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Essa ARS, Eldersy RIA, Ahmed MMZ, Abd El-Aty A, Alamry A, Alzahrani B, El-Nikhaily AE, Habba MIA. Modeling and Experimental Investigation of the Impact of the Hemispherical Tool on Heat Generation and Tensile Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5083 and AA7075 Al Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:433. [PMID: 38255601 PMCID: PMC10817553 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a hemispherical friction stir welding (FSW) tool on the heat generation and mechanical properties of dissimilar butt welded AA5083 and AA7075 alloys. FSW was performed on the dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5083-H111 and AA7075-T6 using welding speeds of 25, 50, and 75 mm/min. The tool rotation rate was kept constant at 500 rpm. An analytical model was developed to calculate heat generation and temperature distribution during the FSW process utilizing a hemispherical tool. The experimental results were compared to the calculated data. The latter confirms the accuracy of the analytical model, demonstrating a high degree of agreement. Sound FSW dissimilar joints were achieved at welding speeds of 50 and 25 mm/min. Meanwhile, joints created at a welding speed of 75 mm/min exhibited a tunnel-like defect, which can be attributed to the minimal heat generated at this particular welding speed. At a lower welding speed of 25 mm/min, a higher tensile strength of the dissimilar FSWed joints AA5083 and AA7075 was achieved with a joint efficiency of over 97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R. S. Essa
- Mechanical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez 43211, Egypt; (A.R.S.E.); (R.I.A.E.); (A.E.E.-N.); (M.I.A.H.)
- Faculty of Engineering, King Salman International University, El Tor 45615, Egypt
| | - Ramy I. A. Eldersy
- Mechanical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez 43211, Egypt; (A.R.S.E.); (R.I.A.E.); (A.E.E.-N.); (M.I.A.H.)
| | - Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.Z.A.); (A.A.); (B.A.)
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43211, Egypt
| | - Ali Abd El-Aty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.Z.A.); (A.A.); (B.A.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Ali Alamry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.Z.A.); (A.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Bandar Alzahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.Z.A.); (A.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Ahmed E. El-Nikhaily
- Mechanical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez 43211, Egypt; (A.R.S.E.); (R.I.A.E.); (A.E.E.-N.); (M.I.A.H.)
| | - Mohamed I. A. Habba
- Mechanical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez 43211, Egypt; (A.R.S.E.); (R.I.A.E.); (A.E.E.-N.); (M.I.A.H.)
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Kuo CC, Liang HX, Huang SH, Tseng SF. Rotary Friction Welding of Polyetheretherketone Biopolymer Rods Using Variable Rotational Speed. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4077. [PMID: 37896320 PMCID: PMC10610441 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising biomaterial due to its excellent mechanical properties. Most PPEK manufacturing methods include additive manufacturing, injection molding, grinding, pulse laser drilling, or incremental sheet forming. Rotary friction welding (RFW) is a promising bonding technique in many industries. However, very few studies have focused on the RFW of PEEK. Conventionally, the number of revolutions is fixed during the welding process. Remarkably, the rotary friction welding of PEEK polymer rods using an innovative variable rotational speed is investigated in this study. The average bending strength of the welded part using a three-stage transformation rotational speed was enhanced by about 140% compared with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm. The advantage of computer numerical controlled RFW of PEEK using variable rotational speed is a reduced cycle time of RFW. A reduction in cycle time of about 6% can be obtained using the proposed RFW with a three-stage transformation rotational speed. The innovative approach provides low environmental pollution and high energy efficiency and complies with sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chil-Chyuan Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Reliability Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, Taishan District, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Xhin Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Song-Hua Huang
- Li-Yin Technology Co., Ltd., No. 37, Lane 151, Section 1, Zhongxing Road, Wugu District, New Taipei City 241, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao E. Road, Da’an District, Taipei City 106344, Taiwan
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Kuo CC, Gurumurthy N, Chen HW, Hunag SH. Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Peak Temperature in the Weld Joint during Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Plastic Rods. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092124. [PMID: 37177272 PMCID: PMC10181457 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotary friction welding (RFW) could result in lower welding temperature, energy consumption, or environmental effects as compared with fusion welding processes. RFW is a green manufacturing technology with little environmental pollution in the field of joining methods. Thus, RFW is widely employed to manufacture green products. In general, the welding quality of welded parts, such as tensile strength, bending strength, and surface hardness is affected by the peak temperature in the weld joint during the RFW of dissimilar plastic rods. However, hitherto little is known about the domain knowledge of RFW of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) polymer rods. To prevent random efforts and energy consumption, a green method to predict the peak temperature in the weld joint of dissimilar RFW of ABS and PC rods was proposed. The main objective of this work is to investigate the peak temperature in the weld joint during the RFW using COMSOL multiphysics software for establishing an empirical technical database of RFW of dissimilar polymer rods under different rotational speeds. The main findings include that the peak temperature affecting the mechanical properties of RFW of PC and ABS can be determined by the simulation model proposed in this work. The average error of predicting the peak temperature using COMSOL software for five different rotational speeds is about 15 °C. The mesh element count of 875,688 is the optimal number of meshes for predicting peak temperature in the weld joint. The bending strength of the welded part (y) using peak welding temperature (x) can be predicted by the equation of y = -0.019 x2 + 5.081x - 200.75 with a correlation coefficient of 0.8857. The average shore A surface hardness, impact energy, and bending strength of the welded parts were found to be increased with increasing the rotational speed of RFW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chil-Chyuan Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Naruboyana Gurumurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Presidency University, Rajankunte, Near Yelhanka, Bangalore 700073, India
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Song-Hua Hunag
- Li-Yin Technology Co., Ltd., No. 37, Lane 151, Section 1, Zhongxing Road, Wugu District, New Taipei City 241, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Xiao J, Liu W, Zhao A. Effect of Welding Peak Temperature on Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Heat-Affected Zone of Q690 High Strength Bridge Steel. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2981. [PMID: 34072899 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of peak temperature (TP) on the microstructure and impact toughness of the welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) of Q690 high-strength bridge steel was studied using a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine. The results show that the microstructure of the inter critical heat-affected zone (ICHAZ) was ferrite and bainite. The microstructure of fine grain heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) was lath bainite (LB) LB, lath martensite (LM), and granular bainite (GB), but the microstructure of FGHAZ was finer. With the increase in peak temperature, the content of LB and GB decreased, the content of LM increased, and the lath bundles of LM and LB gradually became coarser. With the increase in peak temperature, the grain size of the original austenite increased significantly, and the impact toughness decreased significantly. When the peak temperature was 800 °C, the toughness was the best. For CGHAZ, the peak temperature should be less than 1200 °C to avoid excessive growth of grain and reduction of mechanical property.
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SCHIAVETTI R, DE VICO G, CASUCCI A, COVELLO F, OTTRIA L, SANNINO G, BARLATTANI A. Control and reduction of peak temperature in self-curing resins. Oral Implantol (Rome) 2009; 2:21-26. [PMID: 23285365 PMCID: PMC3415349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION.: The aim of this experimental study was to reduce the exothermic reaction during curing of the resins to cold. The significant exotherm generated by the reaction of polymerization of the resin curing involves many clinical complications including the high risk of necrosis against tooth. MATERIAL AND METHODS.: They were used four different types of self curing resins all based on methyl methacrylate, Jet Kit, Major Dentin, Dura Lay, Temporary Cold. The reaction of polymerization of the resins was done in Teflon pans and was monitored by a thermocouple which recorded the highest level reached by each temperature resin with and without additive. The polymerization reaction took place for each resin in the presence of an essential oil, the terpinolene, which acted as a "chain transfer" and different temperatures were recorded. RESULTS.: Resins Dura Lay and Jet kit showed a reduction of very high temperature in the presence of terpinolene, with a statistically significant difference compared to the same reaction without terpinolene Major resin dentin in the presence of the additive has reduced by 8.4°C peak temperature. Resin Temporary Cold has showed benefits with respect to peak temperature, but the reaction was much more 'consistent presence of the additive. DISCUSSION.: The system through which the chain transfer acts to lower the temperature of the reaction is that of chain transfer. Namely that interfere with the reaction of the polymer chains, by transferring these acrylic radicals are no longer active, ie, no longer able to bind to other monomer units, thus avoiding the excessive growth of macromolecules which are those that determine the temperature rise. This leads to the formation of more polymer chains with lower molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. SCHIAVETTI
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy, Department of Odontostomatological Science
| | - G. DE VICO
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy, Department of Odontostomatological Science
| | - A. CASUCCI
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Department of Fixed Prosthodontics
| | - F. COVELLO
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy, Department of Odontostomatological Science
| | - L. OTTRIA
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy, Department of Odontostomatological Science
| | - G. SANNINO
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy, Department of Odontostomatological Science
| | - A. BARLATTANI
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy, Department of Odontostomatological Science
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