1
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King DT, Serrano-Negrón JE, Zhu Y, Moore CL, Shoulders MD, Foster LJ, Vocadlo DJ. Thermal Proteome Profiling Reveals the O-GlcNAc-Dependent Meltome. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3833-3842. [PMID: 35230102 PMCID: PMC8969899 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications alter the biophysical properties of proteins and thereby influence cellular physiology. One emerging manner by which such modifications regulate protein functions is through their ability to perturb protein stability. Despite the increasing interest in this phenomenon, there are few methods that enable global interrogation of the biophysical effects of posttranslational modifications on the proteome. Here, we describe an unbiased proteome-wide approach to explore the influence of protein modifications on the thermodynamic stability of thousands of proteins in parallel. We apply this profiling strategy to study the effects of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), an abundant modification found on hundreds of proteins in mammals that has been shown in select cases to stabilize proteins. Using this thermal proteomic profiling strategy, we identify a set of 72 proteins displaying O-GlcNAc-dependent thermostability and validate this approach using orthogonal methods targeting specific proteins. These collective observations reveal that the majority of proteins influenced by O-GlcNAc are, surprisingly, destabilized by O-GlcNAc and cluster into distinct macromolecular complexes. These results establish O-GlcNAc as a bidirectional regulator of protein stability and provide a blueprint for exploring the impact of any protein modification on the meltome of, in principle, any organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jesús E Serrano-Negrón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christopher L Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew D Shoulders
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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2
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Moon S, Javed A, Hard ER, Pratt MR. Methods for Studying Site-Specific O-GlcNAc Modifications: Successes, Limitations, and Important Future Goals. JACS Au 2022; 2:74-83. [PMID: 35098223 PMCID: PMC8791055 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification which affects myriad proteins, cellular functions, and disease states. Its presence or absence modulates protein function via differential protein- and site-specific mechanisms, necessitating innovative techniques to probe the modification in highly selective manners. To this end, a variety of biological and chemical methods have been developed to study specific O-GlcNAc modification events both in vitro and in vivo, each with their own respective strengths and shortcomings. Together, they comprise a potent chemical biology toolbox for the analysis of O-GlcNAcylation (and, in theory, other post-translational modifications) while highlighting the need and space for more facile, generalizable, and biologically authentic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart
P. Moon
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Afraah Javed
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eldon R. Hard
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew R. Pratt
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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3
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Balana AT, Moon SP, Pratt MR. O-GlcNAcylated peptides and proteins for structural and functional studies. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 68:84-93. [PMID: 33434850 PMCID: PMC8222092 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an enzymatic post-translational modification occurring in hundreds of protein substrates. This modification occurs through the addition of the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues on intracellular proteins in the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria. As a highly dynamic form of modification, changes in O-GlcNAc levels coincide with alterations in metabolic state, the presence of stressors, and cellular health. At the protein level, the consequences of the sugar modification can vary, thus necessitating biochemical investigations on protein-specific and site-specific effects. To this end, enzymatic and chemical methods to 'encode' the modification have been developed and the utilization of these synthetic glycopeptides and glycoproteins has since been instrumental in the discovery of the mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation can affect a diverse array of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Balana
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Stuart P Moon
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States; Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
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4
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Akella NM, Le Minh G, Ciraku L, Mukherjee A, Bacigalupa ZA, Mukhopadhyay D, Sodi VL, Reginato MJ. O-GlcNAc Transferase Regulates Cancer Stem-like Potential of Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:585-598. [PMID: 31974291 PMCID: PMC7127962 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumors are heterogeneous and composed of different subpopulation of cells, each with dynamic roles that can change with stage, site, and microenvironment. Cellular heterogeneity is, in part, due to cancer stem-like cells (CSC) that share properties with stem cells and are associated with treatment resistance. CSCs rewire metabolism to meet energy demands of increased growth and biosynthesis. O-GlcNAc transferase enzyme (OGT) uses UDP-GlcNAc as a substrate for adding O-GlcNAc moieties to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. OGT/O-GlcNAc levels are elevated in multiple cancers and reducing OGT in cancer cells blocks tumor growth. Here, we report that breast CSCs enriched in mammosphere cultures contain elevated OGT/O-GlcNAcylation. Inhibition of OGT genetically or pharmacologically reduced mammosphere forming efficiency, the CD44H/CD24L, NANOG+, and ALDH+ CSC population in breast cancer cells. Conversely, breast cancer cells overexpressing OGT increased mammosphere formation, CSC populations in vitro, and also increased tumor initiation and CSC frequency in vivo. Furthermore, OGT regulates expression of a number of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and CSC markers including CD44, NANOG, and c-Myc. In addition, we identify Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) as a novel regulator of breast cancer mammosphere formation and a critical target of OGT in regulating CSCs. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that OGT plays a key role in the regulation of breast CSCs in vitro and tumor initiation in vivo, in part, via regulation of KLF8, and thus inhibition of OGT may serve as a therapeutic strategy to regulate tumor-initiating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Akella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giang Le Minh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ayonika Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary A Bacigalupa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dimpi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie L Sodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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5
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Singh JP, Qian K, Lee JS, Zhou J, Han X, Zhang B, Ong Q, Ni W, Jiang M, Ruan HB, Li MD, Zhang K, Ding Z, Lee P, Singh K, Wu J, Herzog RI, Kaech S, Wendel HG, Yates JR, Han W, Sherwin RS, Nie Y, Yang X. O-GlcNAcase targets pyruvate kinase M2 to regulate tumor growth. Oncogene 2020; 39:560-573. [PMID: 31501520 PMCID: PMC7107572 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to adopt aerobic glycolysis in order to fuel tumor growth, but the molecular basis of this metabolic shift remains largely undefined. O-GlcNAcase (OGA) is an enzyme harboring O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) hydrolase and cryptic lysine acetyltransferase activities. Here, we report that OGA is upregulated in a wide range of human cancers and drives aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth by inhibiting pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). PKM2 is dynamically O-GlcNAcylated in response to changes in glucose availability. Under high glucose conditions, PKM2 is a target of OGA-associated acetyltransferase activity, which facilitates O-GlcNAcylation of PKM2 by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAcylation inhibits PKM2 catalytic activity and thereby promotes aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth. These studies define a causative role for OGA in tumor progression and reveal PKM2 O-GlcNAcylation as a metabolic rheostat that mediates exquisite control of aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Singh
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Kevin Qian
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bichen Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Qunxiang Ong
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiming Ni
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Mingzuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Kaisi Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Zhaobing Ding
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamini Singh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Raimund I Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Susan Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Weiping Han
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert S Sherwin
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
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6
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Chen PH, Chi JT, Boyce M. Functional crosstalk among oxidative stress and O-GlcNAc signaling pathways. Glycobiology 2018; 28:556-564. [PMID: 29548027 PMCID: PMC6054262 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, thousands of intracellular proteins are modified with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in response to a wide range of stimuli and stresses. In particular, a complex and evolutionarily conserved interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and oxidative stress has emerged in recent years. Here, we review the current literature on the connections between O-GlcNAc and oxidative stress, with a particular emphasis on major signaling pathways, such as KEAP1/NRF2, FOXO, NFκB, p53 and cell metabolism. Taken together, this work sheds important light on the signaling functions of protein glycosylation and the mechanisms of stress responses alike and illuminates how the two are integrated in animal cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Biochemistry
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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7
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Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification of intracellular proteins. The dynamic and inducible cycling of the modification is governed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in response to UDP-GlcNAc levels in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Due to its reliance on glucose flux and substrate availability, a major focus in the field has been on how O-GlcNAc contributes to metabolic disease. For years this post-translational modification has been known to modify thousands of proteins implicated in various disorders, but direct functional connections have until recently remained elusive. New research is beginning to reveal the specific mechanisms through which O-GlcNAc influences cell dynamics and disease pathology including clear examples of O-GlcNAc modification at a specific site on a given protein altering its biological functions. The following review intends to focus primarily on studies in the last half decade linking O-GlcNAc modification of proteins with chromatin-directed gene regulation, developmental processes, and several metabolically related disorders including Alzheimer's, heart disease and cancer. These studies illustrate the emerging importance of this post-translational modification in biological processes and multiple pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Durning
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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8
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Abstract
Nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins are extensively modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties. This sugar modification regulates fundamental cellular processes in response to diverse nutritional and hormonal cues. The enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) mediate the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc, respectively. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in a plethora of human diseases, including diabetes, cancer, aging, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Because metabolic dysregulation is a vital component of these diseases, unraveling the roles of O-GlcNAc in metabolism is of emerging importance. Here, we review the current understanding of the functions of O-GlcNAc in cell signaling and gene transcription involved in metabolism, and focus on its relevance to diabetes, cancer, circadian rhythm, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Ruan
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
| | - Jay Prakash Singh
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
| | - Jing Wu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
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9
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Abstract
Glycosylation is an abundant post-translational modification that alters the fate and function of its substrate proteins. To aid in understanding the significance of protein glycosylation, identification of target proteins is key. As with all proteomics experiments, mass spectrometry has been established as the desired method for substrate identification. However, these approaches require selective enrichment and purification of modified proteins. Chemical reporters in combination with bioorthogonal reactions have emerged as robust tools for identifying post-translational modifications including glycosylation. We provide here a method for the use of bioorthogonal chemical reporters for isolation and identification of glycosylated proteins. More specifically, this protocol is a representative procedure from our own work using an alkyne-bearing O-GlcNAc chemical reporter (GlcNAlk) and a chemically cleavable azido-azo-biotin probe for the identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balyn W Zaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Abstract
The posttranslational modification of proteins with O-linked β-D: -N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on serine and threonine residues occurs in all animals and plants. This modification is dynamic and ubiquitous, and regulates many cellular processes, including transcription, signaling and cytokinesis and is associated with several diseases. Cycling of O-GlcNAc is tightly regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Plants have two OGTs, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC); disruption of both causes embryo lethality. Despite O-GlcNAc modification of proteins being discovered more than 20-years ago, identification and mapping of protein GlcNAcylation is still a challenging task. Here we describe the use of lectin affinity chromatography combined with electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry to enrich and to detect O-GlcNAc modified peptides from Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
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11
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Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a common post-translational modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic proteins that is implicated in the etiology of type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, as well as cardioprotection. This unit covers simple and comprehensive techniques for identifying proteins modified by O-GlcNAc, studying the enzymes that add and remove O-GlcNAc, and mapping O-GlcNAc modification sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E. Zachara
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Keith Vosseller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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12
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Klement E, Lipinszki Z, Kupihár Z, Udvardy A, Medzihradszky KF. Enrichment of O-GlcNAc modified proteins by the periodate oxidation-hydrazide resin capture approach. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2200-6. [PMID: 20146544 PMCID: PMC2866058 DOI: 10.1021/pr900984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A chemical derivatization approach has been developed for the enrichment of O-GlcNAc modified proteins. The procedure is based on the isolation technique used for N-glycoproteins with appropriate modifications because of the differences in the two types of glycosylation: a prolonged periodate oxidation is followed by hydrazide resin capture, on-resin proteolytic digestion, and release of the modified peptides by hydroxylamine. This enrichment strategy offers a fringe benefit in mass spectrometry analysis. Upon collisional activation, the presence of the open carbohydrate ring leads to characteristic fragmentation facilitating both glycopeptide identification and site assignment. The enrichment protocol was applied to the Drosophila proteasome complex previously described as O-GlcNAc modified. The O-GlcNAc modification was located on proteasome interacting proteins, deubiquitinating enzyme Faf (CG1945) and a ubiquitin-like domain containing protein (CG7546). Three other proteins were also found GlcNAc modified, a HSP70 homologue (CG2918), scribbled (CG5462) and the 205 kDa microtubule-associated protein (CG1483). Interestingly, in the HSP70 homologue the GlcNAc modification is attached to an asparagine residue of a N-glycosylation motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klement
- Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lipinszki
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kupihár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andor Udvardy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin F. Medzihradszky
- Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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