1
|
Picchioni D, Schmidt KC, McWhirter KK, Loutaev I, Pavletic AJ, Speer AM, Zametkin AJ, Miao N, Bishu S, Turetsky KM, Morrow AS, Nadel JL, Evans BC, Vesselinovitch DM, Sheeler CA, Balkin TJ, Smith CB. Rates of cerebral protein synthesis in primary visual cortex during sleep-dependent memory consolidation, a study in human subjects. Sleep 2018; 41:4996371. [PMID: 29771362 PMCID: PMC6251561 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
If protein synthesis during sleep is required for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, we might expect rates of cerebral protein synthesis (rCPS) to increase during sleep in the local brain circuits that support performance on a particular task following training on that task. To measure circuit-specific brain protein synthesis during a daytime nap opportunity, we used the L-[1-(11)C]leucine positron emission tomography (PET) method with simultaneous polysomnography. We trained subjects on the visual texture discrimination task (TDT). This was followed by a nap opportunity during the PET scan, and we retested them later in the day after the scan. The TDT is considered retinotopically specific, so we hypothesized that higher rCPS in primary visual cortex would be observed in the trained hemisphere compared to the untrained hemisphere in subjects who were randomized to a sleep condition. Our results indicate that the changes in rCPS in primary visual cortex depended on whether subjects were in the wakefulness or sleep condition but were independent of the side of the visual field trained. That is, only in the subjects randomized to sleep, rCPS in the right primary visual cortex was higher than the left regardless of side trained. Other brain regions examined were not so affected. In the subjects who slept, performance on the TDT improved similarly regardless of the side trained. Results indicate a regionally selective and sleep-dependent effect that occurs with improved performance on the TDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dante Picchioni
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Kathleen C Schmidt
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelly K McWhirter
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Inna Loutaev
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Adriana J Pavletic
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrew M Speer
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan J Zametkin
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ning Miao
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kate M Turetsky
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anne S Morrow
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey L Nadel
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brittney C Evans
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diana M Vesselinovitch
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carrie A Sheeler
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thomas J Balkin
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Carolyn B Smith
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nadel J, Huang T, Xia Z, Burlin T, Zametkin A, Smith CB. Voluntary exercise regionally augments rates of cerebral protein synthesis. Brain Res 2013; 1537:125-31. [PMID: 24016692 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a natural form of neurophysiologic stimulation that has known benefits for mental health, maintenance of cerebral function, and stress reduction. Exercise is known to induce an upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and this is thought to be involved in associated increases in neural plasticity. Protein synthesis is also an essential component of adaptive plasticity. We hypothesized that exercise may stimulate changes in brain protein synthesis as part of its effects on plasticity. Here, we applied the quantitative autoradiographic L-[1-(14)C]leucine method to the in vivo determination of regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis (rCPS) in adult rats following a seven day period of voluntary wheel-running and their sedentary counterparts. In four of 21 brain regions examined, the mean values of rCPS in the exercised rats were statistically significantly higher than in sedentary controls; regions affected were paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventral hippocampus as a whole, CA1 pyramidal cell layer in ventral hippocampus, and frontal cortex. Increases in rCPS approached statistical significance in dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampus. Our results affirm the value of exercise in encouraging hippocampal and possibly cortical neuroplasticity, and also suggest that exercise may modulate stimulation of stress-response pathways. Ultimately, our study indicates that measurement of rCPS with PET might be used as a marker of brain response to exercise in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Nadel
- National Institute of Mental Health, United States Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|