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Anindya R, Rutter GA, Meur G. New-onset type 1 diabetes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:191-203. [PMID: 36529987 PMCID: PMC9877852 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a condition characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin. Loss of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells is one of the many causes of T1D. Viral infections have long been associated with new-onset T1D and the balance between virulence and host immunity determines whether the viral infection would lead to T1D. Herein, we detail the dynamic interaction of pancreatic β cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the host immune system with respect to new-onset T1D. Importantly, β cells express the crucial entry receptors and multiple studies confirmed that β cells are infected by SARS-CoV-2. Innate immune system effectors, such as natural killer cells, can eliminate such infected β cells. Although CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T (TREG ) cells provide immune tolerance to prevent the destruction of the islet β-cell population by autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells, it can be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 infection may compromise self-tolerance by depleting TREG -cell numbers or diminishing TREG -cell functions by repressing Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression. However, the expansion of β cells by self-duplication, and regeneration from progenitor cells, could effectively replace lost β cells. Appearance of islet autoantibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in a few cases, which could imply a breakdown of immune tolerance in the pancreatic islets. However, many of the cases with newly diagnosed autoimmune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection also presented with significantly high HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) levels that indicated progression of an already set diabetes, rather than new-onset T1D. Here we review the potential underlying mechanisms behind loss of functional β-cell mass as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection that can trigger new-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore.,Centre of Research of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gargi Meur
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Zhang GF, Jensen MV, Gray SM, El K, Wang Y, Lu D, Becker TC, Campbell JE, Newgard CB. Reductive TCA cycle metabolism fuels glutamine- and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Cell Metab 2021; 33:804-817.e5. [PMID: 33321098 PMCID: PMC8115731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic fuels regulate insulin secretion by generating second messengers that drive insulin granule exocytosis, but the biochemical pathways involved are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of rat insulinoma cells or primary rat islets with glucose or glutamine + 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (Gln + BCH) induces reductive, "counter-clockwise" tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux of glutamine to citrate. Molecular or pharmacologic suppression of isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2), which catalyzes reductive carboxylation of 2-ketoglutarate to isocitrate, results in impairment of glucose- and Gln + BCH-stimulated reductive TCA cycle flux, lowering of NADPH levels, and inhibition of insulin secretion. Pharmacologic suppression of IDH2 also inhibits insulin secretion in living mice. Reductive TCA cycle flux has been proposed as a mechanism for generation of biomass in cancer cells. Here we demonstrate that reductive TCA cycle flux also produces stimulus-secretion coupling factors that regulate insulin secretion, including in non-dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Mette V Jensen
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Sarah M Gray
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kimberley El
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - You Wang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Danhong Lu
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Thomas C Becker
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
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Pang ZD, Wang Y, Wang XJ, She G, Ma XZ, Song Z, Zhao LM, Wang HF, Lai BC, Gou W, Du XJ, Deng XL. K Ca3.1 channel mediates inflammatory signaling of pancreatic β cells and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. FASEB J 2019; 33:14760-14771. [PMID: 31690106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901329rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic islet inflammation is associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channel plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. However, the role and regulation of KCa3.1 in pancreatic β cells in progression of T2DM remain unclarified. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the specific KCa3.1 channel blocker 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34) on diabetic phenotype in the db/db model. In diabetic mice, blockade of KCa3.1 significantly improved glucose tolerance, enhanced secretion of postprandial insulin level, and reduced loss of β-cell mass through attenuating the expression and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, in cultured pancreatic β cells, exposure to high levels of glucose or palmitic acid significantly increased expression and current density of the KCa3.1 channel as well as secretion of proinflammatory chemokines, and the effects were similarly reversed by preincubation with TRAM-34 or a NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Additionally, expression of KCa3.1 in pancreas islet cells was up-regulated by activation of NF-κB with IL-1β stimulation. In summary, up-regulated KCa3.1 due to activation of NF-κB pathway leads to pancreatic inflammation via expression and secretion of chemokines and cytokines by pancreatic β cells, thereby facilitating progression of T2DM.-Pang, Z.-D., Wang, Y., Wang, X.-J., She, G., Ma, X.-Z., Song, Z., Zhao, L.-M., Wang, H.-F., Lai, B.-C., Gou, W., Du, X.-J., Deng, X.-L. KCa3.1 channel mediates inflammatory signaling of pancreatic β cells and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Da Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang She
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Guangren Hospital-Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao-Chang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and
| | - Wei Gou
- Basic Experiment Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and
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Yu L, Wang H, Guo Z, Li F, Cui H. Role of nucleolar protein NOM1 in pancreatic islet β cell apoptosis in diabetes. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2275-2280. [PMID: 27698723 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that results from impairment in insulin secretion. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of NOM1 in the function of pancreatic islet β cells and insulin secretion. MIN6 cells isolated from mice were transfected with siRNA-NOM1 to assess the influence of NOM1 on the expression of the cell apoptosis-associated proteins, such as caspase-3. In addition, MIN6 cells were cultured in medium containing different glucose concentrations in order to assess the sensitivity of MIN6 cells to glucose. The effect of NOM1 expression and glucose on MIN6 cell proliferation was also analyzed using an MTT assay. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of insulin 1 and 2 in MIN6 cells were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while the expression levels of various cell apoptosis-associated proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax, were analyzed using western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, downregulation NOM1 and high glucose concentration of 25 mM significantly increased the cleaved caspase-3 level in MIN6 cells (P<0.05). In addition, downregulation of NOM1 significantly inhibited the MIN6 cell proliferation ability and reduced the insulin 2 mRNA expression (P<0.05). NOM1 knockdown also resulted in significantly increased Bax2 level and decreased Bcl-2 level in MIN6 cells (P<0.05). However no significant difference in insulin mRNA expression was observed between the control and siRNA-NOM1-transfected group (P>0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggested that NOM1 expression may be affected by blood glucose, and that NOM1 may be associated with pancreatic islet β cell apoptosis. In addition, NOM1 may serve a pivotal role in diabetes by affecting insulin synthesis and secretion in pancreatic islet β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxiu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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