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Kinoshita-Terauchi N, Shiba K, Umezawa T, Inaba K. Distinct regulation of two flagella by calcium during chemotaxis of male gametes in the brown alga Mutimo cylindricus (Cutleriaceae, Tilopteridales). J Phycol 2024; 60:409-417. [PMID: 38159028 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Brown algal male gametes show chemotaxis to the sex pheromone that is released from female gametes. The chemotactic behavior of the male gametes is controlled by the changes in the beating of two flagella known as the anterior and posterior flagellum. Our previous study using Mutimo cylindricus showed that the sex pheromone induced an increment in both the deflection angle of the anterior flagellum and sustained unilateral bend of the posterior flagellum, but the mechanisms regulating these two flagellar waveforms were not fully revealed. In this study, we analyzed the changes in swimming path and flagellar waveforms with a high-speed recording system under different calcium conditions. The extracellular Ca2+ concentration at 10-3 M caused an increment in the deflection angle of the anterior flagellum only when ionomycin was absent. No sustained unilateral bend of the posterior flagellum was induced either in the absence or presence of ionomycin in extracellular Ca2+ concentrations below 10-2 M. Real-time Ca2+ imaging revealed that there is a spot near the basal part of anterior flagellum showing higher Ca2+ than in the other parts of the cell. The intensity of the spot slightly decreased when male gametes were treated with the sex pheromone. These results suggest that Ca2+-dependent changes in the anterior and posterior flagellum are regulated by distinct mechanisms and that the increase in the anterior flagellar deflection angle and sustained unilateral bend of the posterior flagellum may not be primarily induced by the Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
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Ponce NMA, Stortz CA. A Comprehensive and Comparative Analysis of the Fucoidan Compositional Data Across the Phaeophyceae. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:556312. [PMID: 33324429 PMCID: PMC7723892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the current review, compositional data on fucoidans extracted from more than hundred different species were surveyed through the available literature. The analysis of crude extracts, purified extracts or carefully isolated fractions is included in tabular form, discriminating the seaweed source by its taxonomical order (and sometimes the family). This survey was able to encounter some similarities between the different species, as well as some differences. Fractions which were obtained through anion-exchange chromatography or cationic detergent precipitation showed the best separation patterns: the fractions with low charge correspond mostly to highly heterogeneous fucoidans, containing (besides fucose) other monosaccharides like xylose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid, and contain low-sulfate/high uronic acid proportions, whereas those with higher total charge usually contain mainly fucose, accompanied with variable proportions of galactose, are highly sulfated and show almost no uronic acids. The latter fractions are usually the most biologically active. Fractions containing intermediate proportions of both polysaccharides appear at middle ionic strengths. This pattern is common for all the orders of brown seaweeds, and most differences appear from the seaweed source (habitat, season), and from the diverse extraction, purification, and analytitcal methods. The Dictyotales appear to be the most atypical order, as usually large proportions of mannose and uronic acids appear, and thus they obscure the differences between the fractions with different charge. Within the family Alariaceae (order Laminariales), the presence of sulfated galactofucans with high galactose content (almost equal to that of fucose) is especially noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M. A. Ponce
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A. Stortz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang S, Lin L, Shi Y, Qian W, Li N, Yan X, Zou H, Wu M. First Draft Genome Assembly of the Seaweed Sargassum fusiforme. Front Genet 2020; 11:590065. [PMID: 33193728 PMCID: PMC7644962 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.590065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqin Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lidong Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Dongtou Fisheries Science and Technology Research Institute, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijian Shi
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Qian
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huixi Zou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Coelho SM, Godfroy O, Arun A, Le Corguillé G, Peters AF, Cock JM. Genetic regulation of life cycle transitions in the brown alga Ectocarpus. Plant Signal Behav 2011; 6:1858-60. [PMID: 22067105 PMCID: PMC3329369 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.11.17737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The life cycle of an organism is one of its most elemental features, underpinning a broad range of phenomena including developmental processes, reproductive fitness, mode of dispersal and adaptation to the local environment. Life cycle modification may have played an important role during the evolution of several eukaryotic groups, including the terrestrial plants. Brown algae are potentially interesting models to study life cycle evolution because this group exhibits a broad range of different life cycles. Currently, life cycle studies are focused on the emerging brown algal model Ectocarpus. Two life cycle mutants have been described in this species, both of which cause the sporophyte generation to exhibit gametophyte characteristics. The ouroboros mutation is particularly interesting because it induces complete conversion of the sporophyte generation into a functional, gamete-producing gametophyte, a class of mutation that has not been described so far in other systems. Analysis of Ectocarpus life cycle mutants is providing insights into several life-cycle-related processes including parthenogenesis, symmetric/asymmetric initial cell divisions and sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M. Coelho
- CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - Olivier Godfroy
- CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - Alok Arun
- CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - Gildas Le Corguillé
- Service Informatique et Génomique, Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff, France
| | | | - J. Mark Cock
- CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
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Coelho SM, Godfroy O, Arun A, Le Corguillé G, Peters AF, Cock JM. OUROBOROS is a master regulator of the gametophyte to sporophyte life cycle transition in the brown alga Ectocarpus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:11518-23. [PMID: 21709217 PMCID: PMC3136289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102274108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus has a haploid-diploid life cycle that involves an alternation between two distinct generations, the sporophyte and the gametophyte. We describe a mutant, ouroboros (oro), in which the sporophyte generation is converted into a functional, gamete-producing gametophyte. The life history of the mutant thus consists of a continuous reiteration of the gametophyte generation. The oro mutant exhibited morphological features typical of the gametophyte generation and accumulated transcripts of gametophyte generation marker genes. Genetic analysis showed that oro behaved as a single, recessive, Mendelian locus that was unlinked to the IMMEDIATE UPRIGHT locus, which has been shown to be necessary for full expression of the sporophyte developmental program. The data presented here indicate that ORO is a master regulator of the gametophyte-to-sporophyte life cycle transition and, moreover, that oro represents a unique class of homeotic mutation that results in switching between two developmental programs that operate at the level of the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M. Coelho
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Laboratoire International Associé Dispersal and Adaptation in Marine Species, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, Marine Plants and Biomolecules Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Godfroy
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Laboratoire International Associé Dispersal and Adaptation in Marine Species, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, Marine Plants and Biomolecules Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Alok Arun
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Laboratoire International Associé Dispersal and Adaptation in Marine Species, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, Marine Plants and Biomolecules Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Gildas Le Corguillé
- Service Informatique et Génomique, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France; and
| | | | - J. Mark Cock
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Laboratoire International Associé Dispersal and Adaptation in Marine Species, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 6, Marine Plants and Biomolecules Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
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De-Paula JC, Bueno LB, Cavalcanti DN, Yoneshigue-Valentin Y, Teixeira VL. Diterpenes from the Brown Alga Dictyota crenulata. Molecules 2008; 13:1253-62. [PMID: 18596652 PMCID: PMC6245480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The crude extract of the Brazilian brown alga Dictyota crenulata was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and HRGC-MS techniques. Seven diterpenes were identified: pachydictyol A, dictyodial, 4beta-hydroxydictyodial A, 4beta-acetoxydictyodial A, isopachydictyol A, dictyol C and dictyotadiol. Xeniane diterpenes have previously been found in D. crenulata from the Pacific Ocean. The results characterize D. crenulata as a species that provides prenylated guaiane (group I) and xeniane diterpenes (group III), thus making it a new source of potential antiviral products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Campos De-Paula
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil; E-mail:
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Bomeny Bueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; E-mail:
| | - Diana Negrão Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CP 100. 644, Niterói, RJ, 24001-970, Brazil; E-mail:
| | - Yocie Yoneshigue-Valentin
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-mail:
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CP 100. 644, Niterói, RJ, 24001-970, Brazil; E-mail:
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Katsaros C, Karyophyllis D, Galatis B. Cytoskeleton and morphogenesis in brown algae. Ann Bot 2006; 97:679-93. [PMID: 16467352 PMCID: PMC2803427 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2005] [Revised: 11/05/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphogenesis on a cellular level includes processes in which cytoskeleton and cell wall expansion are strongly involved. In brown algal zygotes, microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs) participate in polarity axis fixation, cell division and tip growth. Brown algal vegetative cells lack a cortical MT cytoskeleton, and are characterized by centriole-bearing centrosomes, which function as microtubule organizing centres. SCOPE Extensive electron microscope and immunofluorescence studies of MT organization in different types of brown algal cells have shown that MTs constitute a major cytoskeletal component, indispensable for cell morphogenesis. Apart from participating in mitosis and cytokinesis, they are also involved in the expression and maintenance of polarity of particular cell types. Disruption of MTs after Nocodazole treatment inhibits cell growth, causing bulging and/or bending of apical cells, thickening of the tip cell wall, and affecting the nuclear positioning. Staining of F-actin using Rhodamine-Phalloidin, revealed a rich network consisting of perinuclear, endoplasmic and cortical AFs. AFs participate in mitosis by the organization of an F-actin spindle and in cytokinesis by an F-actin disc. They are also involved in the maintenance of polarity of apical cells, as well as in lateral branch initiation. The cortical system of AFs was found related to the orientation of cellulose microfibrils (MFs), and therefore to cell wall morphogenesis. This is expressed by the coincidence in the orientation between cortical AFs and the depositing MFs. Treatment with cytochalasin B inhibits mitosis and cytokinesis, as well as tip growth of apical cells, and causes abnormal deposition of MFs. CONCLUSIONS Both the cytoskeletal elements studied so far, i.e. MTs and AFs are implicated in brown algal cell morphogenesis, expressed in their relationship with cell wall morphogenesis, polarization, spindle organization and cytokinetic mechanism. The novelty is the role of AFs and their possible co-operation with MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Katsaros
- University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, Athens 157 84, Greece.
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Raven JA, Johnston AM, Kübler JE, Korb R, McInroy SG, Handley LL, Scrimgeour CM, Walker DI, Beardall J, Clayton MN, Vanderklift M, Fredriksen S, Dunton KH. Seaweeds in cold seas: evolution and carbon acquisition. Ann Bot 2002; 90:525-36. [PMID: 12324277 PMCID: PMC4240374 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcf171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Much evidence suggests that life originated in hydrothermal habitats, and for much of the time since the origin of cyanobacteria (at least 2.5 Ga ago) and of eukaryotic algae (at least 2.1 Ga ago) the average sea surface and land surface temperatures were higher than they are today. However, there have been at least four significant glacial episodes prior to the Pleistocene glaciations. Two of these (approx. 2.1 and 0.7 Ga ago) may have involved a 'Snowball Earth' with a very great impact on the algae (sensu lato) of the time (cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta) and especially those that were adapted to warm habitats. By contrast, it is possible that heterokont, dinophyte and haptophyte phototrophs only evolved after the Carboniferous-Permian ice age (approx. 250 Ma ago) and so did not encounter low (=5 degrees C) sea surface temperatures until the Antarctic cooled some 15 Ma ago. Despite this, many of the dominant macroalgae in cooler seas today are (heterokont) brown algae, and many laminarians cannot reproduce at temperatures above 18-25 degrees C. By contrast to plants in the aerial environment, photosynthetic structures in water are at essentially the same temperature as the fluid medium. The impact of low temperatures on photosynthesis by marine macrophytes is predicted to favour diffusive CO(2) entry rather than a CO(2)-concentrating mechanism. Some evidence favours this suggestion, but more data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Biological Sciences Institute, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
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