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Zhou C, Chen J, Zheng B, Zhu P, Chu Q, Li F, Fu Y, Li X, Luo J. Integration of CoAl-Layered Double Hydroxides on Commensal Bacteria to Enable Targeted Tumor Inhibition and Immunotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44731-44741. [PMID: 37708438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy brings hope for a complete cancer cure. Due to their selective colonization and immune activation capacity, some bacteria have the potential to realize targeted immunotherapy. Herein, a biohybrid system was designed and synthesized by cladding NO3--intercalated cobalt aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDH) on anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes (PA) (PA@LDH). In this system, the covering of LDH reduces the pathogenicity of PA to normal tissues and alters its surface charge for prolonged in vivo circulation. Once the tumor site is reached, the acid-responsive degradation of LDH enables PA exposure. PA can colonize and convert nitrate ions to nitric oxide (NO) through denitrification. Then, NO reacts with intracellular O2·- to produce toxic reactive nitrogen species ONOO- and induce tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, cobalt ions released from LDH can inhibit the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), thus increasing the level of O2·- and further enhancing the antitumor effect. Moreover, PA exposure activates M2-to-M1 macrophage polarization and a range of immune responses, thereby achieving a sustained antitumor activity. In vitro and in vivo results reveal that the biohybrid system eliminates solid tumors and inhibits tumor metastasis effectively. Overall, the biohybrid strategy provides a new avenue for realizing simultaneous immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bingzhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yike Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310022, China
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2
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Tahir M, Vansant M, Elkadi O. Peculiar Case of Brain Abscess Caused by Propionibacterium acnes in an Immunocompetent Individual Without Prior Neurosurgical Intervention: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43647. [PMID: 37724199 PMCID: PMC10505261 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a slow-growing, anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus that commonly colonizes the skin and is a rare cause of CNS infections. It was previously viewed as a culture contaminant but is now recognized to infrequently cause indolent cases of CNS infections. It is even more rarely associated with abscesses in patients without a prior history of neurosurgical intervention. Due to being a slow-growing bacteria, P. acnes is frequently discovered to be the causative organism after 16S rRNA sequencing. In this case, the culture was positive. There are only five other reported cases of patients with a P. acnes abscess without prior neurosurgical intervention. Here we present the sixth case of an immunocompetent young male who was found to have a P. acnes brain abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of South Alabama Health Hospital, Mobile, USA
| | - Mary Vansant
- Internal Medicine, Navy Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Osama Elkadi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of South Alabama Health Hospital, Mobile, USA
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3
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Skedros JG, Finlinson ED, Luczak MG, Cronin JT. Septic Olecranon Bursitis With Osteomyelitis Attributed to Cutibacterium acnes: Case Report and Literature Overview of the Dilemma of Potential Contaminants and False-Positives. Cureus 2023; 15:e34563. [PMID: 36879721 PMCID: PMC9985484 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an unusual case of acute septic olecranon bursitis, with probable olecranon osteomyelitis, where the only organism isolated in culture was initially considered a contaminant, Cutibacterium acnes. However, we ultimately considered it the likely causal organism when treatment for most of the other more likely organisms failed. This typically indolent organism is prevalent in pilosebaceous glands, which are scarce in the posterior elbow region. This case illustrates the often challenging empirical management of a musculoskeletal infection when the only organism isolated might be a contaminant, but successful eradication requires continued treatment as if it is the causal organism. The patient is a Caucasian 53-year-old male who presented to our clinic with a second episode of septic bursitis at the same location. Four years prior, he had septic olecranon bursitis from methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus that was treated uneventfully with one surgical debridement and a one-week course of antibiotics. In the current episode reported here, he sustained a minor abrasion. Cultures were obtained five separate times because of no growth and difficulty eradicating the infection. One culture grew C. acnes on day 21 of incubation; this long duration has been reported. The first several weeks of antibiotic treatment failed to eradicate the infection, which we ultimately attributed to inadequate treatment of C. acnes osteomyelitis. Although C. acnes has a well-known propensity for false-positive cultures as typically reported in post-operative shoulder infections, treatment for our patient's olecranon bursitis/osteomyelitis was successful only after several surgical debridements and a prolonged course of intravenous and oral antibiotics that targeted it as the presumptive causal organism. However, it was possible that C. acnes was a contaminant/superinfection, and another organism was the culprit, such as a Streptococcus or Mycobacterium species that was eradicated by the treatment regime targeted for C. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Skedros
- Shoulder and Elbow, Utah Orthopaedic Specialists, Salt Lake City, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Ethan D Finlinson
- Shoulder and Elbow, Utah Orthopaedic Specialists, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Meredith G Luczak
- Shoulder and Elbow, Utah Orthopaedic Specialists, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - John T Cronin
- Shoulder and Elbow, Utah Orthopaedic Specialists, Salt Lake City, USA
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Smith JL, Cruz‐Gordillo P, Luiselli G, Daci R, Owusu‐Adjei B, Ogagan C, Moses ZB. Spontaneous Propionibacterium Acnes abscess with intraventricular rupture in an immunocompetent adult without prior neurosurgical intervention. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05216. [PMID: 35106159 PMCID: PMC8787723 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously viewed as a culture contaminant, Propionibacterium Acnes can cause infection following neurosurgical intervention. Its role in brain abscess in the immunocompetent, surgically naïve population has been infrequently reported. Herein, we describe an immunocompetent 55-year-old man with no risk factors found to have a thalamic abscess with intraventricular rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Smith
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Peter Cruz‐Gordillo
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gabrielle Luiselli
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- School of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rrita Daci
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Neurological Surgery ResidencyWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brittany Owusu‐Adjei
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Neurological Surgery ResidencyWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Charles Ogagan
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- School of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ziev B. Moses
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- UMass Memorial Health CareWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
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Al-Mulla AH, Al-Rushoud MW. Unusual Late Presentation of Capsular Bag Distension Syndrome Associated With Propionibacterium acnes Endophthalmitis. Cureus 2021; 13:e19684. [PMID: 34934563 PMCID: PMC8683699 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes an unusually delayed presentation of capsular bag distension syndrome (CBDS), which was found to be associated with Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) endophthalmitis. Our patient presented with a gradual decrease in vision after uneventful cataract surgery done 13 years back. On examination, there was a thick turbid fluid entrapped behind the intraocular lens (IOL). Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) confirmed the presumed diagnosis. The case was managed by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with posterior capsulotomy, and the entrapped turbid fluid was aspirated and sent for histopathology, which revealed a positive growth of P. acnes. The patient had excellent outcomes with complete resolution post-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muath W Al-Rushoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, SAU
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects many systemic organs, including the eye. The eye is the second most frequently affected organ in patients with sarcoidosis after lung disease. Approximately 30-50% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis develop uveitis, which is a sight-threatening intraocular inflammatory disorder. Sarcoidosis is the leading cause of uveitis in Japan and is one of the major clinical entities in many countries. Therefore, uveitis in association with sarcoidosis (ocular sarcoidosis) is considered essential in clinical practice in ophthalmology. The current review focuses on distinguishing features of ocular sarcoidosis, diagnosis, management, and discussion of the etiology of ocular sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takase
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Sakhamuru S, Kambampati S, Wasim S, Kukkar V, Malik BH. The Role of Propionibacterium acnes in the Pathogenesis of Sarcoidosis and Ulcerative Colitis: How This Connection May Inspire Novel Management of These Conditions. Cureus 2020; 12:e10812. [PMID: 33173621 PMCID: PMC7645295 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A lesser-acknowledged role of Propionibacterium acnes is its effect on the development of sarcoidosis. This literature review not only further explores this association but also that of Propionibacterium acnes and other inflammatory conditions, such as ulcerative colitis and pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, ulcerative colitis syndrome (PAC syndrome). This article reviews the effect that isotretinoin, a commonly used treatment of acne, has on the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, and the immune dysregulation and genetic susceptibility of individuals prone to developing acne, sarcoidosis, and ulcerative colitis. Literature for this article review was obtained from PubMed by utilizing both regular keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) subheadings for data gathering. Regular keywords were: Propionibacterium acnes, sarcoidosis, ulcerative colitis, and isotretinoin. MeSH subheadings used were: Propionibacterium acnes/immunology, Propionibacterium acnes/pathogenicity, Propionibacterium acnes/genetics, sarcoidosis/immunology, and sarcoidosis/genetics. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 5172 publications were obtained. A total of 5086 publications were removed due to a lack of relevancy to outcomes of interest. The remaining 86 publications from all the regular and MeSH keywords were selected due to relevancy to outcomes of interest. Following this, a refined manual search was done, with the removal of duplicates, and 33 publications from PubMed were selected for review. Following a review of these records, Propionibacterium acnes was repeatedly concluded to be a causative agent of sarcoidosis. Variable results for the association between Propionibacterium acnes and ulcerative colitis were found. Most studies showed no significant association between the use of isotretinoin and the development of ulcerative colitis. A strong overlapping role of genetic susceptibility and immune dysregulation in the pathogeneses of sarcoidosis, ulcerative colitis, and Propionibacterium acnes was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Sakhamuru
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Srikala Kambampati
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shehnaz Wasim
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Vishal Kukkar
- Radiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Bilal Haider Malik
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Suzuki K, Saito T, Sakai K, Miyagawa T, Honda Y, Hoshina T, Ogawa M, Asai H, Yamanouchi T, Yamamoto J. Recurrent Shoulder Tip Pain After Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement Associated with Infectious Peritonitis with Propionibacterium acnes; A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J UOEH 2020; 42:209-16. [PMID: 32507844 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.42.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is commonly performed for the treatment of hydrocephalus, and several complications of this procedure are well known. Radiating shoulder tip pain after VP shunt placement has been reported as an unusual complication in a few cases, associated with dislocation of the peritoneal catheter. We described the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with recurrent radiating shoulder tip pain after VP shunt placement. The pain recurred after peritoneal catheter repositioning because of peritoneal inflammation and adhesion due to peritonitis with Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). This bacterium was isolated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction (16S rRNA gene PCR), and anaerobic and prolonged culture tests. After antibacterial treatment, ventriculoarterial (VA) shunt placement was successfully performed. Hemidiaphragm irritation by the peritoneal catheter leads to radiating shoulder tip pain, and peritoneal inflammation and adhesion caused by infectious peritonitis may cause recurrence of this despite catheter repositioning. Clinicians should be aware of shoulder pain as a complication of VP shunt placement, and should consider VA shunt placement as an alternative treatment if this symptom recurs after catheter repositioning. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene PCR and anaerobic and prolonged culture tests should be considered to detect P. acnes infection.
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Chang YC, Lee YC. Traumatic laser in situ keratomileusis flap dislocation with epithelial ingrowth, Propionibacterium acnes infection, and diffuse lamellar keratitis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19257. [PMID: 32150061 PMCID: PMC7478497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Traumatic flap dislocation might occur anytime after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), but it is rarely concomitantly complicated with epithelial ingrowth, infectious keratitis, and diffuse lamellar keratitis altogether. Here we report a case of traumatic LASIK flap inversion with epithelial ingrowth, Propionibacterium acnes infection, and diffuse lamellar keratitis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 42-year-old man receiving bilateral LASIK surgery 10 years ago complained of right eye pain for 6 days after twig injury. Temporal flap inversion with epithelial ingrowth and dense infiltration at the interface were noted. DIAGNOSES Traumatic LASIK flap inversion with epithelial ingrowth, Propionibacterium acnes infection and diffuse lamellar keratitis. INTERVENTIONS Removal of corneal epithelium around the flap inversion site, flap lifting, scraping of epithelial ingrowth, removal of the dense infiltrate, alcohol soaking, interface irrigation with antibiotics, and flap reposition were performed. Diffuse lamellar keratitis was noted postoperatively. Culture of the infiltrate revealed P acnes. The infiltrate subsided and the cornea cleared up under topical antibiotics and steroid. OUTCOMES The visual acuity returned to 20/20. No recurrent epithelial ingrowth or infiltrate was noted during the follow-up. LESSONS This is the first report of Propionibacterium acnes keratitis after traumatic flap inversion. Although epithelial ingrowth, infectious keratitis, and diffuse lamellar keratitis all developed after the flap inversion, early recognition and proper intervention lead to a good result without sequels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan-Chieh Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Rao Y, Li SL, Li MJ, Cui S, Gou KM. A single amino acid substitution in the FAD-binding domain causes the inactivation of Propionibacterium Acnes isomerase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:789-796. [PMID: 31889476 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1709960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the efficient production of trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) in Lactococcus lactis by ectopically expressing a Propionibacterium acnes isomerase (pai) gene and also mentioned that a recombinant strain was unable to accumulate t10c12-CLA product, despite the normal transcription. Here, the molecular analysis indicated that this mutated strain harbors a pai gene with a single-nucleotide mutation converting GC50A to GTA, leading to a corresponding change of Alanine residue into Valine. The expression of the reverse mutation resulted in the recovery for enzyme activity. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the codon usage of Val17 was not responsible for the enzyme inactivation in the Ala17Val mutation. Western blot analysis revealed that the recombinant PAI protein was not detectable in the His tag-marked Ala17Val mutant. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that Ala17 residue is critical for PAI functionality.Abbreviations: pai: propionibacterium acnes isomerase; CLA: conjugated linoleic acid; t10c12-CLA: trans 10, cis 12-CLA; LA: linoleic acid (18:2n-6); FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Mian Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhu T, Zhu W, Wang Q, He L, Wu W, Liu J, Li Y, Sun D. Antibiotic susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne in a public hospital in Southwest China: prospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022938. [PMID: 30782869 PMCID: PMC6368155 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibiotics have been routinely used for several decades against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), but antibiotic resistance of P. acnes is becoming a global problem. Only one related Chinese study is available. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of P. acnes obtained from patients with acne in Southwest China. DESIGN This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Cutaneous samples were obtained from acne lesions on the face of 375 patients. Samples were cultured in anaerobic medium to identify the presence of P. acnes. Susceptibility tests of isolated P. acnes were performed for tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin using the Epsilometer test. RESULTS P. acnes was isolated from 227 patients; 224 isolates (98.7%) were susceptible to doxycycline and 220 (96.9%) were susceptible to tetracycline, followed by clindamycin and clarithromycin in 101 (44.5%) and 102 (44.93%) isolates, respectively. Susceptibility of P. acnes was detected for erythromycin in 96 (42.3%) patients, followed by azithromycin in 94 (41.4%). Subjects who received antibiotics (topical and oral) had higher frequencies of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes as well as increased antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations compared with patients without antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS P. acnes was highly sensitive to cyclines (doxycycline and tetracycline). P. acnes showed higher resistance rates to macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramins antibiotics (such as erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and clindamycin). The irrational use of antibiotics for acne treatment is probably a problem in China and elsewhere. These results suggest that dermatologists should be more prudent in prescribing antibiotics for acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qisa Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinju Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongjie Sun
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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12
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Ottenhausen M, Kalasauskas D, Kramer A, Neuhoff J, Serrano L, Schwandt E, Ringel F. Bone Flap Necrosis due to Low Grade Infection with Propionibacterium Acnes. World Neurosurg 2018; 124:S1878-8750(18)32878-X. [PMID: 30590219 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of bone flaps after cranioplasty with autologeous cryo-conserved bone flaps is a common phenomenon. The exact reason for it remains unknown. We present a case of a 67-year old patient who had a bone flap necrosis after elective craniotomy and underwent secondary cranioplasty. A low-grade infection with Propionibacterium acnes was detected in microbiological samples from the bone flap as cause of the lysis. We discuss similarities with aseptic implant loosening and present recent evidence that low-grade infections might be the underlying reason in several cases. We conclude that low-grade infections play an underestimated role in bone flap necrosis after cranioplasty as well and encourage routine microbiological sampling (extended culture and PCR) to rule out infection in all similar cases and suggest a routine antibiotic therapy until final microbiological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Ottenhausen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
| | - Darius Kalasauskas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kramer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Neuhoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucas Serrano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Eike Schwandt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
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13
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Khan S, Jain P, Jain S, Jain R, Bhargava S, Jain A. Topical Delivery of Erythromycin Through Cubosomes for Acne. Pharm Nanotechnol 2018; 6:38-47. [PMID: 29424323 DOI: 10.2174/2211738506666180209100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical delivery is an attractive route for local and systemic treatment. The novel topical application has many advantages like averting the GI-irritation, preventing the metabolism of drugs in the liver and increasing the bioavailability of the drug over the conventional dosage forms. OBJECTIVE The aim of present work was to prepare and characterized erythromycin encapsulated cubosomes using different concentrations of glyceryl monooleate and poloxamer 407 by the emulsification method. METHODS The prepared dispersion of cubosomes was characterized for surface morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. Further, optimized formulation was converted to cubosomal gel by incorporating carbopol 934 at different concentrations. The prepared gel was characterized for homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadibility, drug content and in vitro drug release study. RESULTS The result of optimized cubosomes showed average particle size of 264.5±2.84nm and entrapment efficiency about 95.29±1.32 % and the pH of optimized cubosomal was found to be 6.5, viscosity 2475-8901(cp), drug content 95.29% and the spreadability was found to be 11.74 gm.cm/sec. The in vitro drug release kinetics of optimized formulation was found to follow Korsmeyer peppas model having highest R2 value 0.835 and in vitro drug release of optimized erythromycin loaded cubosomal gel and plain drug gel in 24 hr was found to be 89.91±0.73 and 88.64±2.16, while in 36 hr plain drug gel and cubosomal gel showed drug release about 87.64±0.97 and 91.55±1.09, and sustained release was obtained after 24 hr in case of cubosomal gel. CONCLUSION Thus, as a whole it can be concluded that erythromycin loaded cubosomes are effective in topically delivering drug in sustained and non-invasive manner for treatment and prevention of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khan
- Bhagyoday Tirth Pharmacy College, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Poorva Jain
- Bhagyoday Tirth Pharmacy College, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Sourabh Jain
- Bhagyoday Tirth Pharmacy College, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Richa Jain
- Centre for Scientific Research and Development, People's University, Bhopal (M.P.), India
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Astur N, Martins DE, Wajchenberg M, Ferretti M, Menezes FG, Doi AM, Rosemberg LA, Santos DCB, Iutaka AS, Rodrigues LMR, Martino MDV, Pagura JR, Kihara Filho EN, Lenza M. Subclinical Propionibacterium acnes infection estimation in the intervertebral disc (SPInE-ID): protocol for a prospective cohort. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017930. [PMID: 29151051 PMCID: PMC5701985 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low back pain and vertebral endplate abnormalities are common conditions within the population. Subclinical infection caused by indolent pathogens can potentially lead to these findings, with differentiation between them notably challenging from a clinical perspective. Progressive infection of the intervertebral disc has been extensively associated with increasing low back pain, with Propionibacterium acnes specifically implicated with in relation to sciatica. The main purpose of this study is to identify if the presence of an infective pathogen within the intervertebral disc is primary or is a result of intraoperative contamination, and whether this correlates to low back pain. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An open prospective cohort study will be performed. Subjects included within the study will be between the ages of 18 and 65 years and have a diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation requiring open decompression surgery. Excised herniated disc fragments, muscle and ligamentum flavum samples will be collected during surgery and sent to microbiology for tissue culture and pathogen identification. Score questionnaires for pain, functionality and quality of life will be given preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. A MRI will be performed 12 months after surgery for analysis of Modic changes and baseline comparison. The primary endpoint is the rate of disc infection in patients with symptomatic degenerative disc disease. The secondary endpoints will be performance scores, Modic incidence and volume. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board and was only initiated after it (CAAE 65102617.2.0000.0071). Patients agreeing to participate will sign an informed consent form before entering the study. Results will be published in a peer reviewed medical journal irrespective of study findings. If shown to be the case, this would have profound effects on the way physicians treat chronic low back pain, even impacting health costs. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT0315876; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Astur
- Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Delio E Martins
- Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Wajchenberg
- Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Ferretti
- Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando G Menezes
- Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre M Doi
- Serviço de Microbiologia do Laboratório Clínico, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laercio A Rosemberg
- Departamento de Diagnostico por Imagem, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Durval C B Santos
- Departamento de Diagnostico por Imagem, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Iutaka
- Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marines D V Martino
- Serviço de Microbiologia do Laboratório Clínico, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge R Pagura
- Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N Kihara Filho
- Departamento de Diagnostico por Imagem, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Lenza
- Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Park H, Lee J, Jeong S, Im BN, Kim MK, Yang SG, Na K. Lipase-Sensitive Transfersomes Based on Photosensitizer/Polymerizable Lipid Conjugate for Selective Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy of Acne. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:3139-3147. [PMID: 27863184 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin problem affecting nearly 90% of adolescents and its development is associated with a colonization of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Although antibiotics have commonly been used to treat acne, antibiotic resistance of P. acnes is an emerging issue to be solved. In this study, a new way of photodynamic acne therapy is developed using P. acnes lipase-sensitive transfersome (DSPE-PEG-Pheo A (DPP) transfersome). For enhanced selectivity and skin penetration efficiency, DPP transfersomes are prepared from 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000], pheophorbide A (Pheo A), cholesterol, and Tween-80. Incorporation of Tween-80 as an edge activator increases the deformability of DPP transfersomes, enhancing skin penetration efficiency to four times that of free Pheo A. The photoactivity of Pheo A quenched by DPP transfersomes is gradually recovered by selective cleavage of the ester linkage in DPP transfersomes by P. acnes lipases. In vitro P. acnes-specific photoactivity and subsequent selective antimicrobial effect exhibit a greater than 99% loss of P. acnes viability. In vivo antiacne therapeutic effect is confirmed by reduction of swelling volume and thickness of P. acnes-induced nude mice skin. These results demonstrate that DPP transfersome-mediated photodynamic therapy can be used as an alternative method to treat bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Park
- Center for Photomedicine; Department of Biotechnology; The Catholic University of Korea; 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do 420-743 South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Lee
- Center for Photomedicine; Department of Biotechnology; The Catholic University of Korea; 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do 420-743 South Korea
| | - Songhee Jeong
- Center for Photomedicine; Department of Biotechnology; The Catholic University of Korea; 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do 420-743 South Korea
| | - Byeong Nam Im
- Center for Photomedicine; Department of Biotechnology; The Catholic University of Korea; 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do 420-743 South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of New Drug Development; School of Medicine; Inha University; 2F A-dong, Jeongseok Bldg., Sinheung-dong 3-ga Jung-gu Incheon 400-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Yang
- Department of New Drug Development; School of Medicine; Inha University; 2F A-dong, Jeongseok Bldg., Sinheung-dong 3-ga Jung-gu Incheon 400-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Center for Photomedicine; Department of Biotechnology; The Catholic University of Korea; 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do 420-743 South Korea
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16
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McClelland S, Takemoto RC, Lonner BS, Andres TM, Park JJ, Ricart-Hoffiz PA, Bendo JA, Goldstein JA, Spivak JM, Errico TJ. Analysis of Postoperative Thoracolumbar Spine Infections in a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Using the Centers for Disease Control Surgical Site Infection Criteria. Int J Spine Surg 2016; 10:14. [PMID: 27441172 DOI: 10.14444/3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wound infections following spinal surgery place a high toll on both the patient and the healthcare system. Although several large series studies have examined the incidence and distribution of spinal wound infection, the applicability of these studies varies greatly since nearly every study is either retrospective and/or lacks standard inclusion criteria for defining surgical site infection. To address this void, we present results from prospectively gathered thoracolumbar spine surgery data for which the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria were stringently applied to define a surgical site infection (SSI). METHODS A prospective randomized trial of 314 patients who underwent multilevel thoracolumbar spinal surgery with instrumentation followed by postoperative drain placement was completed (Takemoto et al., 2015). The trial consisted of two antibiotic arms: one for 24-hours, and the other for the duration of the drain; no differences were found between the arms. All infections meeting CDC criteria for SSI were included. RESULTS A total of 40 infections met CDC criteria for SSI, for an overall incidence of 12.7%. Of these, 20 (50%) were culture-positive. The most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus (4 total: methicillin-sensitive=2; methicillin-resistant=2), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (3 cases), Propionibacterium acnes and Escherichia coli (2 cases each). Six infections grew multiple organisms, most commonly involving coagulase-negative staphylococcus and enterococcus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that thoracolumbar SSI occurs at the higher end of the range cited in the literature (2-13%), which is largely based on retrospective data not subjected to the inclusivity of SSI as defined by the CDC. The three most common organisms in our analysis (S. aureus, P. acnes, E. coli) are consistent with previous reports. Staphylococcus aureus continues to be the most common causative organism and continued vigilance and searching for preventive measures need to be a high priority. This study provides Level I evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shearwood McClelland
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Richelle C Takemoto
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Baron S Lonner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY
| | - Tate M Andres
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Justin J Park
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Pedro A Ricart-Hoffiz
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - John A Bendo
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey A Goldstein
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey M Spivak
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Thomas J Errico
- Division of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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Abstract
We report a case of delayed onset capsular block syndrome in a patient 6 years after undergoing cataract surgery. Ocular examination revealed marked diminution of vision accompanied with a collection of milky fluid between the intraocular lens and posterior capsule. To treat and to understand the pathology of the condition, aspiration of fluid using 25-gauge vitrector through pars plana was done, and contents sent for microbiological analysis which did not reveal any growth. Postoperative period was uneventful with the absence of intraocular inflammation and excellent visual recovery.
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Sittart JADS, da Costa A, Mulinari-Brenner F, Follador I, Azulay-Abulafia L, de Castro LCM. Multicenter study for efficacy and safety evaluation of a fixeddose combination gel with adapalen 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% (Epiduo® for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Brazilian population. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 90:1-16. [PMID: 27168522 PMCID: PMC4840853 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current options for the treatment of acne vulgaris present many mechanisms of action. For several times, dermatologists try topical agents combinations, looking for better results. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a topical, fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris in the Brazilian population. METHODS This is a multicenter, open-label and interventionist study. Patients applied 1.0 g of the fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel on the face, once daily at bedtime, during 12 weeks. Lesions were counted in all of the appointments, and the degree of acne severity, overall improvement, tolerability and safety were evaluated in each visit. RESULTS From 79 recruited patients, 73 concluded the study. There was significant, fast and progressive reduction of non-inflammatory, inflammatory and total number of lesions. At the end of the study, 75.3% of patients had a reduction of >50% in non-inflammatory lesions, 69.9% in inflammatory lesions and 78.1% in total number of lesions. Of the 73 patients, 71.2% had good to excellent response and 87.6% had satisfactory to good response. In the first week of treatment, erythema, burning, scaling and dryness of the skin were frequent complaints, but, from second week on, these signals and symptoms have reduced. CONCLUSION The fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel is effective, safe, well tolerated and apparently improves patient compliance with the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adilson da Costa
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de
Campinas (PUC-Campinas) - Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | - Luna Azulay-Abulafia
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) - Rio de
Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay -
Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
Brazil
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19
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Zhou Y, Wei YR, Zhang Y, Du SS, Baughman RP, Li HP. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect propionibacterial ribosomal RNA in the lymph nodes of Chinese patients with sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:511-7. [PMID: 25959360 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of using the copy number of propionibacterial rRNA as a biomarker for sarcoidosis. Ribosomal RNA of Propionibacterium acnes and P. granulosum was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue of lymph node biopsy from 65 Chinese patients with sarcoidosis, 45 with tuberculosis and 50 controls with other diseases (23 with non-specific lymphadenitis and 27 with mediastinal lymph node metastasis from lung cancer). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analysed to determine an optimal cut-off value for diagnosis, and the diagnostic accuracy of the cut-off value was evaluated in additional tissue samples [24 patients with sarcoidosis and 22 with tuberculosis (TB)]. P. acnes or P. granulosum rRNA was detected in 48 of the 65 sarcoidosis samples but only in four of the 45 TB samples and three of the 50 control samples. Analysis of the ROC curve revealed that an optimal cut-off value of the copy number of propionibacterial rRNA for diagnosis of sarcoidosis was 50·5 copies/ml with a sensitivity and specificity of 73·8 and 92·6%, respectively. Based on the cut-off value, 19 of the 24 additional sarcoidosis samples exhibited positive P. acnes or P. granulosum, whereas only one of the 22 additional TB samples was positive, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 79·2 and 95·5%, respectively. These findings suggest that propionibacteria might be associated with sarcoidosis granulomatous inflammation. Detection of propionibacterial rRNA by RT-PCR might possibly distinguish sarcoidosis from TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-R Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S-S Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - R P Baughman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H-P Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Shinohara DB, Vaghasia AM, Yu SH, Mak TN, Brüggemann H, Nelson WG, De Marzo AM, Yegnasubramanian S, Sfanos KS. A mouse model of chronic prostatic inflammation using a human prostate cancer-derived isolate of Propionibacterium acnes. Prostate 2013; 73:1007-15. [PMID: 23389852 PMCID: PMC3991131 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation has been linked to a number of prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis syndromes, and prostate cancer. Major unanswered questions include what pathogenic mechanisms, such as bacterial infections, may drive the accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates in the human prostate, and how inflammation might contribute to disease. To study this potential link in an in vivo system, we developed a mouse model of long-term bacteria-induced chronic inflammation of the prostate using a human prostatectomy-derived strain of Propionibacterium acnes. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were inoculated, via urethral catheterization, with vehicle control or a prostatectomy-derived strain of P. acnes (PA2). Animals were assessed at 2 days, 1, 2, or 8 weeks post-inoculation via histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS PA2 inoculation resulted in severe acute and chronic inflammation confined to the dorsal lobe of the prostate. Chronic inflammation persisted for at least 8 weeks post-inoculation. Inflammatory lesions were associated with an increase in the Ki-67 proliferative index, and diminished Nkx3.1 and androgen receptor (AR) production. Interestingly, the observed response required live bacteria and both IHC and in situ hybridization assays for P. acnes indicated a potential intracellular presence of P. acnes in prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first mouse model of long-term prostatic inflammation induced by P. acnes, and more generally, any prostatectomy-derived bacterial isolate. This model may serve as a valuable preclinical model of chronic prostatic inflammation that can be used to mechanistically study the link between inflammation and prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debika Biswal Shinohara
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ajay M. Vaghasia
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shu-Han Yu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tim N. Mak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - William G. Nelson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karen S. Sfanos
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Karen S. Sfanos, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII 1M43, Baltimore, MD 21287.
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Tsai TH, Chuang LT, Lien TJ, Liing YR, Chen WY, Tsai PJ. Rosmarinus officinalis extract suppresses Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory responses. J Med Food 2013; 16:324-33. [PMID: 23514231 PMCID: PMC3624774 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is a key pathogen involved in the progression of acne inflammation. The development of a new agent possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity against P. acnes is therefore of interest. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on P. acnes-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that ethanolic rosemary extract (ERE) significantly suppressed the secretion and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in P. acnes-stimulated monocytic THP-1 cells. In an in vivo mouse model, concomitant intradermal injection of ERE attenuated the P. acnes-induced ear swelling and granulomatous inflammation. Since ERE suppressed the P. acnes-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, the suppressive effect of ERE might be due, at least partially, to diminished NF-κB activation and TLR2-mediated signaling pathways. Furthermore, three major constituents of ERE, carnosol, carnosic acid, and rosmarinic acid, exerted different immumodulatory activities in vitro. In brief, rosmarinic acid significantly suppressed IL-8 production, while the other two compounds inhibited IL-1β production. Further study is needed to explore the role of bioactive compounds of rosemary in mitigation of P. acnes-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Te Chuang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Lien
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Rong Liing
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Tsai
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
AIM: To search for bacterial DNA sequences in cholesterol gallstones with negative bacterial culture.
METHODS: DNA was extracted from cholesterol gallstones in gallbladders and nested primers polymerase chain reaction (NP-PCR) was used to amplify bacterial gene fragments for identifying the existence of bacteria. The samples of bacterial DNA extracted from potentially causative or unrelated living bacteria were amplified in vitro as the standard markers and comparative 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis was made for bacterial identification.
RESULTS: The gallbladder gallstones of 30 patients were analyzed and bacterial DNA was found in 26 patients. Among them, gallstones with cholesterol content between 30%-69% were seen in 5 (5/5) patients, 70%-90% in 11 (11/14) patients, and more than 90% in 10 (10/11) patients. There was no difference either in cholesterol and water content of gallstones or in harboring bacterial DNA of gallstones. E. coli-related DNA fragments appeared in the stones of 8 (26.67%) patients; propionibacteria type DNA in 7 (23.33%); and harbored bacterial gene fragments in 2 patients, similar to Streptococcus pyogenes. A more heterogenous sequence collection was found in 7 (23.33%) patients, which could belong to multiple bacterial infections. Two (6.67%) patients had bacterial DNA with low molecular weight which might be related to some unidentified bacteria.
CONCLUSION: Most cholesterol gallstones harbor bacterial DNA. It is important to determine whether these microorganisms are innocent bystanders or active participants in cholesterol gallstone formation.
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