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Benítez-Hidalgo V, Henares-Montiel J, Ruiz-Pérez I, Pastor-Moreno G. Cyber sexual harassment against women and impact on health. A cross-sectional study in a representative population sample. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:3-11. [PMID: 37717951 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on the frequency of cyber sexual harassment (CSH) and examines its link with five health impact indicators (self-perceived health, medication, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and use of health services). METHODS Analyzing the data provided by the 2019 Macro-survey on violence against women in Spain, two items of which refer to CSH. It was conducted in Spain on a representative sample of 9568 women aged over 16 years old. RESULTS A total of 9.15% of the women surveyed had experienced CSH at some point in their lives. Being under 25 years old, having higher education, not being in a relationship, having no religious beliefs and having a certified disability are sociodemographic characteristics associated with a higher risk of CSH. Women who have experienced other forms of gender-based violence also show an increased risk. Female victims of CSH reported higher rates of suicidal ideation (20% versus 9.79% in non-victims of CSH) and suicidal attempts (7.20% versus 1.74% in non-victims of CSH). CONCLUSIONS These findings have significant implications for the design of preventive health polices, which should incorporate strategies to address CSH as part of the continuum of multiple interrelated forms of gender violence that affect women and girls throughout their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Henares-Montiel
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica y en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Pérez
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica y en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica y en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Ibs, Granada, Spain
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Toivonen L, Pekkanen L, Neva MH, Kautiainen H, Kyrölä K, Marttinen I, Häkkinen A. Disability, Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality in Lumbar Spine Fusion Patients-A 5-Year Follow-Up and Comparison With a Population Sample. Global Spine J 2022; 12:1052-1057. [PMID: 33203243 PMCID: PMC9210235 DOI: 10.1177/2192568220972977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective follow-up study. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effect of lumbar spine fusion (LSF) on disability, health-related quality of life and mortality in a 5-year follow-up, and to compare these results with the general population. METHODS 523 consecutive LSF operations were included in a prospective follow-up. Disability was assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and HRQoL by the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire using the physical and mental summary scores (PCS and MCS). The patients were compared with an age-, sex-, and residential area matched general population cohort. RESULTS The preoperative ODI in the patients was 46 (SD 16), and the change at 5 years was -26 (95% CI: -24 to -28), p < 0.001. In the population, ODI (baseline 13, SD 16) remained unchanged. The preoperative PCS in the patients was 27 (SD 7), in the population 45 (SD 11), and the increase in the patients at 5 years was 8 (95% CI: 7 to 9), p < 0.001. The patients did not reach the population in ODI or PCS. The baseline MCS in the patients was 47 (SD 13), and the change at 5 years 4 (95% CI: 3 to 7), p < 0.001. MCS of the females reached the population at 5-year follow-up. When analyzing short and long fusions separately, comparable changes were seen in both subgroups. There was no difference in mortality between the patients (3.4%) and the population (4.8%), hazard ratio (HR) 0.86. CONCLUSIONS Although the patients who had undergone LSF benefited from surgery still at 5 years, they never reached the physical level of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leevi Toivonen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Leevi Toivonen, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Liisa Pekkanen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marko H. Neva
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Unit of Family Practice, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Kyrölä
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ilkka Marttinen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Häkkinen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Betts KS, Kisely S, Alati R. Prenatal cannabis use disorders and offspring primary and secondary educational outcomes. Addiction 2022; 117:425-432. [PMID: 34184804 DOI: 10.1111/add.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cannabis use is increasing among women of reproductive age, warranting a greater understanding of the impact of prenatal cannabis use on offspring developmental outcomes. We tested for a potential relationship between prenatal cannabis use disorders (CUD) and offspring educational outcomes across primary and secondary school. DESIGN Data were drawn from the New South Wales (NSW) Perinatal Data Collection, which included all live births in the Australian state of NSW between January 2003 and December 2005. These were linked with the NSW Admitted Patient Data collection for mothers and offspring, and the NSW National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). SETTING New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 189 558 offspring who completed the NAPLAN in grades 3, 5 and 7 (resulting in 568 674 examination periods). MEASUREMENTS The exposure variable was ICD-10 cannabis use disorders (CUD = F13.0-F13.9). The study included five outcome variables measured at three time-points as not meeting the minimum national standards for: (i) numeracy, (ii) reading, (iii) spelling, (iv) writing and (v) grammar and punctuation. FINDINGS In unadjusted analyses, prenatal CUD was associated with an increased risk for not meeting the national minimum standard of all outcomes [odds ratios (OR) ranging from 3.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.94, 3.99) to 4.17 (95% CI = 3.55, 4.91)], with no evidence for an interaction across time. However, the associations attenuated greatly after exact matching by covariates, with reading and numeracy no longer associated with prenatal CUD, while the increased risk of the other outcomes ranged from OR = 1.31 (95% CI = 1.09, 1.57) to OR = 1.40 (95% CI = 1.17, 1.68). CONCLUSION Socio-economic status appears to confound the association between prenatal cannabis use disorder and poor educational performance in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Betts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Edwards J, Chiu M, Rodrigues R, Thind A, Stranges S, Anderson KK. Examining Variations in the Prevalence of Diagnosed Mood or Anxiety Disorders Among Migrant Groups in Ontario, 1995-2015: A Population-Based, Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. Can J Psychiatry 2022; 67:130-139. [PMID: 34714183 PMCID: PMC8978215 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211047226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International evidence on the frequency of mood or anxiety disorders among migrant groups is highly variable, as it is dependent on the time since migration and the socio-political context of the host country. Our objective was to estimate trends in the prevalence of diagnosed mood or anxiety disorders among recent (<5 years in Canada) and settled (5-10 years in Canada) migrant groups, relative to the general population of Ontario, Canada. METHODS We used a repeated cross-sectional design consisting of four cross-sections spanning 5 years each, constructed using health administrative databases from 1995 to 2015. We included all Ontario residents between the ages of 16 and 64 years. We assessed differences in the prevalence of mood or anxiety disorders adjusting for age, sex, and neighbourhood-level income. We further evaluated the impact of migrant class and region of birth. RESULTS The prevalence of mood or anxiety disorders was lower among recent (weighted mean = 4.10%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.59% to 4.60%) and settled (weighted mean = 4.77%; 95% CI, 3.94% to 5.61%) migrant groups, relative to the general population (weighted mean = 7.39%; 95% CI, 6.83% to 7.94%). Prevalence estimates varied greatly by region of birth and migrant class. We found variation in prevalence estimates over time, with refugee groups having the largest increases between 1995 and 2015. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the complexity of mood and anxiety disorders among migrant groups, and that not all groups share the same risk profile. These results can be used to help inform health service allocation and the development of supportive programs for specific migrant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Chiu
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, 274071University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Rodrigues
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada
| | - Amardeep Thind
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada.,Interfaculty Program in Public Health, The University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, 70384The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, 70384The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Health, 58942Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Husu P, Tokola K, Vasankari T. Intensity Paradox-Low-Fit People Are Physically Most Active in Terms of Their Fitness. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21062063. [PMID: 33804220 PMCID: PMC8002087 DOI: 10.3390/s21062063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Depending on their cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), people may perceive the exertion of incident physical activity (PA) differently. Therefore, the use of relative intensity thresholds based on individual fitness have been proposed to evaluate the accumulation of PA at different intensity levels. A subsample of the FinFit2017-study, 1952 adults (803 men and 1149 women) aged 20–69 years, participated in this study. Their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was predicted with a 6 min walk test, and they were instructed to wear a triaxial hip-worn accelerometer for one week. The participants were divided into CRF tertiles by five age groups and sex. Raw acceleration data were analyzed with the mean amplitude deviation method in 6 s epochs. Additionally, the data were smoothed with 1 min and 6 min exponential moving averages. The absolute intensity threshold for moderate activity was 3.0 metabolic equivalent (MET) and for vigorous 6.0 MET. Correspondingly, the relative thresholds were 40% and 60% of the oxygen uptake reserve. Participants in the lowest CRF tertile were the most active with relative thresholds, and participants in the highest CRF tertile were the most active with absolute thresholds. High-fit people easily reached the absolute thresholds, while people in the lowest CRF tertile had to utilize most of their aerobic capacity on a daily basis simply to keep up with their daily chores or peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (K.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Harri Sievänen
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (K.T.); (T.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pauliina Husu
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (K.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Kari Tokola
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (K.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (K.T.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Ruuskanen MO, Åberg F, Männistö V, Havulinna AS, Méric G, Liu Y, Loomba R, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Tripathi A, Valsta LM, Inouye M, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Jain M, Knight R, Lahti L, Niiranen TJ. Links between gut microbiome composition and fatty liver disease in a large population sample. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-22. [PMID: 33651661 PMCID: PMC7928040 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1888673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease in the world. Its connection with the gut microbiome has been known for at least 80 y, but this association remains mostly unstudied in the general population because of underdiagnosis and small sample sizes. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the link between the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), a well-established proxy for fatty liver disease, and gut microbiome composition in a representative, ethnically homogeneous population sample of 6,269 Finnish participants. We based our models on biometric covariates and gut microbiome compositions from shallow metagenome sequencing. Our classification models could discriminate between individuals with a high FLI (≥60, indicates likely liver steatosis) and low FLI (<60) in internal cross-region validation, consisting of 30% of the data not used in model training, with an average AUC of 0.75 and AUPRC of 0.56 (baseline at 0.30). In addition to age and sex, our models included differences in 11 microbial groups from class Clostridia, mostly belonging to orders Lachnospirales and Oscillospirales. Our models were also predictive of the high FLI group in a different Finnish cohort, consisting of 258 participants, with an average AUC of 0.77 and AUPRC of 0.51 (baseline at 0.21). Pathway analysis of representative genomes of the positively FLI-associated taxa in (NCBI) Clostridium subclusters IV and XIVa indicated the presence of, e.g., ethanol fermentation pathways. These results support several findings from smaller case-control studies, such as the role of endogenous ethanol producers in the development of the fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti O. Ruuskanen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM - HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, NAFLD Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anupriya Tripathi
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liisa M. Valsta
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Leo Lahti
- Deparment of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu J. Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Langley E, Totsika V, Hastings RP. Psychological well-being of fathers with and without a child with intellectual disability: a population-based study. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64:399-413. [PMID: 31749233 PMCID: PMC7317393 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the well-being of fathers of children with intellectual disability (ID), despite the significant role that they play in their children's lives. The current study compared fathers of children with and without a child with ID on measures of psychological well-being (life satisfaction, work-family balance and general health) and dimensions of parenting (parenting self-efficacy and parent-child closeness) and then examined whether the presence of a child with ID in the family was a significant predictor of paternal well-being when controlling for a number of father (age, education, employment and residency), child (ID status, gender, behavioural and emotional problems) and family (income poverty and number of children in the household) variables. METHODS Data were drawn from the third wave of the Millennium Cohort Study, a UK population-representative and cohort study, where the cohort child was 5 years of age; 256 fathers were identified as having a child with ID, with data available for 10 187 fathers without a child with ID. Fathers were compared on the four well-being and parenting outcomes and then multiple regression models were conducted to explore associations between these outcomes and variables identified as potential correlates of well-being. RESULTS Initial group comparisons showed that there were differences in the well-being of fathers, with fathers of children with ID reporting poorer life satisfaction and general health. However, these differences were small. Regression analyses showed that child behavioural and emotional problems, living in income poverty and paternal employment were more important than disability status in predicting fathers' well-being. CONCLUSIONS These works add to the limited amount of research on fathers using population-representative data. The current findings are consistent with rejecting a general simplistic and negative narrative that raising a child with ID puts fathers at risk of poorer outcomes. However, some fathers, such as those with children with behavioural problems and living in poverty, may require greater support. Future longitudinal research that explores the impact of paternal well-being on the long-term outcomes of children with and without ID is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Langley
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - V. Totsika
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - R. P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE While previous studies have shown a link between cigarette smoking and disordered eating (DE), it is less clear whether this association can be explained by attempts to control weight and/or temperament. This study had two aims: to examine weight/shape and DE symptomatology associated with weight control-related smoking and disordered eating; second, to investigate whether temperament-based factors explain the association between compensatory smoking and weight and shape-related characteristics, and disordered eating symptoms. METHOD Female twins (N = 1,002) from the Australian Twin Registry, aged 28-39 years, were assessed by interview yielding lifetime diagnostic information of disordered eating and use of cigarette smoking for weight control. Self-report measures of temperament were available. RESULTS Women who had never smoked (50.6%, n = 495) or had smoked for reasons other than weight and shape control (42.5%, n = 415) were generally not differentiated with respect to indicators of disordered eating. Women who smoked for reasons primarily associated with weight and shape control (6.9%, n = 67) had significantly higher levels of disordered eating than non-smokers identified as being higher levels of purging (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 2.41-8.59) and fasting (OR = 9.32, 94% CI = 4.43-19.90) but not objective binge episodes (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.71-3.99). Of those women diagnosed with lifetime eating disorders, weight-control smokers had higher levels of purging (OR = 4.22, 95% CI = 1.13-15.80) than those who did not. There were no differences in temperament. DISCUSSION Results support co-occurrence of smoking for weight control and purging in both community and clinical groups, and indicate this association is related to weight control and not temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracey D Wade
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
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Feng S, Pistis G, Zhang H, Zawistowski M, Mulas A, Zoledziewska M, Holmen OL, Busonero F, Sanna S, Hveem K, Willer C, Cucca F, Liu DJ, Abecasis GR. Methods for association analysis and meta-analysis of rare variants in families. Genet Epidemiol 2015; 39:227-38. [PMID: 25740221 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in exome sequencing and the development of exome genotyping arrays are enabling explorations of association between rare coding variants and complex traits. To ensure power for these rare variant analyses, a variety of association tests that group variants by gene or functional unit have been proposed. Here, we extend these tests to family-based studies. We develop family-based burden tests, variable frequency threshold tests and sequence kernel association tests. Through simulations, we compare the performance of different tests. We describe situations where family-based studies provide greater power than studies of unrelated individuals to detect rare variants associated with moderate to large changes in trait values. Broadly speaking, we find that when sample sizes are limited and only a modest fraction of all trait-associated variants can be identified, family samples are more powerful. Finally, we illustrate our approach by analyzing the relationship between coding variants and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in 11,556 individuals from the HUNT and SardiNIA studies, demonstrating association for coding variants in the APOC3, CETP, LIPC, LIPG, and LPL genes and illustrating the value of family samples, meta-analysis, and gene-level tests. Our methods are implemented in freely available C++ code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Lindskog M, Kerimi N, Winman A, Juslin P. A Swedish validation of the Berlin Numeracy Test. Scand J Psychol 2015; 56:132-9. [PMID: 25581209 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the importance of considering an individual's level of numeracy, that is their numerical abilities, in a vast variety of judgment and decision making tasks. To accurately evaluate the influence of numeracy requires good and valid measures of the construct. In the present study we validate a Swedish version of the Berlin Numeracy Test (Cokely, Galesic, Schulz, Ghazal & Garcia-Retamero, 2012). The validation was carried out on both a student sample and a sample representative of the Swedish population. The Swedish BNT showed sound psychometrical properties in both samples. Further, in both samples the BNT had satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity when correlating with other measures of numeracy, while not being significantly related to measures of personality. With respect to predictive validity the results indicated divergent patterns in the two samples. In the student sample, participants scoring highest on the BNT outperformed those in the other three levels, which did not differ in performance. In contrast, in the population sample participants scoring lowest on the BNT performed worse than those in the other three levels, which did not differ in performance. Taken together, however, the results suggest that the Swedish version of the BNT should be considered a valid measure of numeracy in both Swedish student and population representative samples.
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LeBouthillier DM, Thibodeau MA, Asmundson GJG. Severity of fall-based injuries, fear of falling, and activity restriction: sex differences in a population-based sample of older Canadian adults. J Aging Health 2013; 25:1378-87. [PMID: 24150063 DOI: 10.1177/0898264313507317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about how different fall-based injuries relate to fear of falling and activity restriction, and if these relationships differ between sexes. We explored fear of falling and activity restriction in individuals who have experienced fall-based injuries. METHODS A total of 16,369 older adults from the Canadian Community Health Survey reported their worst fall-based injury, whether they experience fear of falling, and whether they restrict activities from fear of falling. RESULTS Females had greater odds of fear of falling than males. Only females who experienced a fracture or head injury had increased odds of fear of falling and only females who experienced a head injury had increased odds of restricting activities compared with females who fell without injury. DISCUSSION Only severe fall-based injuries are associated with fear of falling and activity restriction, and this relationship is unique to females. Sex differences warrant further investigation and suggest a need for targeted interventions.
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Huppert FA, So TTC. Flourishing Across Europe: Application of a New Conceptual Framework for Defining Well-Being. Soc Indic Res 2013; 110:837-861. [PMID: 23329863 PMCID: PMC3545194 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Governments around the world are recognising the importance of measuring subjective well-being as an indicator of progress. But how should well-being be measured? A conceptual framework is offered which equates high well-being with positive mental health. Well-being is seen as lying at the opposite end of a spectrum to the common mental disorders (depression, anxiety). By examining internationally agreed criteria for depression and anxiety (DSM and ICD classifications), and defining the opposite of each symptom, we identify ten features of positive well-being. These combine feeling and functioning, i.e. hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being: competence, emotional stability, engagement, meaning, optimism, positive emotion, positive relationships, resilience, self esteem, and vitality. An operational definition of flourishing is developed, based on psychometric analysis of indicators of these ten features, using data from a representative sample of 43,000 Europeans. Application of this definition to respondents from the 23 countries which participated in the European Social Survey (Round 3) reveals a four-fold difference in flourishing rate, from 41% in Denmark to less than 10% in Slovakia, Russia and Portugal. There are also striking differences in country profiles across the 10 features. These profiles offer fresh insight into cultural differences in well-being, and indicate which features may provide the most promising targets for policies to improve well-being. Comparison with a life satisfaction measure shows that valuable information would be lost if well-being was measured by life satisfaction. Taken together, our findings reinforce the need to measure subjective well-being as a multi-dimensional construct in future surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia A. Huppert
- Well-Being Institute & Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ UK
| | - Timothy T. C. So
- Well-Being Institute & Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ UK
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Gunnlaugsdottir E, Halldorsdottir S, Klein R, Eiriksdottir G, Klein BE, Benediktsson R, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Aspelund T, Gudnason V, Cotch MF, Jonasson F. Retinopathy in old persons with and without diabetes mellitus: the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility--Reykjavik Study (AGES-R). Diabetologia 2012; 55:671-80. [PMID: 22134840 PMCID: PMC3269506 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We aimed to describe the prevalence of retinopathy in an aged cohort of Icelanders with and without diabetes mellitus. METHODS The study population consisted of 4,994 persons aged ≥ 67 years, who participated in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-R). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined as HbA(1c) ≥ 6.5% (>48 mmol/mol). Retinopathy was assessed by grading fundus photographs using the modified Airlie House adaptation of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol. Associations between retinopathy and risk factors were estimated using odds ratios obtained from multivariate analyses. RESULTS The overall prevalence of retinopathy in AGES-R was 12.4%. Diabetes mellitus was present in 516 persons (10.3%), for 512 of whom gradable fundus photos were available, including 138 persons (27.0%, 95% CI 23.2, 31.0) with any retinopathy. Five persons (1.0%, 95% CI 0.3, 2.3) had proliferative retinopathy. Clinically significant macular oedema was present in five persons (1.0%, 95% CI 0.3, 2.3). Independent risk factors for retinopathy in diabetic patients in a multivariate model included HbA(1c), insulin use and use of oral hypoglycaemic agents, the last two being indicators of longer disease duration. In 4478 participants without diabetes mellitus, gradable fundus photos were available for 4,453 participants, with retinopathy present in 476 (10.7%, 95% CI 9.8, 11.6) and clinically significant macular oedema in three persons. Independent risk factors included increasing age and microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Over three-quarters (78%) of retinopathy cases were found in persons without diabetes and a strong association between microalbuminuria and non-diabetic retinopathy was found. These results may have implications for patient management of the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gunnlaugsdottir
- University Eye Department, Landspitalinn, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - R. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - B. E. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R. Benediktsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T. B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Ageing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L. J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Ageing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Aspelund
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - V. Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - M. F. Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Building 10, 10 CRC, Room 3-253, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1204, Bethesda, MD 20892-1204, USA
| | - F. Jonasson
- University Eye Department, Landspitalinn, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Rajeevan H, Cheung KH, Gadagkar R, Stein S, Soundararajan U, Kidd JR, Pakstis AJ, Miller PL, Kidd KK. ALFRED: an allele frequency database for microevolutionary studies. Evol Bioinform Online 2007; 1:1-10. [PMID: 19325849 PMCID: PMC2658869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many kinds of microevolutionary studies require data on multiple polymorphisms in multiple populations. Increasingly, and especially for human populations, multiple research groups collect relevant data and those data are dispersed widely in the literature. ALFRED has been designed to hold data from many sources and make them available over the web. Data are assembled from multiple sources, curated, and entered into the database. Multiple links to other resources are also established by the curators. A variety of search options are available and additional geographic based interfaces are being developed. The database can serve the human anthropologic genetic community by identifying what loci are already typed on many populations thereby helping to focus efforts on a common set of markers. The database can also serve as a model for databases handling similar DNA polymorphism data for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseena Rajeevan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Kei-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA, Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Rohit Gadagkar
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Shannon Stein
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Usha Soundararajan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Judith R Kidd
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Andrew J Pakstis
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Perry L Miller
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Kenneth K Kidd
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA,Correspondence: Kenneth K. Kidd, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA, Telephone: 203-785-2654, Fax: 203-785-6568,
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