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Tulloch C, Browne M, Hing N, Rockloff M, Hilbrecht M. How gambling harms others: The influence of relationship-type and closeness on harm, health, and wellbeing. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:697-710. [PMID: 37450370 PMCID: PMC10562824 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Concerned significant others (CSOs) can experience gambling-related harm, impacting their health and wellbeing. However, this harm varies depending on the type and closeness of the relationship with the person who gambles. We sought to determine the type and closeness of relationships that are more likely to experience harm from another person's gambling, and examine which aspects of health and wellbeing are related to this harm. Methods We examined survey data from 1,131 Australian adults who identified as being close to someone experiencing a gambling problem. The survey included information on relationship closeness, gambling-related harm (GHS-20-AO), and a broad range of health and wellbeing measures; including the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI), the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS-SF). Results CSOs in relationships where finances and responsibilities are shared were more likely to be harmed by another person's gambling problem, particularly partners (current and ex) and family members. This harm was most strongly associated with high levels of distress and negative emotions, impacting the CSO's ability to function properly at work or perform other responsibilities. Discussion and Conclusions Support and treatment services for CSOs should consider addressing the psychological distress and negative emotions commonly experienced by CSOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tulloch
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Browne
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Nerilee Hing
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Margo Hilbrecht
- The Vanier Institute of the Family, ON, Canada
- The Department of Recreation & Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Yin Y, Jiang T, Thomaes S, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. Nostalgia Promotes Parents' Tradition Transfer to Children by Strengthening Parent-Child Relationship Closeness. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2023:1461672231187337. [PMID: 37526170 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231187337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Parental tradition transfer to children is pivotal for their socialization, identity formation, and culture perpetuation. But what motivates parents to transfer traditions to their children? We hypothesized that nostalgia, an emotion strengthening interpersonal bonds, would promote tradition transfer through parent-child relationship closeness. We tested these hypotheses using cross-sectional (Studies 1 and 4), cross-lagged (Study 2 and preregistered Study 5), and experimental (Studies 3 and 6) designs. In Studies 1 to 3, nostalgia was associated with, had lagged effect on, and promoted tradition transfer. In Studies 4-6, parent-child relationship closeness mediated the link between nostalgia and tradition transfer. The findings enrich our understanding of the vertical transmission of knowledge, customs, and values, offering insight into how intergenerational bonds are reinforced and cultural heritage is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Yin
- Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Yu X, Zhang L, Liu M, He B. The Effect of Empathy on Team Members' Moqi in Virtual Teams: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2619-2633. [PMID: 37465047 PMCID: PMC10350425 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s414860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Moqi can help team members facilitate communication without all interlocutors present, so the researchers speculate it can be an efficient communication tool for virtual teams to compensate for its lack of synchronous communication and in-person contact. However, the only study on the predictors of team members' moqi believed that shared understandings could only arise from team tasks. Based on social exchange theory, the current study emphasizes the social and emotional benefits exchanged among team members and explores moqi-making among virtual team members through a lens of relationship-building. Methods With a two-wave time-lagged survey design, a total of 381 team members from 86 virtual teams in China participated in the study. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test the hypotheses. Results Results confirmed that virtual team members' empathy is conducive to their experiences of high-quality interpersonal relationships (HQIR) and moqi. Relationship closeness positively moderates the link between empathy and experiences of HQIR and the mediating effect. Conclusion This study helps unveil the significance of compassionate communication and life-giving connections in cultivating virtual team members' moqi and offers meaningful insights for facilitating virtual collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luxiaohe Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Foreign Languages, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- School of National Governance, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Margolin G, Daspe MÈ, Timmons AC, Corner GW, Pettit C, Rasmussen HF, Chaspari T, Han SC, Arbel R, Spies Shapiro L, Kazmierski KFM, Del Piero LB, Schacter HL. What happens when romantic couples discuss personal loss? Relational, emotional, and physiological impacts. J Fam Psychol 2022; 36:863-873. [PMID: 35298187 PMCID: PMC9710234 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Does talking about loss with a romantic partner have salutary personal and relationship effects? Prior evidence reveals the benefits of emotional disclosure in couple relationships, yet disclosure about loss has been overlooked in research on couple communication. Using a novel communication paradigm with young-adult heterosexual romantic partners (N = 114 couples), we investigated emotions, physiological arousal (skin conductance responses [SCR]), and relationship closeness when narrating a personal loss and listening to the partner's loss, and compared these loss discussions to discussions about desired relationship changes. Based on partners' self-reports, narrating loss elicited more vulnerable and, unexpectedly, more antagonistic emotions. Both narrating and listening to loss produced higher self-reported partner closeness, compared to discussing change. In support of the physiological benefits of disclosure, women's SCRs decreased over the discussion when they narrated their own loss. However, both women and men as listeners show a general trend of increasing SCRs over the discussion, suggesting the challenges of being a responsive partner. Moreover, in line with the putative protective effects of partners' biological interdependencies, partner closeness also was higher when both partners showed synchronous decreasing SCR as women narrated their loss. Although limited to young couples in relatively short relationships, these findings reveal some potential benefits of talking about loss in the context of romantic relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | | | | | | | - Corey Pettit
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia
| | | | | | - Sohyun C. Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Reout Arbel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa
| | | | | | - Larissa B. Del Piero
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
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Donovan LAN, Priester JR. Exploring the Psychological Processes That Underlie Interpersonal Forgiveness: Replication and Extension of the Model of Motivated Interpersonal Forgiveness. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2107. [PMID: 33132943 PMCID: PMC7578384 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When, why, and how does interpersonal forgiveness occur? These questions guided recent research that compared the relative abilities of empathy versus motivated reasoning models to account for the influence of relationship closeness on interpersonal forgiveness. Consistent support was provided for the Model of Motivated Interpersonal Forgiveness. This model hypothesizes that, following relationship transgressions, relationship closeness leads to a desire to maintain a relationship. Desire to maintain a relationship leads to motivated reasoning. And motivated reasoning fosters interpersonal forgiveness. The goal of the present research was to examine two concerns that emerged from the initial support for the Model of Motivated Interpersonal Forgiveness. First, were the measures of motivated reasoning and interpersonal forgiveness conflated, thus reducing the potential for empathy to account for interpersonal forgiveness? Second, did the analytic estimation used reduce the power to detect the mediational role of empathy? The present research examined these questions. When motivated reasoning was measured by thought listings (in addition to the original questionnaire items) and when the analytic estimation provided greater power, the Model of Motivated Interpersonal Forgiveness was replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Anne N. Donovan
- Marketing Department, Lubin School of Business, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joseph R. Priester
- Department of Marketing, Marshall Business School, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Rentscher KE, Carroll JE, Cole SW, Repetti RL, Robles TF. Relationship closeness buffers the effects of perceived stress on transcriptomic indicators of cellular stress and biological aging marker p16 INK4a. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16476-16490. [PMID: 32712602 PMCID: PMC7485710 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress can accelerate biological aging, offering one mechanism through which stress may increase age-related disease risk. Chronic activation of the sympathoadrenal system increases cellular energy production, resulting in cell stress that can initiate cellular senescence, a permanent state of cell growth arrest. Our previous research linked psychosocial stress with increased expression of senescence marker p16INK4a; however, less is known about the role of protective psychosocial factors in biological aging. We examined relationship closeness (perceived interconnectedness with one's spouse) as a protective buffer of the effects of stress on expression of the p16INK4a-encoding gene (CDKN2A) and transcription control pathways activated under cell stress. Seventy parents (Mage=43.2) completed interview-based and questionnaire measures of psychosocial stress and relationship closeness. Blood samples assessed CDKN2A expression and inferred activity of a priori-selected transcription factors Nrf2 and heat shock factors (HSFs) via genome-wide transcriptome profiling. Random intercept models adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity/race revealed that perceived stress was associated with elevated CDKN2A expression for parents with low but not high closeness. Secondary bioinformatics analyses linked the interaction of perceived stress and relationship closeness to Nrf2 and HSF-1 activity. Findings identify relationship closeness as a protective factor that may buffer the impact of stress on cellular stress and senescence pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Rentscher
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Judith E. Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rena L. Repetti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodore F. Robles
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Rajchert J, Żółtak T, Szulawski M, Jasielska D. Effects of Rejection by a Friend for Someone Else on Emotions and Behavior. Front Psychol 2019; 10:764. [PMID: 31024401 PMCID: PMC6465562 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies show that rejection increases negative affect and aggression and decreases helping behavior toward the excluder. Less is known about emotions and behavior after rejection by a friend for someone else. In two experimental studies (N = 101 and N = 169), we tested the predictions that rejection would feel worse in a close relationship but would result in less aggression and more reconnecting behavior, especially when the reasons for rejection were unknown. The results of Study 1 showed that, as expected, among acquaintances, more aggression was noted only after comparative rejection, but among strangers, aggression was also observed after rejection with no stated reason. Negative feelings toward a new acquaintance were only marginally stronger than those toward a stranger in Study 1, but Study 2 confirmed that rejection by a best friend, and especially comparative rejection by a friend, felt worse than other conditions. Study 2 also showed that reconnecting behavior was more likely to dominate over aggressive behavior between people in close relationships than between strangers. The results are discussed mostly in light of the multimotive model of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rajchert
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Szulawski
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Jasielska
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
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Vernon EK, Cooley B, Rozum W, Rattinger GB, Behrens S, Matyi J, Fauth E, Lyketsos CG, Tschanz JT. Caregiver-Care Recipient Relationship Closeness is Associated With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:349-359. [PMID: 30616905 PMCID: PMC6812501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Closer caregiver-care recipient (CG-CR) relationships are associated with better cognitive and functional abilities, activities of daily living (in persons with dementia), and lower informal care costs. METHODS Due to the difficulty in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) and their detrimental effects on caregivers and care recipients, we examined whether closeness of CG-CR relationships was associated with overall NPS severity or with specific NPS symptom domains in care recipients. In a longitudinal population-based study in Cache County, Utah, the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-12) was assessed in 300 CG-CR dyads. Caregivers reported current relationship closeness using the Whitlatch Relationship Closeness Scale. Linear mixed models examined associations between CG-CR closeness and NPI-12 total score or selected symptom domains over time (observation period: 2002-2012). RESULTS In unadjusted linear mixed models, higher closeness scores were associated with a five-point lower NPI-12 score and a one-point lesser increase in NPI-12 per year. NPI scores also showed lower affective cluster scores (two points) and lesser increase in psychosis cluster (approximately 0.5 points per year) and agitation/aggression (0.16 points per year) for each unit increase in closeness. When controlling for NPI caregiver distress, associations between closeness and NPSs diminished to a 0.5-point lesser increase in total NPI-12 score per year. Adjusted models for NPI domains/clusters showed -0.32 points per year for the psychosis cluster, -0.11 points per year for agitation/aggression, and -0.67 overall for the affective cluster. CONCLUSION Higher CG-CR closeness, a potentially modifiable factor, is associated with lower NPS severity and may provide a target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Vernon
- Department of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Bryce Cooley
- Department of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - William Rozum
- Department of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Gail B Rattinger
- Department of Health Outcomes and Administrative Sciences (GBR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY
| | - Stephanie Behrens
- Department of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Joshua Matyi
- Department of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Elizabeth Fauth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (EF), Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Constantine G Lyketsos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (CGL), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - JoAnn T Tschanz
- Department of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT; Center for Epidemiological Studies (JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT.
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9
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Polenick CA, Martire LM, Hemphill RC, Stephens MAP. Effects of change in arthritis severity on spouse well-being: The moderating role of relationship closeness. J Fam Psychol 2015; 29:331-8. [PMID: 26053347 PMCID: PMC4757435 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The severity of a patient's illness may be detrimental for the psychological well-being of the spouse, especially for those in a particularly close relationship. Using 2 waves of data collected from a sample of 152 knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and their spouses, we examined associations between change in patients' illness severity and change in 3 indicators of spouses' well-being (positive affect, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction) over a 6-month period. We also tested the hypothesis that spouses' perceived relationship closeness with the patient would moderate these associations. Consistent with our prediction, a high level of relationship closeness exacerbated the negative impact of increases in patient illness severity on spouses' positive affect and depressive symptoms over 6 months. Spouses' life satisfaction declined when patients became more ill, regardless of level of relationship closeness. Our findings highlight the value of examining change in illness as a predictor of change in spouse well-being and the potential downside of relationship closeness for couples living with chronic illness.
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Rotkirch A, Lyons M, David-Barrett T, Jokela M. Gratitude for help among adult friends and siblings. Evol Psychol 2014; 12:673-86. [PMID: 25300047 PMCID: PMC10556435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gratitude is a key prosocial emotion reinforcing reciprocal altruism, it has been largely ignored in the empirical literature. We examined feelings of gratitude and the importance of reciprocity in same-sex peer relations. Participants were 772 individuals (189 men; mean age = 28.80) who completed an online survey using a vignette design. We investigated (i) differences in reported gratitude and the importance of reciprocity among same-sex siblings and same-sex friends, and (ii) how relationship closeness moderates these associations. Based on the theory of kin altruism, we expect that people would feel more grateful towards friends than towards their siblings, and that lack of gratitude or failure to pay back a loan would bother more with friends than with siblings, irrespective of emotional closeness. Results showed that levels of gratitude and expectations of reciprocity were higher towards friends compared to siblings. This was the case also after controlling for emotional closeness. Being close generally made participants feel more grateful and expect lower displays of gratitude in the other. Closeness was also strongly associated with emotional gratitude among siblings compared to friends. We conclude that feelings and displays of gratitude have a special role in friendships. Although a close sibling may elicit as much gratitude as a friend does, even a very close friend is not exempt from the logic of reciprocity in the same way that a sibling is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rotkirch
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto – Finnish Family Federation, Finland
| | - Minna Lyons
- School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Markus Jokela
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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