1
|
Andriantelomanana T, Améglio T, Delzon S, Cochard H, Herbette S. Unpacking the point of no return under drought in poplar: insight from stem diameter variation. New Phytol 2024; 242:466-478. [PMID: 38406847 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A specific, robust threshold for drought-induced tree mortality is needed to improve the prediction of forest dieback. Here, we tested the relevance of continuous measurements of stem diameter variations for identifying such a threshold, their relationship with hydraulic and cellular damage mechanisms, and the influence of growth conditions on these relationships. Poplar saplings were grown under well-watered, water-limited, or light-limited conditions and then submitted to a drought followed by rewatering. Stem diameter was continuously measured to investigate two parameters: the percentage loss of diameter (PLD) and the percentage of diameter recovery (DR) following rewatering. Water potentials, stomatal conductance, embolism, and electrolyte leakage were also measured, and light microscopy allowed investigating cell collapse induced by drought. The water release observed through loss of diameter occurred throughout the drought, regardless of growth conditions. Poplars did not recover from drought when PLD reached a threshold and this differed according to growth conditions but remained linked to cell resistance to damage and collapse. Our findings shed new light on the mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality and indicate that PLD could be a relevant indicator of drought-induced tree mortality, regardless of the growth conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Améglio
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Stephane Herbette
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie M, Wang P, Deng Q, Liu S, Zhang Z, Wu H, Xiang J, Zhou J, Yang X, Song R, Li S, Xie Z. Allometric Growth Pattern and Hunger Tolerance of Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker Larvae. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:164. [PMID: 38534434 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
To clarify the allometric growth pattern and hunger tolerance of Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker larvae, the morphological lengths of their functional organs were measured continuously and their primary feeding rates under a state of starvation were studied. A control group and starvation group were set up for this study, and 10 larvae were sampled from each group every day in order to study their allometric growth pattern and starvation tolerance. The results indicated that the Hemibarbus maculatus larvae opened their mouths for feeding at 4 days after hatching, and that the yolk sac disappeared completely at 11 days after hatching. The Hemibarbus maculatus larvae preferentially developed their heads, fins, and eyes, related to the functions of feeding, balancing, and swimming, in order to cope with complex environments. The growth inflection points for the head length, pectoral fin length, dorsal fin length, eye diameter, eye spacing, snout length, and body height were characterized by total lengths of 10.93 mm, 11.67 mm, 11.67 mm, 13.17 mm, 16.53 mm, 15.13 mm, and 15.13 mm, respectively. Prior to and following the inflection point, positive allometric growth was observed in all organs. After the inflection point, the dorsal fin continued to maintain positive allometric growth, while the others changed to isometric allometric growth. A growth inflection point was not observed for trunk length or the lengths of the tail and anal fins. The trunk length always maintained negative allometry, while the tail and anal fin lengths were reversed. The growth inflection point of the tail length was at a total length of 13.68 mm. Before and after the growth inflection point, negative and isometric allometric growths were observed, respectively. According to the relationship between the total length and number of days after hatching, the growth inflection point of the Hemibarbus maculatus larvae was concentrated at TL = 10.93-16.53 mm, which was observed 14-20 days after hatching. The point of no return for the Hemibarbus maculatus larvae was 12-13 days after hatching, and the ratio of days after hatching in the mixed trophic period to the endotrophic period was 1.75, indicating that the larvae had strong hunger tolerance. Therefore, when considering a water temperature of 22.66 ± 1.56 °C, 4-5 days after hatching is the best time to cultivate in the pond, and it should not be carried out later than 12 days after hatching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Si Liu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
- Hunan Aquatic Foundation Seed Farm, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Zhonggui Xie
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Complications are a recognized hazard of surgery. The term is confusing; it has multiple meanings, including surgical error and adverse surgical outcomes. I propose the latter two terms are used. Grading of 'complications' is difficult but made easier by grading errors and outcomes separately, though they are not always linked. The exact grades are not established.Error avoidance requires efforts at a personal (surgeon) level, including training, learning and preparation, and at a systems level. Understanding human factors is important.The perspective of patients about adverse outcomes is not well understood. There is evidence that, unsurprisingly, patient perspectives may be different to surgeon perspectives. There are a range of surgeon responses to error and adverse outcomes; many are negative. These need to be understood better in order to protect patients and surgeons in the immediate aftermath and in the potentially prolonged 'recovery time', both for patients and surgeons.Level of evidence: V.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hessler G, Portheine SM, Gerlach EM, Lienemann T, Koch G, Voigt CA, Hoth S. PMR4-dependent cell wall depositions are a consequence but not the cause of temperature-induced autoimmunity. J Exp Bot 2021:erab423. [PMID: 34519761 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a well-balanced immune system that is required for defense against pathogen infections. In autoimmune mutants or necrotic crosses, an intrinsic temperature-dependent imbalance leads to constitutive immune activation, resulting in severe damage or even death of plants. Recently, cell wall depositions were described as one of the symptoms following induction of the autoimmune phenotype in Arabidopsis saul1-1 mutants. However, the regulation and function of these depositions remained unclear. Here, we show that cell wall depositions, containing lignin and callose, were a common autoimmune feature and were deposited in proportion to the severity of the autoimmune phenotype at reduced ambient temperatures. When plants were exposed to reduced temperature for periods insufficient to induce an autoimmune phenotype, the cell wall depositions were not present. After low temperature intervals, sufficient to induce autoimmune responses, cell wall depositions correlated with a point of no return in saul1-1 autoimmunity. Although cell wall depositions were largely abolished in saul1-1 pmr4-1 double mutants lacking SAUL1 and the callose synthase gene GSL5/PMR4, their phenotype remained unchanged compared to that of the saul1-1 single mutant. Our data showed that cell wall depositions generally occur in autoimmunity, but appear not to be the cause of autoimmune phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Hessler
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Michael Portheine
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Gerlach
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lienemann
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Koch
- Thuenen-Institute of Wood Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian A Voigt
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stefan Hoth
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peña R, Moguel-Hernández I, Haro-Ballesteros GM. Morphological and biochemical effects of food deprivation during the early development of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru. J Fish Biol 2021; 98:1349-1362. [PMID: 33410520 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the effects of food deprivation on the early development of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru during the first days of development. The point of no return (PNR) was determined using the feeding incidence after a delay in first feeding. The gradual deterioration of the larvae during food deprivation was recorded using morphometric, histological, enzymatic and biochemical analysis. The time to reach the PNR was 120 h after hatching. Morphologically, the total length, muscle height, head length, tail length and pectoral angle showed the biggest reductions and their growth coefficients changed significantly during food deprivation. Histologically, enterocyte height also was reduced significantly. The protein concentration and activities of the digestive enzymes trypsin, cathepsin-like and lipase showed a significant decrease; meanwhile, amylase activity remained constant during food deprivation. The concentration of total essential free amino acids (EFAAs) decreased significantly while that of the nonessential free amino acids (NEFAAs) remain stable during food deprivation. The most abundant EFAAs were lysine, leucine, isoleucine and valine; the most abundant NEFAAs were alanine, glycine and glutamate, suggesting a more prominent role as energy substrates. At the time of the PNR the concentration of almost all the free amino acids showed a significant decrease. Early food deprivation has a significant impact on the morphology and biochemical characteristics of L. peru. These results suggest that initial feeding of L. peru should begin within 3 days of yolk sac depletion to avoid the PNR. Further studies are necessary to confirm and validate the characters identified in this study as biomarkers of starvation under culture conditions and evaluate their possible utility in ichthyoplankton surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Peña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Ivette Moguel-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Gretchen M Haro-Ballesteros
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, La Paz, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akhmadeeva LR, Akhmedzanova LT, Barinov AN, Burdakov VV, Guryanova EA, Kopishinskaya SV, Makhinov KA, Parkhomenko EV, Sergienko DA, Strokov IA, Cherkasova VG, Shcherbonosova TA, Yakupov EZ. [' Point of no return' in diabetic neuropathies: a dangerous delusion]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:98-107. [PMID: 31626177 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911908198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyneuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus is manifested by a lesion of peripheral sensory, motor and autonomic nervous system. Different severity of damage of sensory, motor and autonomic fibers in typical and atypical forms of diabetic polyneuropathy, requires a differentiated approach to therapy, but not the rejection of its implementation. In an interdisciplinary consensus, consultations are held with physicians from different regions of the Russian Federation, and modern methods of diagnosing and assessing the severity of diabetic polyneuropathies, which determine the algorithm for treating patients, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A N Barinov
- Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Burdakov
- Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia
| | - E A Guryanova
- Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
| | | | - K A Makhinov
- Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D A Sergienko
- Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Strokov
- Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - E Z Yakupov
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rubinsztein DC, Orr HT. Diminishing return for mechanistic therapeutics with neurodegenerative disease duration?: There may be a point in the course of a neurodegenerative condition where therapeutics targeting disease-causing mechanisms are futile. Bioessays 2016; 38:977-80. [PMID: 27479863 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The conventional approach to developing disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative conditions has been to identify drivers of pathology and inhibit such pathways. Here we discuss the possibility that the efficacy of such approaches may be increasingly attenuated as disease progresses. This is based on experiments using mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and Huntington's disease (HD), where expression of the dominantly acting mutations could be switched off, as well as studies in human HD, which suggest that the primary genetic driver of age-of-onset of disease is a much weaker determinant of disease progression in affected individuals. The idea that one may approach a point in the disease course where such rational therapeutic strategies based on targets which determine onset of disease have minimal efficacy, suggests that one needs to consider other approaches to therapies and clinical trial design, including initiation of therapies in presymptomatic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schultze-Kraft M, Birman D, Rusconi M, Allefeld C, Görgen K, Dähne S, Blankertz B, Haynes JD. The point of no return in vetoing self-initiated movements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1080-5. [PMID: 26668390 PMCID: PMC4743787 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513569112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, spontaneous movements are often preceded by early brain signals. One such signal is the readiness potential (RP) that gradually arises within the last second preceding a movement. An important question is whether people are able to cancel movements after the elicitation of such RPs, and if so until which point in time. Here, subjects played a game where they tried to press a button to earn points in a challenge with a brain-computer interface (BCI) that had been trained to detect their RPs in real time and to emit stop signals. Our data suggest that subjects can still veto a movement even after the onset of the RP. Cancellation of movements was possible if stop signals occurred earlier than 200 ms before movement onset, thus constituting a point of no return.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schultze-Kraft
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Focus: Neurotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Daniel Birman
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Rusconi
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Allefeld
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Görgen
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Dähne
- Machine Leaning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Blankertz
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Focus: Neurotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - John-Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Focus: Neurotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Clinic of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sosnik R, Chaim E, Flash T. Stopping is not an option: the evolution of unstoppable motion elements (primitives). J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:846-56. [PMID: 26041827 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00341.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stopping performance is known to depend on low-level motion features, such as movement velocity. It is not known, however, whether it is also subject to high-level motion constraints. Here, we report results of 15 subjects instructed to connect four target points depicted on a digitizing tablet and stop "as rapidly as possible" upon hearing a "stop" cue (tone). Four subjects connected target points with straight paths, whereas 11 subjects generated movements corresponding to coarticulation between adjacent movement components. For the noncoarticulating and coarticulating subjects, stopping performance was not correlated or only weakly correlated with motion velocity, respectively. The generation of a straight, point-to-point movement or a smooth, curved trajectory was not disturbed by the occurrence of a stop cue. Overall, the results indicate that stopping performance is subject to high-level motion constraints, such as the completion of a geometrical plan, and that globally planned movements, once started, must run to completion, providing evidence for the definition of a motion primitive as an unstoppable motion element.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sosnik
- Faculty of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel; and
| | - Eliyahu Chaim
- Faculty of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel; and
| | - Tamar Flash
- Department of Applied Math and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|