: 29802127 PMCID: PMC6039239 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Naive T cells are thought to be functionally quiescent. In this study, we studied and compared the phenotype, cytokine profile, and potential function of human naive CD4+ T cells in umbilical cord and peripheral blood. We found that naive CD4+ T cells, but not memory T cells, expressed high levels of chemokine CXCL8. CXCL8+ naive T cells were preferentially enriched CD31+ T cells and did not express T cell activation markers or typical Th effector cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-22. In addition, upon activation, naive T cells retained high levels of CXCL8 expression. Furthermore, we showed that naive T cell-derived CXCL8 mediated neutrophil migration in the in vitro migration assay, supported tumor sphere formation, and promoted tumor growth in an in vivo human xenograft model. Thus, human naive T cells are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous and can carry out active functions in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Crespo
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Tomasz Maj
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Linda Vatan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anthony W Opipari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
- Graduate Program in Tumor Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review details the role of memory T cells in physiologic and allospecific immunity, and summarizes the effects of immunosuppressive agents used to manipulate their function in the context of organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Memory T cells are lymphocytes with characteristics that are thought to promote anamnestic immune responses. They have a unique capacity to generate rapid effector functions upon secondary exposure to a pathogen, and this capacity is achieved through truncated requirements for antigen presentation, reduced activation thresholds, and enhanced trafficking and adhesion mechanisms. In general, these same mechanisms also appear to evoke improved efficiency in mediating allograft rejection. The phenotype of these cells has been increasingly well defined and associated with a characteristic pattern of susceptibility to immunosuppressive agents. This knowledge is now being exploited in the development of immune therapeutic regimens to selectively mollify T memory cell effects. SUMMARY A specific targeting of memory T cells has potential to prevent allograft rejection in a more precise manner than current means of immunosuppression. However, these benefits will be balanced by the reciprocal risk of susceptibility to recurrent infection.
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Koyama I, Nadazdin O, Boskovic S, Ochiai T, Smith RN, Sykes M, Sogawa H, Murakami T, Strom TB, Colvin RB, Sachs DH, Benichou G, Cosimi AB, Kawai T. Depletion of CD8 memory T cells for induction of tolerance of a previously transplanted kidney allograft. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1055-61. [PMID: 17286617 PMCID: PMC3785402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous immunologic memory has been considered a potent barrier to tolerance induction in primates. Induction of such tolerance for a previously transplanted organ may be more difficult, because specific memory cells can be induced and activated by a transplanted organ. In the current study, we attempted to induce tolerance to a previously transplanted kidney allograft in nonhuman primates. The conditioning regimen consisted of low dose total body irradiation, thymic irradiation, antithymocyte globulin, and anti-CD154 antibody followed by a brief course of a calcineurin inhibitor. This regimen had been shown to induce mixed chimerism and allograft tolerance when kidney transplantation (KTx) and donor bone marrow transplantation (DBMT) were simultaneously performed. However, the same regimen failed to induce mixed chimerism when delayed DBMT was performed after KTx. We found that significant levels of memory T cells remained after conditioning, despite effective depletion of naïve T cells. By adding humanized anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (cM-T807), CD8 memory T cells were effectively depleted and these recipients successfully achieved mixed chimerism and tolerance. The current studies provide 'proof of principle' that the mixed chimerism approach can induce renal allograft tolerance, even late after organ transplantation if memory T-cell function is adequately controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - O. Nadazdin
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Boskovic
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T. Ochiai
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R. N. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Sykes
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - H. Sogawa
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T. Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T. B. Strom
- Department of Medicine, Transplant Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R. B. Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D. H. Sachs
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - G. Benichou
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A. B. Cosimi
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T. Kawai
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Eckstein DA, Sherman MP, Penn ML, Chin PS, De Noronha CM, Greene WC, Goldsmith MA. HIV-1 Vpr enhances viral burden by facilitating infection of tissue macrophages but not nondividing CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 2001; 194:1407-19. [PMID: 11714748 PMCID: PMC2193684 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.10.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior experiments in explants of human lymphoid tissue have demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) productively infects diverse cellular targets including T cells and tissue macrophages. We sought to determine the specific contribution of macrophages and T cells to the overall viral burden within lymphoid tissue. To block infection of macrophages selectively while preserving infection of T cells, we used viruses deficient for viral protein R (Vpr) that exhibit profound replication defects in nondividing cells in vitro. We inoculated tonsil histocultures with matched pairs of congenic viruses that differed only by the presence of a wild-type or truncated vpr gene. Although these viruses exhibited no reduction in the infection or depletion of T cells, the ability of the Vpr-deficient R5 virus to infect tissue macrophages was severely impaired compared with matched wild-type R5 virus. Interestingly, the Vpr-deficient R5 virus also exhibited a 50% reduction in overall virus replication compared with its wild-type counterpart despite the fact that macrophages represent a small fraction of the potential targets of HIV-1 infection in these tissues. Collectively, these data highlight the importance of tissue macrophages in local viral burden and further implicate roles for CC chemokine receptor 5, macrophages, and Vpr in the life cycle and pathogenesis of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Eckstein
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94141, USA
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