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Putra NE, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Sustainable Sources of Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone-Substituting Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301837. [PMID: 37535435 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for sustainable development has never been more urgent, as the world continues to struggle with environmental challenges, such as climate change, pollution, and dwindling natural resources. The use of renewable and recycled waste materials as a source of raw materials for biomaterials and tissue engineering is a promising avenue for sustainable development. Although tissue engineering has rapidly developed, the challenges associated with fulfilling the increasing demand for bone substitutes and implants remain unresolved, particularly as the global population ages. This review provides an overview of waste materials, such as eggshells, seashells, fish residues, and agricultural biomass, that can be transformed into biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. While the development of recycled metals is in its early stages, the use of probiotics and renewable polymers to improve the biofunctionalities of bone implants is highlighted. Despite the advances of additive manufacturing (AM), studies on AM waste-derived bone-substitutes are limited. It is foreseeable that AM technologies can provide a more sustainable alternative to manufacturing biomaterials and implants. The preliminary results of eggshell and seashell-derived calcium phosphate and rice husk ash-derived silica can likely pave the way for more advanced applications of AM waste-derived biomaterials for sustainably addressing several unmet clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko E Putra
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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2
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Gibon E, Takakubo Y, Zwingenberger S, Gallo J, Takagi M, Goodman SB. Friend or foe? Inflammation and the foreign body response to orthopedic biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023. [PMID: 37656958 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomaterials and implants for joint replacement, fracture fixation, spinal stabilization and other orthopedic indications has revolutionized patient care by reliably decreasing pain and improving function. These surgical procedures always invoke an acute inflammatory reaction initially, that in most cases, readily subsides. Occasionally, chronic inflammation around the implant develops and persists; this results in unremitting pain and compromises function. The etiology of chronic inflammation may be specific, such as with infection, or be unknown. The histological hallmarks of chronic inflammation include activated macrophages, fibroblasts, T cell subsets, and other cells of the innate immune system. The presence of cells of the adaptive immune system usually indicates allergic reactions to metallic haptens. A foreign body reaction is composed of activated macrophages, giant cells, fibroblasts, and other cells often distributed in a characteristic histological arrangement; this reaction is usually due to particulate debris and other byproducts from the biomaterials used in the implant. Both chronic inflammation and the foreign body response have adverse biological effects on the integration of the implant with the surrounding tissues. Strategies to mitigate chronic inflammation and the foreign body response will enhance the initial incorporation and longevity of the implant, and thereby, improve long-term pain relief and overall function for the patient. The seminal research performed in the laboratory of Dr. James Anderson and co-workers has provided an inspirational and driving force for our laboratory's work on the interactions and crosstalk among cells of the mesenchymal, immune, and vascular lineages, and orthopedic biomaterials. Dr. Anderson's delineation of the fundamental biologic processes and mechanisms underlying acute and chronic inflammation, the foreign body response, resolution, and eventual functional integration of implants in different organ systems has provided researchers with a strategic approach to the use of biomaterials to improve health in numerous clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuya Takakubo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Stefan Zwingenberger
- University Center for Orthopaedics, Traumatology, and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and (by courtesy) Bioengineering, Stanford University Medical Center Outpatient Center, California, USA
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Mace A, Gilbert JL. Low cycle fretting and fretting corrosion properties of low carbon CoCrMo and additively manufactured CoCrMoW alloys for dental and orthopedic applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 37081711 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) of CoCrMo metallic implants is growing in the orthopedic and dental fields. This is due to the traditional alloy's excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. AM processes like selective laser melting (SLM) require less time, materials, and waste than casting or subtractive manufacturing complex-geometry structures (bridges, partial dentures, etc.). The objective of this work was to investigate the low cycle tribological and tribocorrosion characteristics of AM CoCrMoW alloys compared to wrought LC CoCrMo (ASTM F-1537) to assess this AM alloy's performance. Fretting and tribocorrosion testing was performed in air (wear only), PBS (wear + corrosion), and PBS with 10 mM H2 O2 (wear + corrosion + inflammation) by a single diamond asperity. No variation between alloys in volume of material removed (p = .12), volume of plastic deformation (p = .13), and scratch depth (p = .84) showed that AM was substantially similar in wear resistance to LC in air and PBS. AM exhibited significantly higher fretting currents (p < .01) at loads up to 100 mN ( I AM PBS $$ {I}_{\mathrm{AM}}^{\mathrm{PBS}} $$ = 57 nA and I AM H 2 O 2 $$ {I}_{\mathrm{AM}}^{H_2{O}_2} $$ = 49 nA) than LC CoCrMo ( I LC PBS $$ {I}_{\mathrm{LC}}^{\mathrm{PBS}} $$ = 30 nA) and ( I LC H 2 O 2 $$ {I}_{\mathrm{LC}}^{H_2{O}_2} $$ = 29 nA). In PBS, wear track depth linearly correlates to fretting current, averaged over 100 cycles. Additionally, fretting currents of both alloys were significantly lower in simulated inflammatory conditions compared to PBS alone. AM alloy has generally similar wear and tribocorrosion resistance to wrought LC CoCrMo and would be ideal for patient specific dentistry or orthopedics where precise, complex geometries are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annsley Mace
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University - MUSC Bioengineering Program, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy L Gilbert
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University - MUSC Bioengineering Program, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Tan X, Gerhard E, Wang Y, Tran RT, Xu H, Yan S, Rizk EB, Armstrong AD, Zhou Y, Du J, Bai X, Yang J. Development of Biodegradable Osteopromotive Citrate-Based Bone Putty. Small 2022; 18:e2203003. [PMID: 35717669 PMCID: PMC9463100 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The burden of bone fractures demands development of effective biomaterial solutions, while additional acute events such as noncompressible bleeding further motivate the search for multi-functional implants to avoid complications including osseous hemorrhage, infection, and nonunion. Bone wax has been widely used in orthopedic bleeding control due to its simplicity of use and conformation to irregular defects; however, its nondegradability results in impaired bone healing, risk of infection, and significant inflammatory responses. Herein, a class of intrinsically fluorescent, osteopromotive citrate-based polymer/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites (BPLP-Ser/HA) as a highly malleable press-fit putty is designed. BPLP-Ser/HA putty displays mechanics replicating early nonmineralized bone (initial moduli from ≈2-500 kPa), hydration induced mechanical strengthening in physiological conditions, tunable degradation rates (over 2 months), low swelling ratios (<10%), clotting and hemostatic sealing potential (resistant to blood pressure for >24 h) and significant adhesion to bone (≈350-550 kPa). Simultaneously, citrate's bioactive properties result in antimicrobial (≈100% and 55% inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli) and osteopromotive effects. Finally, BPLP-Ser/HA putty demonstrates in vivo regeneration in a critical-sized rat calvaria model equivalent to gold standard autograft. BPLP-Ser/HA putty represents a simple, off-the-shelf solution to the combined challenges of acute wound management and subsequent bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Academy of Orthopedics, Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510280, China
| | - Ethan Gerhard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Richard T. Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elias B. Rizk
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - April D. Armstrong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yuxiao Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510280, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Acharya S, Gopal V, Gupta SK, Nilawar S, Manivasagam G, Suwas S, Chatterjee K. Anisotropy of Additively Manufactured Co-28Cr-6Mo Influences Mechanical Properties and Biomedical Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:21906-21915. [PMID: 35532349 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) of biomedical alloys such as Co-Cr-Mo alloys holds immense potential for fabricating implants with complex geometry and tailored to meet patient-specific needs. However, layer-by-layer fabrication in AM processes results in undesired anisotropy due to the solidification texture and grain morphology. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of build orientation on the mechanical properties and functional performance, including tribocorrosion behavior and cytocompatibility of an orthopedic Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy manufactured by selective laser melting. Although the fabricated alloy showed weak crystallographic texture due to the rotational scanning strategy, significant anisotropy was found in the tensile properties due to the grain size and morphology. The presence of larger, elongated grains along the build direction as compared to smaller, equiaxed grains perpendicular to the build direction imparted the observed tensile anisotropy. Quantitative analysis based on current models for strengthening mechanisms is insufficient to explain the observed anisotropy, which is ascribed to the possible role of the cellular dendrites and stacking fault strengthening in Co-Cr alloys. Unlike the electrochemical behavior, which was largely independent of the build orientation, the bio-tribocorrosion studies revealed an anisotropic wear rate under fretting conditions. Osteoblast attachment and proliferation were found to be higher on the plane perpendicular to the build direction, owing to the differences in grain size. This work provides novel insights into the role of the manufacturing parameters in a selective-laser-melted Co-Cr alloy and its potential application in engineering load-bearing orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Acharya
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vasanth Gopal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sagar Nilawar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satyam Suwas
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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6
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Suntharavel
Muthaiah VM, Rajput M, Tripathi A, Suwas S, Chatterjee K. Electrophoretic Deposition of Nanocrystalline Calcium Phosphate Coating for Augmenting Bioactivity of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. ACS Mater Au 2021; 2:132-142. [PMID: 36855763 PMCID: PMC9888615 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is being widely explored for engineering biomedical implants. The microstructure and surface finish of additively manufactured parts are typically different from wrought parts and exhibit limited bioactivity despite the other advantages of using AM for fabrication. The aim of this study was to enhance the bioactivity of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy by electrophoretic deposition of nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) coatings. The deposition parameters were systematically investigated after the coatings were deposited on the as-manufactured surface or after polishing the surface of the additively-manufactured sample. The surfaces were coated with nanoHAp suspended in either ethanol or butanol using different voltages (10, 30, or 50 V) for varied deposition times. The formation of the nanoHAp coating was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Microstructural analysis revealed that several conditions of the coating led to crack formation. The coated samples were subsequently heat-treated to improve the integrity of the coating. Heat treatment led to crack formation in several conditions due to thermal shrinkages. Coatings prepared using butanol were more uniform and had minimal cracks compared with the use of ethanol. Nanoindentation confirmed good stability and integrity of the nanoHAP coatings on the as-manufactured and polished surfaces. The coating on the as-manufactured sample exhibited higher hardness and lower elastic modulus as compared with the coating on the polished sample. In vitro study revealed that the nanoHAp coating markedly enhanced the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of preosteoblasts on the alloy. These results provide a viable route to enhancing the bioactivity through deposition of nanoHAp with important implications for engineering additively manufactured orthopedic and dental implants suitable for better clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Suntharavel
Muthaiah
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Monika Rajput
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ananya Tripathi
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Satyam Suwas
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India,; Tel.: +91-80-22933408
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Li YL, Zhao WK, Zhang J, Xiang C, Chen Q, Yan C, Jiang K. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66/yttria-stabilized zirconia as a novel bioactive material for bone screws: Biocompatibility and bioactivity. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:108-122. [PMID: 32248734 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220916618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia and its derivatives have been receiving increased levels of attention with regard to their potential application in bone tissue engineering. These materials are of particular interest because of their excellent characteristics, such as superior biological and mechanical properties. In this study, yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (YTZ)-reinforced nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (nHA/PA66) bone screws were prepared. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of nHA/PA66/YTZ were evaluated in vitro using MC3T3-E1 cells. Biocompatibility and bioactivity experiments (cell counting kit-8 tests, cell immunofluorescence analysis, and polymerase chain reaction) showed that nHA/PA66/YTZ could facilitate the biological functions of MC3T3-E1 cells. The attachment, proliferation, spreading, and expression of genes associated with osteogenesis (collagen 1, osteopontin, and osteocalcin) in cells cultured with the nHA/PA66/YTZ composite were all superior compared with the control groups (P < 0.05). In addition, nHA/PA66/YTZ bone screws were implanted into the femoral condyles of rabbits, and titanium screws were employed as a control group; postoperative histology and blood analysis revealed no obvious damage to the liver, kidneys, or any other major organs in either of the experimental groups. Moreover, nHA/PA66/YTZ screws resulted in significantly better bone-implant contact interfaces and enhanced formation of trabecular bone (P < 0.05); these characteristics were markedly better than those in the group that received titanium screws. These observations indicate that YTZ-reinforced nHA/PA66 composites have significant potential for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China
| | - Wei-Kang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China
| | - Chao Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China
| | - Caiping Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China
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Moghanian A, Portillo-Lara R, Shirzaei Sani E, Konisky H, Bassir SH, Annabi N. Synthesis and characterization of osteoinductive visible light-activated adhesive composites with antimicrobial properties. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:66-81. [PMID: 31850689 PMCID: PMC6992487 DOI: 10.1002/term.2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Orthopedic surgical procedures based on the use of conventional biological graft tissues are often associated with serious post-operative complications such as immune rejection, bacterial infection, and poor osseointegration. Bioresorbable bone graft substitutes have emerged as attractive alternatives to conventional strategies because they can mimic the composition and mechanical properties of the native bone. Among these, bioactive glasses (BGs) hold great potential to be used as biomaterials for bone tissue engineering owing to their biomimetic composition and high biocompatibility and osteoinductivity. Here, we report the development of a novel composite biomaterial for bone tissue engineering based on the incorporation of a modified strontium- and lithium-doped 58S BG (i.e., BG-5/5) into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. We characterized the physicochemical properties of the BG formulation via different analytical techniques. Composite hydrogels were then prepared by directly adding BG-5/5 to the GelMA hydrogel precursor, followed by photocrosslinking of the polymeric network via visible light. We characterized the physical, mechanical, and adhesive properties of GelMA/BG-5/5 composites, as well as their in vitro cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity. In addition, we evaluated the antimicrobial properties of these composites in vitro, using a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. GelMA/BG-5/5 composites combined the functional characteristics of the inorganic BG component, with the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biomimetic composition of the hydrogel network. This novel biomaterial could be used for developing osteoinductive scaffolds or implant surface coatings with intrinsic antimicrobial properties and higher therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Moghanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Roberto Portillo-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hailey Konisky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Zhang S, Yang Q, Zhao W, Qiao B, Cui H, Fan J, Li H, Tu X, Jiang D. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of graphene-reinforced nanohydroxyapatite polyamide66 ternary biocomposite as orthopedic implant material. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3179-89. [PMID: 27471385 PMCID: PMC4948937 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives have been receiving increasing attention regarding their application in bone tissue engineering because of their excellent characteristics, such as a vast specific surface area and excellent mechanical properties. In this study, graphene-reinforced nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) bone screws were prepared. The results of scanning electron microscopy observation and X-ray diffraction data showed that both graphene and nHA had good dispersion in the PA66 matrix. In addition, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composites were significantly improved by 49.14% and 21.2%, respectively. The murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 exhibited better adhesion and proliferation in graphene reinforced nHA/PA66 composite material compared to the nHA/PA66 composites. The cells developed more pseudopods, with greater cell density and a more distinguishable cytoskeletal structure. These results were confirmed by fluorescent staining and cell viability assays. After C3H10T1/2 cells were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 7 and 14 days, the bone differentiation-related gene expression, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin were significantly increased in the cells cocultured with graphene reinforced nHA/PA66. This result demonstrated the bone-inducing characteristics of this composite material, a finding that was further supported by alizarin red staining results. In addition, graphene reinforced nHA/PA66 bone screws were implanted in canine femoral condyles, and postoperative histology revealed no obvious damage to the liver, spleen, kidneys, brain, or other major organs. The bone tissue around the implant grew well and was directly connected to the implant. The soft tissues showed no obvious inflammatory reaction, which demonstrated the good biocompatibility of the screws. These observations indicate that graphene-reinforced nHA/PA66 composites have great potential for application in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Qiming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Weikang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Hongwang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Jianjun Fan
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Centre, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Hong Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Xiaolin Tu
- Institutes of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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