1
|
Abdul-Rasool S, Kidson SH, Panieri E, Dent D, Pillay K, Hanekom GS. An evaluation of molecular markers for improved detection of breast cancer metastases in sentinel nodes. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:289-97. [PMID: 16505281 PMCID: PMC1860352 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2005.028357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In patients with breast cancer (BC), the sentinel node (SN) is the first node in the axillary basin that receives the primary lymphatic flow and can be used to accurately assess the axillary nodal status without removal of the axillary contents. Currently, histology and/or immunohistochemistry are the routine methods of SN analysis. The primary objective of this study was to develop a reproducible reverse transcription (RT) PCR assay, with emphasis on achieving high specificity for accurate detection of BC micrometastases in the SN. To correct for the heterogeneity of BC cells, a multimarker approach was followed, with the further aim of improving the detection rate of the assay. METHODS In total, 73 markers were evaluated, of which 7 were breast epithelial markers and 66 were either cancer testis or tumour associated antigens. Twelve BC cell lines and 30 SNs (from 30 patients) were analysed using RT-PCR to determine the in vitro and in vivo detection rates for each of the markers. In addition, 20 axillary nodes obtained from a patient with brain death were used as controls to optimise the PCR cycle numbers for all the markers. RESULTS Of the 30 SNs, 37% (11/30) were positive on haematoxylin and eosin analysis. Extensive immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of the haematoxylin and eosin negative nodes confirmed the presence of very small numbers of BC cells in an additional 40% (12/30) of SNs. Molecular analysis with the hMAM-A alone identified metastases in 70% (21/30) of SNs. Using MAGE-A3 in combination with hMAM-A identified metastases in 90% (27/30) of patients. Seven SNs (23%) were negative for micrometastases (with haematoxylin and eosin and IHC) but RT-PCR positive for either hMAM-A or MAGE-A3. CONCLUSIONS As IHC analysis resulted in a 77% detection rate compared with 37% for haematoxylin and eosin analysis, we consider that IHC is essential in order not to miss SN micrometastases. Molecular analysis with hMAM-A and MAGE-A3 allows detection of BC micrometastases with a 90% detection rate. However, the clinical value of histologically negative but RT-PCR positive SNs can only be determined with long term follow up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Abdul-Rasool
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital and National Health Laboratory Services of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Costacurta A, Priante G, D'Angelo A, Chieco-Bianchi L, Cantaro S. Decorin transfection in human mesangial cells downregulates genes playing a role in the progression of fibrosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2002; 16:178-86. [PMID: 12112390 PMCID: PMC6807966 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteoglycan decorin inhibits TGF-beta; therefore, it could antagonize progression of fibrotic diseases associated with activation of TGF-beta(1). The effect of decorin transfection in human mesangial cells (HMCs) on the expression of genes related to kidney fibrosis was investigated. HMCs, isolated from glomeruli of healthy portions of human kidneys removed due to carcinoma, were histochemically typed. Decorin cDNA cloned in a eukaryotic expression vector was transfected into HMCs. Gene expression of fibrogenetic cytokines and fibrotic proteins TGF-beta(1), PDGF-beta, alpha(1) collagen type IV, alpha(1) collagen type I, fibronectin, and tenascin was analyzed, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 24 hr after transfection. Immunoblotting analysis of protein extracts using anti-decorin IgG, revealed a positive signal of about 52 MDa, corresponding to the molecular weight of decorin, in cultures transfected with the decorin gene. Decorin mRNA increased about 12 times in cultures transfected with the construct pCR3.1-Deco. Cells with increased decorin synthesis showed a 61% decrease of TGF-beta(1) mRNA, a 71% reduction of alpha1 collagen type IV mRNA, and a 29% reduction of fibronectin mRNA. This study is the first to investigate decorin transfection into human mesangial cells, and supports the use of the decorin gene to control the progression of glomerular and interstitial fibrosis in kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Costacurta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Although histone deacetylases (HDACs) appear to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, the expression status of HDACs in primary human cancer tissues has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the expression level of HDAC1 in 25 paired primary human gastric cancer (GC) tissues and corresponding normal tissues through semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. The HDAC1 expression pattern was also topologically examined through immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of HDAC1 mRNA was detected in 68% of GC tissues (17 of 25), and the relative density of HDAC1 mRNA in GC tissue was increased 1.8-fold versus the normal counterpart (P < 0.01). Elevated expression of HDAC1 protein was also detected in 61% of GC samples (11 of 18), which also showed an increased mRNA level of HDAC. Immunohistochemically, overexpression of HDAC1 was predominantly localized in the nuclei of most neoplastic cells, including embolic tumor cells, whereas normal glandular epithelial cells revealed only weak HDAC1 expression that was focal in distribution. Thus, the present study clearly demonstrates that HDAC1 is overexpressed in GC and probably plays a significant role in gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 441-744, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akahira JI, Suzuki T, Ito K, Darnel AD, Moriya T, Sato S, Yaegashi N, Okamura K, Sasano H. Expression of 5alpha-reductases in human epithelial ovarian cancer: its correlation with androgen receptor status. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001; 92:926-32. [PMID: 11572759 PMCID: PMC5926843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen metabolism and possible actions are considered to play some roles in human epithelial ovarian neoplasms, but the details have not been well studied. We have examined the expression of 5alpha-reductase type 1 and type 2, which catalyze the conversion of testosterone to more active androgen, 5alpha-dehydrotestosterone, and androgen receptor (AR), using immunohistochemistry (104 cases) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (16 cases) as a first step toward understanding the metabolism and possible actions of androgens in human common epithelial ovarian carcinoma. 5alpha-Reductase type 1 was immunopositive in 75 / 104 cases (72.0%), and 5alpha-reductase type 2 in 52 / 104 cases (50.0%) (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between patterns of immunolocalization and clinicopathological parameters examined. Median labeling index (LI) for AR was 17.8% (range 0 - 84.4%) which was significantly higher in serous carcinoma than other histological types (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between 5alpha-reductase type 1 immunoreactivity and AR LI (P = 0.0027), but no significant correlation was detected in 5alpha-reductase type 2. Results of RT-PCR analysis were also consistent with those of immunohistochemistry. The relatively wide distribution of 5alpha-reductase type 1, and its correlation to AR status in human epithelial ovarian malignancies suggest that this isozyme plays important roles in androgen metabolism and actions in these tumors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/biosynthesis
- 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/enzymology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/enzymology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/chemistry
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/enzymology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/chemistry
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/enzymology
- Female
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/biosynthesis
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/enzymology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry
- Ovarian Neoplasms/enzymology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Receptors, Androgen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J I Akahira
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sasaki H, Lo KM, Chen LB, Auclair D, Nakashima Y, Moriyama S, Fukai I, Tam C, Loda M, Fujii Y. Expression of Periostin, homologous with an insect cell adhesion molecule, as a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancers. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001; 92:869-73. [PMID: 11509119 PMCID: PMC5926835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We used our palindromic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-driven cDNA differential display technique to identify and isolate a gene, designated periostin, from cancer tissues and found it to be overexpressed in several human tumors. We attempted to determine the influence of periostin expression on clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis. Periostin gene was highly expressed at the tumor periphery of lung cancer tissue but not within the tumor by in situ RNA hybridization, suggesting that expression of periostin may be involved in the process of tumor invasion. Periostin transcripts were detected in 50 (49.0%) of the tumor samples, although some paired normal lung samples showed weak expression. There was no relationship between periostin gene expression and gender, N- or T-status. The NSCLC patients with periostin expression had significantly poorer survival than the patients without periostin expression (P = 0.0338).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sasaki
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Egawa C, Miyoshi Y, Taguchi T, Tamaki Y, Noguchi S. Quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNA expression in sporadic breast carcinomas and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001; 92:624-30. [PMID: 11429050 PMCID: PMC5926755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNA expression in sporadic breast cancers was quantified by a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the relationship of their expression with various clinicopathological factors was studied. BRCA2 mRNA levels (0.993 +/- 1.395, mean +/- SD (BRCA2 / beta-glucuronidase mRNA ratios)) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than BRCA1 mRNA levels (0.519 +/- 0.570 (BRCA1 / beta-glucuronidase mRNA ratios)), and a weak but significant (r = 0.390, P < 0.01) correlation was observed between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNA expression levels. There was no significant association between BRCA1 mRNA expression and clinicopathological factors such as menstrual status, tumor size, lymph node status, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and histological grade. On the other hand, there was a significant association between higher BRCA2 mRNA expression and estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (P < 0.01) or progesterone receptor (PR) negativity (P < 0.01) or high histological grade (P < 0.01). These results suggest a differential contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the pathogenesis of sporadic breast cancers. BRCA2 mRNA is speculated to be up-regulated in response to proliferation and genomic instability in high histological grade tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Egawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 E-10 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Walsh EE, Falsey AR, Swinburne IA, Formica MA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults: use of a single-tube "hanging droplet" nested PCR. J Med Virol 2001; 63. [PMID: 11170067 PMCID: PMC7166324 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9071(200103)63:3<259::aid-jmv1010>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) infection is difficult in elderly persons due to the low quantities of virus shed. Therefore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect viral RNA in respiratory secretions. A single-tube nested RT-PCR that used primers from a conserved F gene sequence was developed using a "hanging droplet" to physically separate outer and inner primer pairs during the first round of the PCR reaction. This was accomplished by placing the inner primers in a 5 microL droplet on the underside on the reaction tube cap and mixing after the first round of PCR. As few as 0.05 pfu of virus could be detected and gave positive results with RSV strains that represented the major groups and subgroups of RSV grown in tissue culture. The nested PCR was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than standard single primer PCR reactions and equivalent to standard two-tube nested PCR. Viral RNA was detected in nasopharyngeal samples from 12 of 15 culture positive illnesses and in 5 of 17 culture-negative, seropositive illnesses despite specimen volumes less than 1 microL in some samples. The method was also positive in 14 of 25 elderly volunteers inoculated with a live attenuated RSV vaccine candidate, only one of whom was culture positive. Use of a nested RT-PCR significantly improves the ability to detect RSV in respiratory samples and should improve the ability to rapidly diagnose RSV infection in adults, especially in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward E. Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Ann R. Falsey
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Ian A. Swinburne
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Maria A. Formica
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
During the five-year period between 1994 and 1998, a total of 217 clinical samples were assessed for the isolation of enteroviruses at the Enterovirus Reference Centre for South Greece. Fourteen enterovirus strains belonging to different serotypes were isolated. These field strains were detected by cell culture in appropriate cell lines. They were subsequently identified by neutralizing antibodies with the LBM (Lim-Benyesh Melnick) mixed antisera pools up to 1995 and RIVM (National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) pools from 1996 onwards. The isolated viruses included two strains of poliovirus type 2 Sabin-like, three strains of poliovirus type 1 non-Sabin-like, one Coxsackie B2 (CBV2) strain, one Coxsackie B5 (CBV5) strain, one Echo 5 (ECV5) strain, one Echo 7 (ECV7) strain, three Coxsackie A16 (CAV16) strains, and two currently enteroviral strains unidentified by RIVM pools. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using poliovirus-specific primers or poliovirus type-specific primers and enterovirus specific primers from the highly conserved 5'-UTR, the latter followed by RFLP, was also applied in 6 clinical isolates (3 strains of poliovirus type 1 non-Sabin-like, 1 polio type 2 Sabin-like, and 2 non-identified by RIVM pools enteroviruses). The advantages and the drawbacks of these assays against the conventional ones are discussed here. The isolations and the subsequent identification of the strains were carried out from fecal samples of clinical cases that included hand-foot-and-mouth disease, meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. The reappearance of non-Sabin-like poliovirus strains in Greece in 1996 after 14 years is considered to have an important medical and clinical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Siafakas
- Department of Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- John Tabor Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, England
| | | | | | - Niki Spyrou
- Department of Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Andréoletti L, Lesay M, Deschildre A, Lambert V, Dewilde A, Wattré P. Differential detection of rhinoviruses and enteroviruses RNA sequences associated with classical immunofluorescence assay detection of respiratory virus antigens in nasopharyngeal swabs from infants with bronchiolitis. J Med Virol 2000; 61:341-6. [PMID: 10861643 PMCID: PMC7167098 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9071(200007)61:3<341::aid-jmv10>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To define the role of enteroviruses and human rhinoviruses as etiological agents in childhood bronchiolitis, clinical aspirates from 84 infants admitted to hospital with symptoms of obstructive bronchiolitis were tested by picornavirus RT-PCR assay, adenovirus PCR assay and classical immunofluorescence antigen detection of common respiratory viral agents. Respiratory syncytial viruses (A&B) were detectable in 45 of 84 (53.6%) nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants with bronchiolitis, whereas coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and parainfluenza viruses were not detectable in the same samples. Adenoviruses were detectable by PCR in 11 of 84 (13.1%) nasopharyngeal swabs. By using a picornavirus RT-PCR assay followed by a differential molecular hybridisation, rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA sequences were detected in 16 of 84 (19%) and in 10 of 84 (11.9%) of the nasopharyngeal swabs tested. Positive human rhinovirus or enterovirus RT-PCR assay, however, was the only evidence of respiratory infection in 8 of 84 (9.5%) and in 7 of 84 (8.33%) of the studied patients. Respiratory syncytial viruses, human rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses occur in dual infections detected in 18 of 84 (21.4%) respiratory samples tested. The median duration of stay in hospital was not significantly different between the patients demonstrating a single viral infection and those with a dual viral infection (6.22 +/- 2.07 vs. 5. 04 +/- 0.95 days; P > 0.05). In summary, combination of molecular and classical detection assays of common viruses can be used to demonstrate enterovirus and human rhinovirus respiratory infection in childhood bronchiolitis, and provides an improved approach to obtain new insights into concomitant viral respiratory tract infection in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Andréoletti
- Laboratoire de Virologie CHRU, Bâtiment IRFPPS, Lille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Andréoletti L, Lesay M, Deschildre A, Lambert V, Dewilde A, Wattré P. Differential detection of rhinoviruses and enteroviruses RNA sequences associated with classical immunofluorescence assay detection of respiratory virus antigens in nasopharyngeal swabs from infants with bronchiolitis. J Med Virol 2000. [PMID: 10861643 PMCID: PMC7167098 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9071(200007)61:3<341::aid-jmv10>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To define the role of enteroviruses and human rhinoviruses as etiological agents in childhood bronchiolitis, clinical aspirates from 84 infants admitted to hospital with symptoms of obstructive bronchiolitis were tested by picornavirus RT-PCR assay, adenovirus PCR assay and classical immunofluorescence antigen detection of common respiratory viral agents. Respiratory syncytial viruses (A&B) were detectable in 45 of 84 (53.6%) nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants with bronchiolitis, whereas coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and parainfluenza viruses were not detectable in the same samples. Adenoviruses were detectable by PCR in 11 of 84 (13.1%) nasopharyngeal swabs. By using a picornavirus RT-PCR assay followed by a differential molecular hybridisation, rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA sequences were detected in 16 of 84 (19%) and in 10 of 84 (11.9%) of the nasopharyngeal swabs tested. Positive human rhinovirus or enterovirus RT-PCR assay, however, was the only evidence of respiratory infection in 8 of 84 (9.5%) and in 7 of 84 (8.33%) of the studied patients. Respiratory syncytial viruses, human rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses occur in dual infections detected in 18 of 84 (21.4%) respiratory samples tested. The median duration of stay in hospital was not significantly different between the patients demonstrating a single viral infection and those with a dual viral infection (6.22 +/- 2.07 vs. 5. 04 +/- 0.95 days; P > 0.05). In summary, combination of molecular and classical detection assays of common viruses can be used to demonstrate enterovirus and human rhinovirus respiratory infection in childhood bronchiolitis, and provides an improved approach to obtain new insights into concomitant viral respiratory tract infection in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuella Lesay
- Laboratoire de Virologie CHRU, Bâtiment IRFPPS, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Deschildre
- Service de Pédiatrie, hâpital Jeanne de Flandes, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Lambert
- Laboratoire de Virologie CHRU, Bâtiment IRFPPS, Lille, France
| | - Anny Dewilde
- Laboratoire de Virologie CHRU, Bâtiment IRFPPS, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Wattré
- Laboratoire de Virologie CHRU, Bâtiment IRFPPS, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
One of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX-2, is overexpressed in various human cancers. In this study, we examined the gene expression levels of COX-2 in primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), metastatic lymph nodes, and normal lung tissues. The expression levels of the COX-2 gene were assessed by means of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 76 autopsy samples (29 primary NSCLC, 29 corresponding normal lung tissues, and 9 metastatic lymph nodes). The expression levels in NSCLC (both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas) were significantly higher than in normal lung tissues and were significantly higher in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas. Differences between the levels of expression of COX-2 in primary tumors and their corresponding metastatic lymph nodes in 9 adenocarcinoma patients were not significant. Our results indicate that COX-2 may be associated with carcinogenesis of NSCLC, and that it may be a target for the treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ochiai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine, Kasumi
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
An optimized reaction condition for amplification of influenza A virus RNA, by thermus thermophilus (Tth) DNA polymerase-based PCR, incorporating uracil N glycosylase (UNG) and dUTP in the reaction has been determined. dUTP could not be substituted for all dTTP sites when UNG was present in the reaction. The relative concentration of dUTP and dTTP has been optimized for allowing amplification of the target RNA. It has been verified that the amplified product DNA had sufficient dUTP and was digestable by UNG. Using the optimized reaction condition, influenza A virus-specific DNA fragment could be amplified and detected in 15 of 15 culture positive (for influenza A virus) nasopharyngeal specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Poddar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Growth of cancer cells is characterized by accelerated passage through the cell cycle, which is often caused by deregulation of the G1-->S transition. In this study the expression of G1-->S transition regulatory molecules was analyzed in 32 transitional cell carcinoma specimens and fifteen normal tissues obtained by cystectomy or nephroureterectomy of mainly locally advanced tumors, as well as six bladder cancer cell lines. Expression of mRNAs for cyclins D1 and D2 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2 and 4 was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of cyclin D1 compared to normal mucosa was observed in 3 tumors (9.4%), but in neither of the cell lines. All tumors with overexpression were moderately differentiated (G2) pT1 or pT2 tumors, and thus among the less advanced specimens. Cyclin D2 was not expressed in normal bladder mucosa or in tumors. The expression of CDK4 mRNA varied within the same range in mucosa, tumors, and cell lines. CDK2 mRNA expression varied more strongly and was diminished in individual tumors and in four cell lines. It is concluded that cyclin D1 overexpression can play an important role in the early stage of urothelial tumorigenesis, driving cell proliferation. Ectopic expression of cyclin D2 or amplification of CDK4 does not occur at a significant frequency in urothelial carcinomas. Different expression patterns of cyclin D1 and CDK2 indicate heterogeneity in the mechanisms of G1-->S transition deregulation in individual bladder tumors which may elicit differences in their biological and clinical behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Oya
- Department of Urology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saegusa M, Okayasu I. Up-regulation of CD44 variant exon expression in endometrial carcinomas: analysis of mRNA and protein isoforms, and relation to clinicopathological factors. Jpn J Cancer Res 1998; 89:291-8. [PMID: 9600123 PMCID: PMC5921797 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the relation between expression of individual CD44 variant exons and tumor progression, 34 endometrial carcinomas (endometrioid type) were investigated, as well as 27 samples of normal endometrium, using a combination of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot hybridization (SBH). Western blotting was also performed for comparison of protein levels with the results of the RT-PCR/SBH methods. Analysis of gross CD44 splicing patterns demonstrated high-level expression of variant isoforms in endometrial carcinomas as compared with normal endometrium. Exon-specific RT-PCR/SBH assays revealed large, abundant transcripts of individual variant exons in particular v3, v4, and v5, in tumors, but these isoforms were also expressed in normal endometria, suggesting a lack of tumor-specificity. No individual CD44 variant transcripts were associated with any of the prognostic factors investigated. Parallel observations showed variant CD44 transcripts to be more readily detectable than protein isoforms in the same samples. These findings indicate that in endometrial carcinomas, expression of individual variant CD44 exons is markedly up-regulated, but this molecule may not be useful as a consistent indicator of tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Saegusa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
We examined the expression of CD44 isoforms in samples of breast cancer tissues from 95 patients by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and tried to correlate the results with survival period. At the RNA level, expression of exon v2 was observed in 33 (35%) and that of v6 in 69 (73%) of the 95 specimens. Patients with CD44v2 mRNA expression had significantly shorter survival times than those with v2-negative tumors (P = 0.05), but there was only a weak correlation, if any, between v6 mRNA expression and overall survival (P = 0.06). Tumor tissue from 22 (23%) and 72 (76%) patients showed positive immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibody (mAb) M23.6.1. (CD44v2) and mAb 2F10 (CD44v6), respectively. Immunohistochemical evidence of CD44v2 peptide expression correlated with overall survival (P = 0.02), but there was no such association with CD44v6 expression in these tumors (P = 0.67). There were significant correlations between v2 immunoreactivity and higher histological grade and lower levels of estrogen and progesterone receptor. There was no significant correlation between v6 immunoreactivity and such clinicopathological characteristics. Although the expression of v2 was significantly associated with reduced overall survival, it was not an independent prognostic factor because it also correlated with progesterone receptor status. These findings suggest that v2 isoform expression might have more value than v6 expression for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokue
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nakanishi H, Kodera Y, Torii A, Hirai T, Yamamura Y, Kato T, Kito T, Tatematsu M. Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing free tumor cells in peritoneal washes from patients with gastric carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction. Jpn J Cancer Res 1997; 88:687-92. [PMID: 9310142 PMCID: PMC5921487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1997.tb00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytological examination of peritoneal washes is a useful predictor of peritoneal recurrence in gastric carcinoma patients. In the present study, even more sensitive detection of free cancer cells could be achieved through amplification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA by means of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CEA was first confirmed to be present in all the gastric cancer cell lines examined, irrespective of the differentiation degree, and absent in blood and mesothelium, indicating the specificity of this approach for detection of carcinoma cells in peritoneal lavage fluid. In sensitivity tests, CEA RT-PCR proved to be capable of detecting 10 carcinoma cells per sample. Peritoneal washes of 15 of 48 gastric carcinoma patients, including all 10 patients with positive cytology results, proved positive for CEA mRNA. None of the 5 patients with benign disease was positive. Moreover, a close association with the depth of cancer invasion was established. The results indicate that the assay is more sensitive for detection of free carcinoma cells in the peritoneal cavity than conventional cytology. This is the first study to suggest the feasibility of the RT-PCR method for prediction of peritoneal recurrence in gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Noguchi S, Hiratsuka M, Furukawa H, Aihara T, Kasugai T, Tamura S, Imaoka S, Koyama H, Iwanaga T. Detection of gastric cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes by amplification of keratin 19 mRNA with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996; 87:650-4. [PMID: 8766530 PMCID: PMC5921146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb00272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive method for the detection of gastric cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes was developed. The method was based on amplification of keratin 19 mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Keratin 19 RT-PCR showed that keratin 19 mRNA was expressed in all 12 gastric cancers, but not in any of 20 normal control lymph nodes, indicating that keratin 19 mRNA is a good target of RT-PCR for the detection of gastric cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes. Serial dilution studies of RNA extracted from gastric cancers against RNA extracted from control lymph nodes demonstrated that the detection sensitivity of the keratin 19 RT-PCR method was one cancer cell in 10(3)-10(5) lymph node cells. Detectability of lymph node metastases was compared between keratin 19 RT-PCR and conventional histological examination, using 100 lymph nodes obtained from 12 gastric cancer patients. Keratin 19 mRNA was detected in all of the seven lymph nodes which were histologically metastasis-positive. Of the 93 lymph nodes which were histologically metastasis-negative, 79 were found not to express keratin 19 mRNA but 14 were found to express keratin 19 mRNA, indicating that these lymph nodes contained micrometastases which could not be detected by histological examination. These results demonstrate that keratin 19 RT-PCR is a more sensitive method than histological examination for the detection of gastric micrometastases in lymph nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Noguchi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
We examined mRNA expressions of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), its specific receptor (u-PR), and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2) in 50 human breast cancers by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. The expressions of the genes are discussed in relation to the clinicopathological findings. In the overall population in breast cancers, a low level of PAI-2 expression was significantly associated with lymph node involvement (P < 0.0001). The u-PA, u-PR, and PAM expressions tended to be at high levels in such metastatic cancers. Also, positive expression of u-PA, u-PR, and PAI-1 was significantly correlated with negative expression of PAI-2. These results indicate that PAI-2 may play a critical role in the regulation of extracellular matrix degradation during tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and the expression of PAI-2 may be useful as a marker to evaluate the prognosis of breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ishikawa
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
To examine whether renal cell carcinoma displays altered CD44 expression we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of CD44 in 38 specimens from renal cancer, normal kidney and metastases of 19 patients and 6 renal cancer cell lines. To detect the CD44 variants, we utilized the RT-PCR Southern blot method. One out of 19 (5.3%) renal cancer specimens expressed a larger molecular weight band than 1 kb by RT-PCR analysis, in contrast to previous findings in colon and breast cancer. The band patterns in RT-PCR were different in 14/17 (82.4%) cases between normal kidney and tumors, and a band of about 700 bp was especially marked in 12/17 (70.6%) tumor specimens and 4/6 (66.7%) cell lines. By cloning and sequencing of the 700 bp band, we found that this variant is identical to the CD44 variant sharing only exon v10. Examination by Northern blot analysis has revealed that all tumors express a higher level of CD44 mRNA than paired normal kidneys. These findings suggested that the CD44 variants sharing exon v10 play some role in renal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kan
- Department of Urology, Tokushima University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Niwa K, Misao R, Hanabayashi T, Morishita S, Murase T, Itoh M, Itoh N, Mori H, Tamaya T. Semi-quantitative analysis of DNA topoisomerase-I mRNA level using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in cancer cell lines: its relation to cytotoxicity against camptothecin derivative. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994; 85:869-74. [PMID: 7523352 PMCID: PMC5919567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of DNA topoisomerase (Topo)-I-mRNA in various cancer cell lines was detected using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA isolated from cancer cell lines was reverse-transcribed and the complementary DNA was amplified by PCR primed with Topo-I specific primers. Fidelity of the amplified sequence was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot hybridization. The level of Topo-I mRNA was correlated positively with the cytotoxicity of a Topo-I inhibitor, a camptothecin derivative. This RT-PCR method may be applicable to the assessment of sensitivity of cells to Topo-I targeted drugs, especially when only small quantities of cell samples are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Niwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|