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Wang J, Liu C, Chen L, Liao Q, Liu G. Development of the social burnout scale for college students. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1295755. [PMID: 38577122 PMCID: PMC10991744 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1295755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Although fruitful achievements have been explored about job burnout, little is known about burnout in the field of social interaction among college students. To address this limitation, this study defined the concept of Social Burnout and developed a measurement tool for it. The study adopted the method of combining qualitative research with quantitative research. After the qualitative study, we gathered examples of social burnout and finished item writing. Using convenient sampling and theoretical sampling methods, six different samples were recruited for reliability and validity testing. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed the scale's two-factor structure: emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Cronbach's alpha measured the internal consistency of the social burnout scale (SBS), which was excellent (Cronbach's alpha of emotional exhaustion = 0.94; depersonalization = 0.82; the overall = 0.92). Susequently, the method of calculating AVE and CR evaluated the scale's convergent and discriminant validity, which were relatively good (AVE of emotional exhaustion = 0.60, depersonalization = 0.59; CR of emotional exhaustion = 0.93, depersonalization = 0.81). Then, regression analysis verified the nomological network and criterion-related validity (r = -0.30, p < 0.01; r = -0.39, p < 0.01; β = -0.25, p < 0.01). The SBS was shown to be a reliable and appropriate measure for assessing students' social burnout. Furthermore, the SBS is recommended for use in academic research and by healthcare professionals to measure students' social distress. Further validation studies of this scale are needed in other cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Longling Chen
- School of Business, Macao University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Qiuyue Liao
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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2
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Neuhaus E, Bernier RA, Webb SJ. Social motivation by self- and caregiver-report: Reporter concordance and social correlates among autistic and neurotypical youth. Autism Res 2024; 17:55-65. [PMID: 37987233 PMCID: PMC10843724 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Differences in social motivation underlie the core social-communication features of autism according to several theoretical models, with decreased social motivation among autistic youth relative to neurotypical peers. However, research on social motivation often relies on caregiver reports and rarely includes firsthand perspectives of children and adolescents with autism. Furthermore, social motivation is typically assumed to be constant across social settings when it may actually vary by social context. Among a sample of 58 verbally fluent youth (8-13 years old; 22 with autism, 36 neurotypical), we examined correspondence between youth and caregiver reports of social motivation with peers and with adults, as well as diagnostic group differences and associations with social outcomes. Results suggest youth and caregivers provide overlapping but distinct information. Autistic youth had lower levels of social motivation relative to neurotypical youth, and reported relatively consistent motivation toward peers and adults. Youth self- and caregiver-report were correlated for motivation toward adults, but not toward peers. Despite low correspondence between self- and caregiver-reported motivation toward peers, autistic youths' self-report corresponded to caregiver-reported social skills and difficulties whereas caregiver-report of peer motivation did not. For neurotypical youth, self- and caregiver-reported motivation toward adults was correlated, but motivation by both reporters was largely independent of broader social outcomes. Findings highlight the unique value of self-report among autistic children and adolescents, and warrant additional work exploring the development, structure, and correlates of social motivation among autistic and neurotypical youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Neuhaus
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development
- University of Washington Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
| | - Raphael A. Bernier
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development
- University of Washington Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
| | - Sara Jane Webb
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development
- University of Washington Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
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Huang Y, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Bhatarasakoon P, Pichayapan P, Worland S. Depression and Its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Engineering Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Thailand. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2334. [PMID: 37628531 PMCID: PMC10454827 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental health problem that can affect everyone at different stages of development. Though the prevalence rate of depression among university students is rising, exploration among engineering students is limited. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors of among engineering students in Thailand. METHODS A total of 346 students participated in this study. All completed the outcome inventory depression subscale (OI-D) to evaluate the level and prevalence of depression. Other variables assessed included social skills, learning styles, relationship satisfaction, interpersonal difficulty, alcohol use, internet addiction, and neuroticism. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to test the association between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and depression. RESULTS Of the 346 students with the mean age of 20.25 (SD, 1.33), 52.31% were male. Based on the OI-D, 35.3% of participants exhibited symptoms indicative of major depression. Multiple regression showed that only neuroticism, interpersonal difficulties, social skills, and self-esteem appeared to be the significant predictors of depression. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression among engineering students in Thailand was unexpectedly high compared with the prevalence of depression among engineering students in some other countries. Intra- and interpersonal factors were found to be associated with depression. Further study on identifying these risk factors should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyue Huang
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patraporn Bhatarasakoon
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Preda Pichayapan
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Shirley Worland
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.H.); (N.W.); (P.B.); (P.P.); (S.W.)
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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O’Grady AM, Nag S. "Where's Wally?" Identifying theory of mind in school-based social skills interventions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:600699. [PMID: 36389472 PMCID: PMC9646489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.600699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This mini configurative review links theory of mind (ToM) research with school-based social skills interventions to reframe theoretical understanding of ToM ability based on a conceptual mapping exercise. The review's aim was to bridge areas of psychology and education concerned with social cognition. Research questions included: how do dependent variables (DVs) in interventions designed to enhance child social-cognitive skills map onto ToM constructs empirically validated within psychology? In which ways do these mappings reframe conceptualization of ToM ability? Thirty-one studies (conducted from 2012 to 2019) on social-cognitive skill with typically-developing children ages 3-11 were included as opposed to explicit ToM trainings in light of an identified performance plateau on ToM tasks in children. Intervention DVs mapped onto the following ToM constructs in at least 87% of studies: "Representation of Others and/or Self," "Knowledge/Awareness of Mental States," "Attributions/Explanations of Mental States," "Social Competence," "Predicting Behavior," and "Understanding Complex Social Situations." The absence of false-belief understanding as an intervention DV indicated a lack of direct training in ToM ability. A hierarchy to further organize the review's ToM framework constructs as either skills or competences within the construct of 'Representation of Others and/or Self' is proposed. Implications for the conceptualization of ToM and social-cognitive research as well as educational practice are discussed, namely how school social skill interventions conceptualize skill along a continuum in contrast to the common artificial dichotomous assessment of ToM skill (i.e., presence or lack), yet the development of ToM can nevertheless be supported by the school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneyn M. O’Grady
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Liu CY, Lin LL, Sheu JJ, Sum RK. Psychometric Validation of Senior Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35682309 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To validate the Senior Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (SPPLI). Methods: In the pilot study, we refined the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI, Cronbach’s α = 0.94, initially designed for adults) into SPPLI using internal reliability, content validity, and construct validity results. A total of 341 older adults recruited from community centers in Southern Taiwan participated in the study. A principle component analysis (PCA) identified three components of SPPLI. Results: Eleven items were captured from the 18-item PPLI as the SPPLI (Cronbach’s α = 0.90). SPPLI exhibits three components: attitude toward physical activity, physical activity ability, and sociality around physical activity. Significant differences were discovered in physical activity ability by educational attainment (p < 0.05) and in all three components by stage of exercise (maintenance vs. non-maintenance) (p < 0.05). The SPPLI possesses proper reliability and validity to assess physical literacy among older adults. Conclusions: This instrument is suggested for physical literacy assessments in physical activity programs to assess the needs of older adults and/or the effectiveness of an intervention program that aims to improve the attitude, ability, and sociality of physical activity.
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Demizu Y, Matsumoto J, Yasuda Y, Ito S, Miura K, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa N, Ishimaru K, Hashimoto R. Relationship between autistic traits and social functioning in healthy individuals. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:226-229. [PMID: 35365959 PMCID: PMC9216356 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Social functioning is influenced by various factors. Autistic traits could be one of the factors that affect social functioning. METHODS In the present study, the relationship between autistic traits and social functioning among 755 healthy individuals was analyzed. Autistic traits were assessed with the autism-spectrum quotient. Social functioning was assessed by the social functioning scale and the social activity assessment. RESULTS The Autism-Spectrum Quotient total score was significantly negatively correlated with the social functioning scale total and all subscales of the social functioning scale. All subscales of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient except attention to detail were significantly negatively correlated with the social functioning scale total score. However, the Autism-Spectrum Quotient was not correlated with the social activity assessment, which indicates labor functioning. CONCLUSION Autistic traits of healthy individuals had a negative impact on situations in real life through social functioning for daily life-sustaining. The effect was not enough to affect labor functioning as indicated by working hours in healthy individuals. These findings should also be examined in individuals with autism spectrum disorder in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuria Demizu
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, The Division of Human Developmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanity and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, The Division of Human Developmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanity and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ishimaru
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Keller R, Ardizzone F, Finardi C, Colella R, Genuario C, Lopez M, Salerno L, Nobile E, Cicinelli G. Real-Life Social-Skills Training and Motor-Skills Training in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Con-Tatto Project Walking Down the Francigena Route. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:846619. [PMID: 35573346 PMCID: PMC9096446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.846619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an early onset and a genetic and epigenetic component. ASD is characterized by deficits in socio-emotional reciprocity, impaired verbal and non-verbal communication skills, and specific difficulties in developing and maintaining adequate social relationships with peers. Indeed, restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities are required by DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Autistic people usually need an unchanging environment (or in any case predictable and stable) and may have hypo- or hyper-sensitivity to sensory inputs. The onset of clinical symptoms occurs during the early years of life. Social skills competence is a significant therapeutic aim to be pursued when addressing ASD core symptoms. Several considerable motor difficulties (87%) in people with autism spectrum disorder in adulthood have been found. The Con-tatto project developed a project addressing social, physical, and mental health difficulties in real-life walking down the Francigena route for 9 days with 12 autistic people, by (1) Implementing daily sessions of social skills training program whose abilities were addressed to be immediately generalized and used throughout the day. (2) Educational movement and walking activity programs were led by a fitness coach. (3) The creation of walking peers' social community with a strong and relevant impact on adults with ASD social life respecting every person's individuality. (4) Provision of social reinforcers to reduce the stigma of people with autism and the experienced perception of low self-esteem, especially when they are bullied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Keller
- Adult Autism Center, Mental Health Department ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Ardizzone
- Adult Autism Center, Mental Health Department ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Finardi
- Adult Autism Center, Mental Health Department ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Colella
- Adult Autism Center, Mental Health Department ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Lopez
- Adult Autism Center, Mental Health Department ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Nobile
- Adult Autism Center, Mental Health Department ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cicinelli
- Adult Autism Center, Mental Health Department ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
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8
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Ran Z, Gul A, Akbar A, Haider SA, Zeeshan A, Akbar M. Role of Gender-Based Emotional Intelligence in Corporate Financial Decision-Making. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:2231-2244. [PMID: 35002341 PMCID: PMC8721288 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s335022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Business competition is getting more intense nowadays, and corporate survival is getting harder; consequently, corporate managers have to make financial decisions in complex and globalized scenarios. As a result, in order to compete in today's global economy, businesses are contemplating incorporating behavioural components of human psychology into their decision-making processes. Corporations are masters of quantitative analysis, but they rarely pay attention to behavioural elements of organizational success. Emotional intelligence is important in many parts of life; therefore, it is crucial to look at its dimensions when it comes to corporate financial decision-making. METHODS A simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from 200 senior-level managers from the corporate sector located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad of Pakistan. SPSS version 22 was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS Results of the study show the gender-based variation in corporate financial decision-making detailing the higher impact of EI of males on CFD than their counterparts in the corporate sector organizations. The elements of self-awareness, empathy, motivation and self-regulation affect the financial decision-making of both the genders with varying degrees of influence, whereas social skills do not affect CFD of both genders. CONCLUSION The study findings explicate that the influence of self-awareness and empathy constructs of EI on corporate financial decisions is stronger in female managers than their male counterparts. However, male managers exhibit a significantly stronger influence of motivation, social skills, and self-regulation dimensions on their financial decisions compared to female managers in a corporate setting. Overall, the impact of EI on CFD is slightly higher in male managers. These empirical outcomes imply that organizations should assess the employees not only for technical skills but also based on their emotional intelligence during the recruitment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zou Ran
- Kunming LIH SkyCity Rehabilitation Hospital, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Education, Segi University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azeem Gul
- Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Akbar
- International Business School, Guangzhou City University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Syed Arslan Haider
- Department of Management, Sunway University Business School (SUBS), Sunway University, No 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Asma Zeeshan
- Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Minhas Akbar
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (Sahiwal Campus), Sahiwal, 5700, Pakistan
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Doi S, Kobayashi Y, Takebayashi Y, Mizokawa E, Nakagawa A, Mimura M, Horikoshi M. Associations of Autism Traits With Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms and Well-Being in Patients With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:697717. [PMID: 34393929 PMCID: PMC8360877 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the association of autism traits with long-term obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and well-being levels in patient with OCD. Participants comprised 18 outpatients from a tertiary hospital and 100 adults who were registered in a large Japanese internet marketing research company and met OCD criteria by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and were between the ages of 20 and 65 years. Clinical characteristics, autism trait assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), OCD symptoms assessed using Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and well-being assessed using the Flourishing Scale were assessed. Multiple regression analyses showed that a greater total score of AQ, a greater subscale score "imagination" was associated with a greater score of Y-BOCS. Greater total score of AQ, a greater subscale score "social skill," and "imagination" were associated with lower well-being score. Autism traits, especially lack of imagination, were associated with more severe OCD symptoms. Further, autism traits, especially social skill problems and lack of imagination, were associated with lower levels of well-being. Assessment of autism traits before treatment and a strategy designed for OCD patients with autism traits may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takebayashi
- Department of Health Risk Communication, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Atsuo Nakagawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Horikoshi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohara R, Kanejima Y, Kitamura M, P. Izawa K. Association between Social Skills and Motor Skills in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2019; 10:276-296. [PMID: 34542485 PMCID: PMC8314246 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social communication and motor skill deficits are prevalent characteristics of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This systematic research review investigates whether and how broad social skills and motor skills may be related among individuals with ASD. We performed a PubMed search of articles written in English, using these study inclusion criteria: (a) an association between social and motor and skills among individuals previously diagnosed with autism; (b) one or more social skills measures were used; and (c) one or more measures of gross or fine motor skills were used. We classified data into two categories, and we based the association of these variables on correlation coefficients, p-values, coefficients of determination, and authors' description of "may be associated" and "may not be associated." Despite heterogeneity among these relevant studies, a highly likely association between social and motor skills emerged. Of a total of 16 studies reviewed, 12 reported associations between these skill sets. Three studies reported that fine motor skills had a stronger relationship with social skills than did gross motor skills. Among the gross motor skills associated with social skills, object control skills seemed most closely linked to social skills. Among fine motor skills, manual dexterity seemed to most closely related to social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Ohara
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, Japan;
- Cardiovascular stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Yuji Kanejima
- Cardiovascular stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Cardiovascular stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kokura Rehabilitation College, Kitakyushu 800-0206, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro P. Izawa
- Cardiovascular stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-796-4566
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Wei SH, Cao J, Mi T, Feng JR, Liao J. [Development of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder and related influencing factors]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2019; 21:77-81. [PMID: 30675868 PMCID: PMC7390176 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the development of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related influencing factors. METHODS A total of 889 children with ASD in 10 cities of China were enrolled as subjects. The Autism Social Skills Scale was used to assess their social skills. RESULTS The children with ASD had a lower score of each factor than the theoretical median, with the lowest score for social communication and the highest score for self-regulation. There were significant differences in the total score of social skills and the scores of social cognition and social participation between the children with ASD in different age groups (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in the total score of social skills and the scores of social orientation, social communication, social participation, and self-regulation between the ASD children with different language levels (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Children with ASD have low social skills, and their social skills are associated with age and language level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Hong Wei
- Faculty of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Komeda H, Kosaka H, Fujioka T, Jung M, Okazawa H. Do Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders Help Other People With Autism Spectrum Disorders? An Investigation of Empathy and Helping Motivation in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:376. [PMID: 31231254 PMCID: PMC6558937 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often lack cognitive empathy, so they experience difficulty in empathizing with others. Although deficits in social abilities, such as empathy, have been demonstrated in previous studies, most stimuli used in previous studies were developed for typically developing (TD) individuals. Previous studies have demonstrated that adults with and without ASD display empathetic responses toward similar others. Adults with ASD (n = 22, 7 women and 15 men, mean age = 26.8 years) and intelligence- and age-matched TD adults (n = 20, 8 women and 12 men, mean age = 24.0 years) participated in the study. They were instructed to read 24 stories (12 stories featured protagonists with characteristics of ASD, and the other 12 featured TD protagonists) and respond to the following questions: "How did the protagonist feel?" and "Would you help if the protagonist were in trouble?" After controlling for alexithymia and AQ based on multiple regression analyses, individuals with ASD empathize with other people who have ASD and are motivated to help other people with ASD. Additionally, social skills and attention to detail were associated with decreased helping motivation for story characters with ASD. Social skills among AQ subscales (social skills, attention switching, attention to detail, communication, and imagination) were the most potent predictor of decreased helping motivation. These findings suggest that the reason why individuals with ASD are considered to have limited cognitive empathy and helping motivation could be related to alexithymia and the lack of social skills and attention to detail, which are related to atypical perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Komeda
- Department of Education, College of Education, Psychology and Human Studies, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kosaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Toru Fujioka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Minyoung Jung
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Okazawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Division of Medical Imaging, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Connell T, Paterson J, Roberts RM, Raghavendra P, Sawyer M, Russo RN. Clinician modifiable factors associated with better quality of life in children with acquired brain injury undergoing rehabilitation. Brain Inj 2018; 32:423-430. [PMID: 29364024 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1429661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify clinician-modifiable factors related to quality of life (QOL) in children with acquired brain injury (ABI). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Thirty-nine children attending an ABI rehabilitation program (5-18 years) were assessed using the Personality Inventory for Children-2, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-2, Handicap-Related Problems for Parents Inventory and Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was completed by children and parents six months later. RESULTS Children with lower levels of internalising and externalising behaviours, health and social skill problems, and higher family functioning had significantly higher levels of total QOL (child and parent rated) (r = -.47 to -.79). In addition, children with higher levels of adaptive behaviour had significantly higher parent rated total QOL (r = .46). Measures of mother's stressors had moderate but not statistically significant relationships with the child's total QOL (r = -.31 to -.35). There were moderate and statistically significant relationships between measures of participation in physical activities and total QOL as rated by children (r = .42-.48) but not parents (r = .11-.30). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest potential targets to be investigated in future clinical research in rehabilitation following ABI in children to optimise QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Connell
- a Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Rachel M Roberts
- c Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Michael Sawyer
- c Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,e Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Remo N Russo
- e Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, Australia.,f College of Medicine and Public Health , Bedford Park, Australia
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Abstract
Social-cognitive deficits differentiate parents with the "broad autism phenotype" from non-broad autism phenotype parents more robustly than other neuropsychological features of autism, suggesting that this domain may be particularly informative for identifying genetic and brain processes associated with the phenotype. The current study examined whether the social-cognitive deficits associated with the broad autism phenotype extend to the general population and relate to reduced social skill. A total of 74 undergraduates completed the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire, three standardized social-cognitive tasks, and a live social interaction with an unfamiliar research assistant. Social broad autism phenotype traits were significantly associated with deficits in social cognition and reduced social skill. In addition, the relationship between social broad autism phenotype traits and social skill was partially mediated by social cognition, suggesting that the reduced interpersonal ability associated with the broad autism phenotype occurs in part because of poorer social-cognitive ability. Together, these findings indicate that the impairments in social cognition and social skill that characterize autism spectrum disorder extend in milder forms to the broad autism phenotype in the general population and suggest a framework for understanding how social broad autism phenotype traits may manifest in diminished social ability.
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Taborsky B, Arnold C, Junker J, Tschopp A. The early social environment affects social competence in a cooperative breeder. Anim Behav 2012; 83-330:1067-1074. [PMID: 22536004 PMCID: PMC3328768 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Social competence is defined as the ability of an animal to optimize the expression of social behaviour as a function of the available social information. The social environment encountered early in life can affect the expression of various social behaviours later in life. We investigated whether early social experience can affect social competence. In the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher, we tested whether individuals reared with older brood-caring conspecifics persistently perform better in a series of tasks (1) simulating different social contexts, (2) assigning individuals different social roles and (3) exposing them to an unknown social situation. Fish that had been reared together with older conspecifics showed more appropriate behaviours both as winners (more aggressive displays) and as losers (more submissive displays) when aggressively competing with peers over a resource, and when trying to be accepted as subordinate group member and prospective brood care helper by an unfamiliar dominant pair (more submissive displays near shelters), a situation they had never encountered before. In both tasks fish that had grown up with older fish were tolerated better by conspecifics than fish reared with same-age siblings only. We detected effects of the early environment on social behaviour in the juvenile and adult stages of the test fish. Our results suggest that growing up in more complex social groups fosters a general social ability (i.e. social competence) in N. pulcher that improves their performance across different social roles and contexts, and which may provide fitness benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Taborsky
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Arnold
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Julian Junker
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Tschopp
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
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Li J, Tian M, Fang H, Xu M, Li H, Liu J. Extraversion predicts individual differences in face recognition. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:295-8. [PMID: 20798810 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.4.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In daily life, one of the most common social tasks we perform is to recognize faces. However, the relation between face recognition ability and social activities is largely unknown. Here we ask whether individuals with better social skills are also better at recognizing faces. We found that extraverts who have better social skills correctly recognized more faces than introverts. However, this advantage was absent when extraverts were asked to recognize non-social stimuli (e.g., flowers). In particular, the underlying facet that makes extraverts better face recognizers is the gregariousness facet that measures the degree of inter-personal interaction. In addition, the link between extraversion and face recognition ability was independent of general cognitive abilities. These findings provide the first evidence that links face recognition ability to our daily activity in social communication, supporting the hypothesis that extraverts are better at decoding social information than introverts.
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Gibson CM, Penn DL, Prinstein MJ, Perkins DO, Belger A. Social skill and social cognition in adolescents at genetic risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2010; 122:179-84. [PMID: 20570111 PMCID: PMC3132072 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents at genetic high risk (GHR) for schizophrenia have shown social skill impairments and there is some evidence to suggest they have Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits; however no research has used a standardized, performance-based behavioral measure to assess social functioning in this population nor evaluated ToM with a well-validated measure. We evaluated the psychometric properties of a new, theoretically-derived assessment of social functioning in GHR adolescents: the "High-Risk Social Challenge" task (HiSoC). The second aim was to explore whether GHR adolescents would show social skill and ToM deficits as compared to a non-psychiatric control (NPC) group. The present study evaluated social functioning with the HiSoC and ToM with the Eyes Test in 23 GHR adolescents and 31 NPCs. The HiSoC demonstrated high levels of reliability and validity. The GHR adolescents showed social skill impairments, but not ToM deficits. The results suggest that the HiSoC is a potentially useful new measure of social functioning in GHR adolescents. Furthermore, the findings add to the current body of literature that indicates that social skill impairments are related to schizophrenia vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M. Gibson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Corresponding Author: Clare Marks Gibson, M.A., Department of Psychology, CB #3270, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270,
| | - David L. Penn
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Abstract
The 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is among the most frequent gene deletion disorders, occurring once in every 6,000 live births. Descriptive reports have suggested marked social differences in affected children. Empirical studies are needed to verify possible social skills deficits among children with 22q11DS, and also to examine possible associations between their frequently reported executive function deficits and social anomalies. Fifty-two parents of affected children (n = 52) and participating control siblings (n=26) completed the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) and Behavior Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). When compared with control siblings, children with 22q11DS had significantly lower SSRS ratings for Cooperation, Assertion, Responsibility, and Self-Control. Affected children had significantly higher BRIEF ratings for Initiation, Planning, Working Memory, and Monitoring. In affected children, global Social Skill was negatively correlated with BRIEF Global Composite scores. Initiation and Monitoring significantly predicted Social Skill. Children with 22q11DS have marked differences in social skill development which are associated with executive dysfunction.
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