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Borgese L, Tomasoni G, Marciano F, Zacco A, Bilo F, Stefana E, Cocca P, Rossi D, Cirelli P, Ciribini ALC, Comai S, Mastrolembo Ventura S, Savoldi Boles M, Micheletti D, Cattivelli D, Galletti S, Dubacq S, Perrone MG, Depero LE. Definition of an Indoor Air Sampling Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Risk Management: Case Study in Kindergartens. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:7406. [PMID: 35742654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last two years, the world has been overwhelmed by SARS-CoV-2. One of the most important ways to prevent the spread of the virus is the control of indoor conditions: from surface hygiene to ventilation. Regarding the indoor environments, monitoring the presence of the virus in the indoor air seems to be promising, since there is strong evidence that airborne transmission through infected droplets and aerosols is its dominant transmission route. So far, few studies report the successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air; moreover, the lack of a standard guideline for air monitoring reduces the uniformity of the results and their usefulness in the management of the risk of virus transmission. In this work, starting from a critical analysis of the existing standards and guidelines for indoor air quality, we define a strategy to set-up indoor air sampling plans for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The strategy is then tested through a case study conducted in two kindergartens in the metropolitan city of Milan, in Italy, involving a total of 290 children and 47 teachers from 19 classrooms. The results proved its completeness, effectiveness, and suitability as a key tool in the airborne SARS-CoV-2 infection risk management process. Future research directions are then identified and discussed.
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Zhou Q, Li W, Zhao S, Li Q, Shi Q, Wang Z, Liu H, Liu X, Estill J, Luo Z, Li Q, Yang K, Liu E, Chen Y. Guidelines for the Management of Children and Adolescent with COVID-19: protocol for an update. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:177-182. [PMID: 33633950 PMCID: PMC7882303 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a constant threat to people's lives, bringing huge challenges to the global public health and medical service system. In order to ensure the timeliness and reliability of the recommendations in guidelines, the working group of the Rapid Advice Guidelines for Management of Children with COVID-19 decided to update the guideline to incorporate the latest evidence to guide the management of COVID-19 in children and adolescent. METHODS We will update the guidelines, originally developed as a rapid advice guideline, into a standard guideline. We will follow the clinical practice guideline (CPG) update manuals of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). The updated guidelines will also follow the RIGHT (Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare) checklist and Checklist for the Reporting of Updated Guidelines (CheckUp). DISCUSSION Through systematic search, evaluation and grading of the best available relevant clinical evidence, combined with the experience of frontline clinical experts in the fight against the epidemic and the wishes of patients and their caretakers, we will update our previous rapid advice guidelines into a high-quality, implementable standard guidelines for the management of COVID-19 in children and adolescent. TRIAL REGISTRATION The standard guideline update has been registered at the International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform (http://guidelines-registry.cn/?lang=en, registration No. IPGRP-2020CN101).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Siya Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianling Shi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Janne Estill
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China.,GIN Asia, Lanzhou, China.,Chinese GRADE Centre, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou University, an Affiliate of the Cochrane China Network, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China.,GIN Asia, Lanzhou, China.,Chinese GRADE Centre, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou University, an Affiliate of the Cochrane China Network, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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