1
|
Ionescu CM, Copot D, Yumuk E, De Keyser R, Muresan C, Birs IR, Ben Othman G, Farbakhsh H, Ynineb AR, Neckebroek M. Development, Validation, and Comparison of a Novel Nociception/Anti-Nociception Monitor against Two Commercial Monitors in General Anesthesia. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2031. [PMID: 38610243 PMCID: PMC11013864 DOI: 10.3390/s24072031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the development and the validation of a novel index of nociception/anti-nociception (N/AN) based on skin impedance measurement in time and frequency domain with our prototype AnspecPro device. The primary objective of the study was to compare the Anspec-PRO device with two other commercial devices (Medasense, Medstorm). This comparison was designed to be conducted under the same conditions for the three devices. This was carried out during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) by investigating its outcomes related to noxious stimulus. In a carefully designed clinical protocol during general anesthesia from induction until emergence, we extract data for estimating individualized causal dynamic models between drug infusion and their monitored effect variables. Specifically, these are Propofol hypnotic drug to Bispectral index of hypnosis level and Remifentanil opioid drug to each of the three aforementioned devices. When compared, statistical analysis of the regions before and during the standardized stimulus shows consistent difference between regions for all devices and for all indices. These results suggest that the proposed methodology for data extraction and processing for AnspecPro delivers the same information as the two commercial devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara M. Ionescu
- Department of Electromechanics, System and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.M.I.); (E.Y.); (R.D.K.); (I.R.B.); (G.B.O.); (H.F.); (A.R.Y.)
- Department of Automation, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului Street 20, 400114 Cluj, Romania;
| | - Dana Copot
- Department of Electromechanics, System and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.M.I.); (E.Y.); (R.D.K.); (I.R.B.); (G.B.O.); (H.F.); (A.R.Y.)
| | - Erhan Yumuk
- Department of Electromechanics, System and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.M.I.); (E.Y.); (R.D.K.); (I.R.B.); (G.B.O.); (H.F.); (A.R.Y.)
- Department of Control and Automation Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Robin De Keyser
- Department of Electromechanics, System and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.M.I.); (E.Y.); (R.D.K.); (I.R.B.); (G.B.O.); (H.F.); (A.R.Y.)
| | - Cristina Muresan
- Department of Automation, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului Street 20, 400114 Cluj, Romania;
| | - Isabela Roxana Birs
- Department of Electromechanics, System and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.M.I.); (E.Y.); (R.D.K.); (I.R.B.); (G.B.O.); (H.F.); (A.R.Y.)
- Department of Automation, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului Street 20, 400114 Cluj, Romania;
| | - Ghada Ben Othman
- Department of Electromechanics, System and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.M.I.); (E.Y.); (R.D.K.); (I.R.B.); (G.B.O.); (H.F.); (A.R.Y.)
| | - Hamed Farbakhsh
- Department of Electromechanics, System and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.M.I.); (E.Y.); (R.D.K.); (I.R.B.); (G.B.O.); (H.F.); (A.R.Y.)
| | - Amani R. Ynineb
- Department of Electromechanics, System and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.M.I.); (E.Y.); (R.D.K.); (I.R.B.); (G.B.O.); (H.F.); (A.R.Y.)
| | - Martine Neckebroek
- Department of Anesthesia, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Satrya WF, Yun JH. Combining Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning and Transfer Learning for Regression. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:583. [PMID: 36679376 PMCID: PMC9865593 DOI: 10.3390/s23020583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For cases in which a machine learning model needs to be adapted to a new task, various approaches have been developed, including model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) and transfer learning. In this paper, we investigate how the differences in the data distributions between the old tasks and the new target task impact performance in regression problems. By performing experiments, we discover that these differences greatly affect the relative performance of different adaptation methods. Based on this observation, we develop ensemble schemes combining multiple adaptation methods that can handle a wide range of data distribution differences between the old and new tasks, thus offering more stable performance for a wide range of tasks. For evaluation, we consider three regression problems of sinusoidal fitting, virtual reality motion prediction, and temperature forecasting. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed ensemble schemes achieve the best performance among the considered methods in most cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Fadli Satrya
- Computer Science Department, BINUS Online Learning, Bina Nusantara University, West Jakarta, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
| | - Ji-Hoon Yun
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun R, Li Y, Shah T, Sham RWH, Szydlo T, Qian B, Thakker D, Ranjan R. FedMSA: A Model Selection and Adaptation System for Federated Learning. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7244. [PMID: 36236343 PMCID: PMC9571508 DOI: 10.3390/s22197244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to train a shared model collaboratively without sharing any personal data. However, selecting a model and adapting it quickly to meet user expectations in a large-scale FL application with heterogeneous devices is challenging. In this paper, we propose a model selection and adaptation system for Federated Learning (FedMSA), which includes a hardware-aware model selection algorithm that trades-off model training efficiency and model performance base on FL developers' expectation. Meanwhile, considering the expected model should be achieved by dynamic model adaptation, FedMSA supports full automation in building and deployment of the FL task to different hardware at scale. Experiments on benchmark and real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the model selection algorithm of FedMSA in real devices (e.g., Raspberry Pi and Jetson nano).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yinhao Li
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Tejal Shah
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ringo W. H. Sham
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Tomasz Szydlo
- Institute of Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bin Qian
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dhaval Thakker
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Obst D, de Vilmarest J, Goude Y. Adaptive Methods for Short-Term Electricity Load Forecasting During COVID-19 Lockdown in France. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2021; 36:4754-4763. [PMID: 35663128 PMCID: PMC9128804 DOI: 10.1109/tpwrs.2021.3067551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has urged many governments in the world to enforce a strict lockdown where all nonessential businesses are closed and citizens are ordered to stay at home. One of the consequences of this policy is a significant change in electricity consumption patterns. Since load forecasting models rely on calendar or meteorological information and are trained on historical data, they fail to capture the significant break caused by the lockdown and have exhibited poor performances since the beginning of the pandemic. In this paper we introduce two methods to adapt generalized additive models, alleviating the aforementioned issue. Using Kalman filters and fine-tuning allows to adapt quickly to new electricity consumption patterns without requiring exogenous information. The proposed methods are applied to forecast the electricity demand during the French lockdown period, where they demonstrate their ability to significantly reduce prediction errors compared to traditional models. Finally, expert aggregation is used to leverage the specificities of each predictions and enhance results even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Obst
- Électricité de France R&D 91120 Palaiseau France
- Institut de Mathématiques de MarseilleAix-Marseille Université Marseille France
| | - Joseph de Vilmarest
- Électricité de France R&D 92140 Clamart France
- Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et ModélisationSorbonne Université 75006 Paris France
| | - Yannig Goude
- Électricité de France R&D 92140 Clamart France
- Laboratoire de Mathématique d'OrsayUniversité Paris-Saclay 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huda NU, Hansen BD, Gade R, Moeslund TB. The Effect of a Diverse Dataset for Transfer Learning in Thermal Person Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1982. [PMID: 32252230 DOI: 10.3390/s20071982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermal cameras are popular in detection for their precision in surveillance in the dark and for privacy preservation. In the era of data driven problem solving approaches, manually finding and annotating a large amount of data is inefficient in terms of cost and effort. With the introduction of transfer learning, rather than having large datasets, a dataset covering all characteristics and aspects of the target place is more important. In this work, we studied a large thermal dataset recorded for 20 weeks and identified nine phenomena in it. Moreover, we investigated the impact of each phenomenon for model adaptation in transfer learning. Each phenomenon was investigated separately and in combination. the performance was analyzed by computing the F1 score, precision, recall, true negative rate, and false negative rate. Furthermore, to underline our investigation, the trained model with our dataset was further tested on publicly available datasets, and encouraging results were obtained. Finally, our dataset was also made publicly available.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Digital tissue deconvolution (DTD) estimates the cellular composition of a tissue from its bulk gene-expression profile. For this, DTD approximates the bulk as a mixture of cell-specific expression profiles. Different tissues have different cellular compositions, with cells in different activation states, and embedded in different environments. Consequently, DTD can profit from tailoring the deconvolution model to a specific tissue context. Loss-function learning adapts DTD to a specific tissue context, such as the deconvolution of blood, or a specific type of tumor tissue. We provide software for loss-function learning, for its validation and visualization, and for applying the DTD models to new data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Schön
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Simeth
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Görtler
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Solbrig
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Wettig
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Altenbuchinger
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu H, Hodgson K, Dyson S, Morley KI, Ibrahim ZM, Iqbal E, Stewart R, Dobson RJ, Sudlow C. Efficient Reuse of Natural Language Processing Models for Phenotype-Mention Identification in Free-text Electronic Medical Records: A Phenotype Embedding Approach. JMIR Med Inform 2019; 7:e14782. [PMID: 31845899 PMCID: PMC6938594 DOI: 10.2196/14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Much effort has been put into the use of automated approaches, such as natural language processing (NLP), to mine or extract data from free-text medical records in order to construct comprehensive patient profiles for delivering better health care. Reusing NLP models in new settings, however, remains cumbersome, as it requires validation and retraining on new data iteratively to achieve convergent results. Objective The aim of this work is to minimize the effort involved in reusing NLP models on free-text medical records. Methods We formally define and analyze the model adaptation problem in phenotype-mention identification tasks. We identify “duplicate waste” and “imbalance waste,” which collectively impede efficient model reuse. We propose a phenotype embedding–based approach to minimize these sources of waste without the need for labelled data from new settings. Results We conduct experiments on data from a large mental health registry to reuse NLP models in four phenotype-mention identification tasks. The proposed approach can choose the best model for a new task, identifying up to 76% waste (duplicate waste), that is, phenotype mentions without the need for validation and model retraining and with very good performance (93%-97% accuracy). It can also provide guidance for validating and retraining the selected model for novel language patterns in new tasks, saving around 80% waste (imbalance waste), that is, the effort required in “blind” model-adaptation approaches. Conclusions Adapting pretrained NLP models for new tasks can be more efficient and effective if the language pattern landscapes of old settings and new settings can be made explicit and comparable. Our experiments show that the phenotype-mention embedding approach is an effective way to model language patterns for phenotype-mention identification tasks and that its use can guide efficient NLP model reuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghan Wu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Health Data Research UK, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Hodgson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Dyson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine I Morley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Global and Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zina M Ibrahim
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ehtesham Iqbal
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stewart
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Jb Dobson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Health Data Research UK, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alshreef A, MacQuilkan K, Dawkins B, Riddin J, Ward S, Meads D, Taylor M, Dixon S, Culyer AJ, Ruiz F, Chalkidou K, Edoka I. Cost-Effectiveness of Docetaxel and Paclitaxel for Adjuvant Treatment of Early Breast Cancer: Adaptation of a Model-Based Economic Evaluation From the United Kingdom to South Africa. Value Health Reg Issues 2019; 19:65-74. [PMID: 31096179 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transferability of economic evaluations to low- and middle-income countries through adaptation of models is important; however, several methodological and practical challenges remain. Given its significant costs and the quality-of-life burden to patients, adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer was identified as a priority intervention by the South African National Department of Health. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of docetaxel and paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy regimens (taxanes) compared with standard (non-taxane) treatments. METHODS A cost-utility analysis was undertaken based on a UK 6-health-state Markov model adapted for South Africa using the Mullins checklist. The analysis assumed a 35-year time horizon. The model was populated with clinical effectiveness data (hazard ratios, recurrence rates, and adverse events) using direct comparisons from clinical trials. Resource use patterns and unit costs for estimating cost parameters (drugs, diagnostics, consumables, personnel) were obtained from South Africa. Uncertainty was assessed using probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The incremental cost per patient for the docetaxel regimen compared with standard treatment was R6774. The incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were 0.24, generating an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of R28430 per QALY. The cost of the paclitaxel regimen compared with standard treatment was estimated as -R578 and -R1512, producing an additional 0.03 and 0.025 QALYs, based on 2 trials. Paclitaxel, therefore, appears to be a dominant intervention. The base case results were robust to all sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Based on the adapted model, docetaxel and paclitaxel are predicted to be cost-effective as adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer in South Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abualbishr Alshreef
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK.
| | - Kim MacQuilkan
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Priority Setting, PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciencess, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bryony Dawkins
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, UK
| | - Jane Riddin
- Essential Drugs Programme, National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sue Ward
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - David Meads
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, UK
| | - Matthew Taylor
- York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, York, England, UK
| | - Simon Dixon
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Anthony J Culyer
- Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York, England, UK
| | - Francis Ruiz
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Kalipso Chalkidou
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, England, UK; Centre for Global Development Europe, London, England, UK
| | - Ijeoma Edoka
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Priority Setting, PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciencess, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Riveros BS, Torelli Reis WC, Lucchetta RC, Moreira LB, Lewsey J, Correr CJ, Wu O. Brazilian Analytical Decision Model for Cardiovascular Disease: An Adaptation of the Scottish Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model. Value Health Reg Issues 2018; 17:210-216. [PMID: 30502691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the significant impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is not yet an analytical decision tool for assessing efficiency of interventions to prevent primary CVD events in Brazil. Therefore, we sought to adapt a Scottish CVD Policy Model to be used in the proposed population. METHODS Calibration consisted of identifying multiplicative factors for linear predictors of existing survival analysis models to produce predictions that closely match observed data (Life-table and Brazilian cohort study). Target data were life expectancy (LE) and cumulative incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CBVD), fatal CVD and fatal non-CVD. Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) was used to estimate differences between predictions and observations. Acceptance criteria were defined as a fit of less than one year for LE and 1% for cumulative incidence. Male and female models were built separately. RESULTS The original model underestimated LE (RMSE=2.85 for men and 1.91 for women), CHD and CBVD for women (RMSE=0.044 and 0.041, respectively). The calibration process identified multiplicative factors to reach acceptance criteria for the four target data mentioned above (RMSE=0.61, 0.21, 0.016 and 0.017, respectively). Over prediction was identified only for CHD events in men (RMSE=0.031) being further calibrated (RMSE=0.008). All other target data met the acceptance criteria. Overall, the calibrated model predicts properly to individuals aging 35-80 years old, diabetics or not, smokers or not, with or without family history of CVD, and presenting at least one of the risk factors uncontrolled: Systolic Blood Pressure, Total Cholesterol or HDL-Cholesterol. DISCUSSION This is the first decision analytic model capable of assessing efficiency of interventions that prevent primary CVD events in Brazil. In future research, independent external validation should be carried out to corroborate the reliability of the model outputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Salgado Riveros
- Laboratory of Clinical Services and Health Evidences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Technology Assessment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Walleri Christini Torelli Reis
- Laboratory of Clinical Services and Health Evidences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosa Camila Lucchetta
- Laboratory of Clinical Services and Health Evidences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Leila Beltrami Moreira
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - James Lewsey
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Technology Assessment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cassyano J Correr
- Laboratory of Clinical Services and Health Evidences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Olivia Wu
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Technology Assessment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|