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Salim FA, Postma DBW, Haider F, Luz S, van Beijnum BJF, Reidsma D. Enhancing volleyball training: empowering athletes and coaches through advanced sensing and analysis. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1326807. [PMID: 38689871 PMCID: PMC11058639 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1326807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern sensing technologies and data analysis methods usher in a new era for sports training and practice. Hidden insights can be uncovered and interactive training environments can be created by means of data analysis. We present a system to support volleyball training which makes use of Inertial Measurement Units, a pressure sensitive display floor, and machine learning techniques to automatically detect relevant behaviours and provides the user with the appropriate information. While working with trainers and amateur athletes, we also explore potential applications that are driven by automatic action recognition, that contribute various requirements to the platform. The first application is an automatic video-tagging protocol that marks key events (captured on video) based on the automatic recognition of volleyball-specific actions with an unweighted average recall of 78.71% in the 10-fold cross-validation setting with convolution neural network and 73.84% in leave-one-subject-out cross-validation setting with active data representation method using wearable sensors, as an exemplification of how dashboard and retrieval systems would work with the platform. In the context of action recognition, we have evaluated statistical functions and their transformation using active data representation besides raw signal of IMUs sensor. The second application is the "bump-set-spike" trainer, which uses automatic action recognition to provide real-time feedback about performance to steer player behaviour in volleyball, as an example of rich learning environments enabled by live action detection. In addition to describing these applications, we detail the system components and architecture and discuss the implications that our system might have for sports in general and for volleyball in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim A. Salim
- Digitalization Group, Irish Manufacturing Research, Mullingar, Ireland
| | - Dees B. W. Postma
- Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Fasih Haider
- School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Saturnino Luz
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dennis Reidsma
- Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Crawley JAH, Nandar H, Zaw HT, Lahdenperä M, Franco dos Santos DJ, Seltmann MW, Brown JL, Goodsell RM, Oo ZM, Htut W, Nyein UK, Aung HH, Lummaa V. Asian elephant calf physiology and mahout perspectives during taming in Myanmar. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231172. [PMID: 38601029 PMCID: PMC11004675 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A quarter of Asian elephants are captive, with greater than 90% of these tamed and cared for by handlers (mahouts) in Asia. Although taming is a much-discussed welfare issue, no studies to our knowledge have empirically assessed its impact on calves, and dialogue surrounding taming often lacks perspectives of those involved. Here, we interviewed mahouts involved in taming and monitored five physiological measures (faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs), serum cortisol, glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L)) over the first 10 days of taming and following six months in 41 calves undergoing taming and 16 control individuals. These measures assess the duration and intensity of stress during taming. Interviews suggested mahouts had major concerns for their safety when discussing changing taming practices, an important consideration for future management. Calf physiological measures were elevated by 50-70% (FGMs/cortisol/glucose), 135% (H:L) and greater than 500% (CK) over the first few days of taming, indicative of elevated stress, not seen to the same extent in control adults. Some measures stabilized sooner (glucose/cortisol/CK/FGM: 7-10 days) than others (H:L: one-two months), indicating mostly acute stress. Our findings inform the welfare of approximately 15 000 captive elephants around the world. Future studies should compare taming in different populations and consider calf and mahout welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hnin Nandar
- Myanma Timber Enterprise, Yangon11011, Myanmar
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, , Yunnan650023, People's Republic of China
| | - Htet T. Zaw
- Myanma Timber Enterprise, Yangon11011, Myanmar
| | - Mirkka Lahdenperä
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku20014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku20521, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku20521, Finland
| | | | | | - Janine L. Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA22630, USA
| | - Robert M. Goodsell
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, UK
- Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm 4011418, Sweden
| | - Zaw M. Oo
- Myanma Timber Enterprise, Yangon11011, Myanmar
| | - Win Htut
- Myanma Timber Enterprise, Yangon11011, Myanmar
| | - U. K. Nyein
- Myanma Timber Enterprise, Yangon11011, Myanmar
| | | | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku20014, Finland
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Li W, Liu Y, Deng J, Wang T. Basketball specific agility: A narrative review of execution plans and implementation effects. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37124. [PMID: 38335413 PMCID: PMC10860980 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and evaluation aim to comprehensively overview current international advanced basketball specialized agility training methods. The primary objective is to analyze and synthesize existing literature, offering insights and guidance to enhance agility training levels specifically tailored for basketball players. Methods involved a systematic literature search using keywords like "Basketball," "Agility," and "Training" in major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO), covering studies from 2010 to 2022. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing advanced agility training methods for basketball players. Data extraction and analysis were conducted to identify key trends and outcomes. A total of 563 articles were initially identified, and after reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts, 20 articles were ultimately selected, excluding those with inconsistent outcome measures or unavailable full texts. The findings suggest that plyometric training, comprehensive speed training, and equipment-assisted training methods (SSG, TRX, Bulgarian ball, etc) have demonstrated effectiveness in improving agility indicators in basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Li
- School of Sports Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- School of Sports Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Deng
- School of Sports Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Sports Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ma W, Zhu L, Tang J, Diao W, Qian L, Feng X, Zhang X. Testing the knowledge of Alzheimer's disease via an intervention study among community health service center staff in Jiaxing, China. Front Public Health 2023; 10:969653. [PMID: 36777777 PMCID: PMC9911520 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.969653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the knowledge status of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among community health service center (CHSC) staff in Jiaxing, China, and to compare the effects of online with offline training. Methods A total of 763 people from 12 community health service centers were investigated using a self-created general situation questionnaire and the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). Among the participants, 261 people who were willing to receive training were randomly divided into two groups according to the institution in which they worked to receive online or offline training, respectively. Results The average ADKS score was 19.77, and the awareness rate was 65.92%; the results for every field were as follows: treatment and management (81.32%); life impact (77.76%); disease course (75.23%); assessment and diagnosis (68.94%); risk factors (65.05%); symptoms (57.90%); caregiving (44.06%). Education and profession had impacts on the total ADKS scores (P < 0.05). A total of 261 people participated in the training, and there were significant differences in ADKS scores before and after training (P < 0.05). Before the training, there was no significant difference in ADKS score between the two groups; after the training, either (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the ADKS scores after training in both groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Community health service center staff in Jiaxing had limited knowledge of AD, particularly in the "symptom" and "caregiving" dimensions. One instance of training on AD-related knowledge to some degree helped to improve this but still fell short of meeting the national requirements. No significant differences were found between offline and online training effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of General Practice, Jiabei Street Community Health Service Center, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiangang Tang
- Department of General Practice, Jiabei Street Community Health Service Center, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wanli Diao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqi Qian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Zhang ✉
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Rotimi O, Haymes A, Dodds I, Bhutta M. Comparative validity of three simulation platforms for objective assessment of otoscopy skills. Clin Otolaryngol 2022; 48:423-429. [PMID: 36507713 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the face, construct and content validity of three different platforms for otoscopy skills assessment, using a traditional otoscope with manikin, digital otoscope (Tympahealth) with manikin, and traditional otoscope with a low-cost model ear (SimEar). DESIGN Prospective mixed methods study. SETTING Tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS Postgraduate trainees and expert assessors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Face and Content validity based on expert assessor ranking on each model and their feedback from semi-structured interviews. Construct validity based on Objective Structured Clinical Examination scores. RESULTS Each platform differed in face, construct and content validity scores, with no one platform consistently outperforming others. Three main themes were identified during thematic analysis of expert assessor interviews: ability to assess what is seen, anatomical reality, and ease of use. The low-cost model showed greatest potential, where modification to include a silicone ear could lead to high validity with marginal increase in cost. CONCLUSION Several modalities for assessing otoscopy skills exist, each with advantages and disadvantages. Modifications to a low-cost model, for use with either a traditional or digital otoscope, could prove to be the best model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oloruntobi Rotimi
- ENT Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Adam Haymes
- ENT Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Isobel Dodds
- ENT Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Mahmood Bhutta
- ENT Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital Trust, Brighton, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Tang W, Deng H, Yin S. CPMF-Net: Multi-Feature Network Based on Collaborative Patches for Retinal Vessel Segmentation. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9210. [PMID: 36501911 PMCID: PMC9736046 DOI: 10.3390/s22239210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an important basis of clinical diagnosis, the morphology of retinal vessels is very useful for the early diagnosis of some eye diseases. In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning technology, automatic segmentation methods based on it have made considerable progresses in the field of retinal blood vessel segmentation. However, due to the complexity of vessel structure and the poor quality of some images, retinal vessel segmentation, especially the segmentation of Capillaries, is still a challenging task. In this work, we propose a new retinal blood vessel segmentation method, called multi-feature segmentation, based on collaborative patches. First, we design a new collaborative patch training method which effectively compensates for the pixel information loss in the patch extraction through information transmission between collaborative patches. Additionally, the collaborative patch training strategy can simultaneously have the characteristics of low occupancy, easy structure and high accuracy. Then, we design a multi-feature network to gather a variety of information features. The hierarchical network structure, together with the integration of the adaptive coordinate attention module and the gated self-attention module, enables these rich information features to be used for segmentation. Finally, we evaluate the proposed method on two public datasets, namely DRIVE and STARE, and compare the results of our method with those of other nine advanced methods. The results show that our method outperforms other existing methods.
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Paulus CM, Meinken S. The effectiveness of empathy training in health care: a meta-analysis of training content and methods. Int J Med Educ 2022; 13:1-9. [PMID: 35092671 PMCID: PMC8995011 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.61d4.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The meta-analysis examined the question of whether empathy training is effective in health care and whether specific training content and methods can be found to account for its effectiveness. METHODS We included 13 out of 50 studies (total N = 1315) that fulfilled the search criteria. R version 4.0.5 with the esc, meta, metafor, and dmetar packages and SPSS28 were used to conduct the meta-analysis based on the random-effects model. The effect sizes were calculated using Hedge`s g, and heterogeneity was tested using Cochran's Q. In addition, the multicollinearity of the moderators was checked. RESULTS The overall effect size (Hedge´s g = 0.58, s = 0.10, p = 0.00) indicated a moderate effect of empathy training. There was a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 76.9%, Q = 84.82, p=0.00), thus we examined whether individual training methods have influenced effect sizes, which could not be confirmed (F (8,4) = 0.98, p = 0.55). The same applied to the training contents (F (6,6) = 0.27, p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that empathy training could be effective. This confirmed previous findings and supported the use of such training. However, according to our results, no significant moderators could be found, i.e., the training contents or methods did not contribute to the effect sizes. For meaningful findings, a comparison of different training components should definitely be made, and it should be investigated whether empathy training spread over a period of time is more effective and sustainable than one-time training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M. Paulus
- Faculty of Empirical Human Sciences and Economics, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Saskia Meinken
- Faculty of Empirical Human Sciences and Economics, Saarland University, Germany
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Uzun K, Goktas S. The effect of training given using three different methods on genital hygiene behaviours after medical curettage. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:1504-1511. [PMID: 34994291 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.2008888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effect of genital hygiene training given with three different methods after medical curettage on genital hygiene behaviours. A randomised semi-experimental study was performed with 90 patients who underwent medical curettage at a university hospital in Turkey. The participants were divided into three equal groups: verbal training, training with written materials, and demonstration only. Data was collected using the Patient Information Form and the Genital Hygiene Behaviour Scale. There was no difference between mean pre-training and post-training Genital Hygiene Behaviours Scale total and sub-dimension scores in the verbal group (p > .05). There was a difference between the groups after the training between the mean total and sub-dimensions of the Genital Hygiene Behaviour Scale scores (p < .05). The study findings showed that the demonstration method in genital hygiene training given to participants who underwent medical curettage was more effective in improving genital hygiene behaviours than other methods.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? It is seen that verbal education alone is not effective in providing and developing genital hygiene behaviours. Although studies are investigating the effectiveness of education on genital hygiene behaviours of women, there is no study investigating the effectiveness of education methods.What do the results of this study add? The demonstration method for the development of genital hygiene behaviours is more effective than verbal and written education methods.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of training methods for the development of genital hygiene behaviours. Nurses' preference for demonstration methods in genital hygiene education programs may contribute to the protection and development of health by facilitating the teaching of correct health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonay Goktas
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
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González-Frutos P, Aguilar-Navarro M, Morencos E, Mallo J, Veiga S. Relationships between Strength and Step Frequency with Fatigue Index in Repeated Sprint Ability. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:ijerph19010196. [PMID: 35010456 PMCID: PMC8750594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Force-velocity profile (FVP) and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) tests are indicators of physical capacities in most team sport players. The purpose of this study was to examine the stride kinematics during a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test and to analyze the relationship between Bosco's force-velocity profile (FVP) and RSA performance in elite female field hockey players. Thirteen elite-female players performed both RSA (six 30 m maximal sprints) and jumping (CMJ weighted and body weight) tests. Sprinting time fatigue indexes during a 30 m RSA test were correlated with step frequency fatigue indexes (r > 0.7; p < 0.01). CMJ50 showed a large relationship with sprint time fatigue indexes. FV50 showed a very large relationship with sprint time fatigue indexes (r > 0.7; p < 0.01), and a large relationship with the step frequency fatigue indexes (r > 0.5; p < 0.05). This study highlighted two possible ways to improve fatigue indexes in RSA, with the aim of maximizing the distances covered at high-intensities during the matches: (a) strength training and (b) focusing on step frequency during speed training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo González-Frutos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.-N.); (E.M.)
| | - Millán Aguilar-Navarro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.-N.); (E.M.)
| | - Esther Morencos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.-N.); (E.M.)
| | - Javier Mallo
- Sports Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Santiago Veiga
- Sports Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.); (S.V.)
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Gilardi L, Marino M, Fubini L, Bena A, Ferro E, Santoro S, Tosco E, Pasqualini O. The Community of Practice: A Method for Cooperative Learning of Occupational Health and Safety Inspectors. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:1254-68. [PMID: 34698169 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Workplace injuries in Italy still occur despite laws and safety norms. We need to understand the causes rooted in the context and social conditions, and need to improve the practice of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) inspectors of the Workplace Safety and Prevention Services (WSPS) of the Italian regional health boards. The aims of this study were to describe the setting up of a Community of Practice (CoP) for the production of best practices for injury prevention and to evaluate the motivation of OSH inspectors for participating in the CoP and the effects of CoP participation on their professional practice. Methods: Two workplace injury stories underwent peer review during each CoP meeting. We evaluated the CoP using a focus group and a questionnaire. Result: Between 2014 and 2021, the CoP met in 18 workshops. Over the 8-year period, the CoP grew from 20 to 150 participants. Overall, 30 stories underwent peer review and were published on the institutional website. The focus group participants stated that the reasons why they participated in the CoP were the need to share experience and to tackle new challenges. Conclusion: The CoP was found to be useful for improving professional practice by strengthening professional identity and contributing to the production of new knowledge.
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Varović D, Žganjer K, Vuk S, Schoenfeld BJ. Drop-Set Training Elicits Differential Increases in Non-Uniform Hypertrophy of the Quadriceps in Leg Extension Exercise. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:119. [PMID: 34564324 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to compare the effects of drop set resistance training (RT) versus traditional RT on markers of maximal muscle strength and regional hypertrophy of the quadriceps femoris. Sixteen recreationally active young men had one leg randomly assigned to the drop-set method (DS) and the other to training in a traditional manner (TRAD). Participants performed unilateral seated leg extensions using a periodized approach for eight weeks. Rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness (MT), estimated one repetition maximum (RM) in the unilateral knee extension, and peak and average isokinetic knee extension torque at 60°/s angular velocity were measured pre- and post-study. Both conditions increased muscle thickness of the RF and VL from pre- to post-intervention. DS showed statistically greater increases in the RF at 30% and 50% of muscle length, whereas no MT differences were detected at 70% muscle length nor at any aspect of the VL. Both DS and TRAD increased estimated one RM from pre- to post-study (+34.6% versus +32.0%, respectively) with no between-condition differences noted. Both conditions showed similar increases in peak torque (DS: +21.7%; TRAD: +22.5%) and average torque (DS: +23.6%; TRAD: +22.5%) from pre- to post-study. Our findings indicate a potential benefit of the drop-set method for inducing non-uniform hypertrophic gains in the RF muscle pursuant to leg extension training. The strategy did not promote an advantage in improving hypertrophy of the VL, nor in strength-related measures, compared to traditional training.
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Turrini A, Catasta G, Censi L, Comendador Azcarraga FJ, D'Addezio L, Ferrari M, Le Donne C, Martone D, Mistura L, Pettinelli A, Piccinelli R, Saba A, Sette S, Barbina D, Guerrera D, Carbone P, Mazzaccara A. Corrigendum: A Dietary Assessment Training Course Path: The Italian IV SCAI Study on Children Food Consumption. Front Public Health 2021; 9:708291. [PMID: 34178936 PMCID: PMC8220605 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.708291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Turrini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovina Catasta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura D'Addezio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Ferrari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Martone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Mistura
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Pettinelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaela Piccinelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Saba
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sette
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Barbina
- Servizio Formazione-Presidenza, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Guerrera
- Servizio Formazione-Presidenza, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Carbone
- Servizio Formazione-Presidenza, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Mazzaccara
- Servizio Formazione-Presidenza, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Haddad M, Abbes Z, Mujika I, Chamari K. Impact of COVID-19 on Swimming Training: Practical Recommendations during Home Confinement/Isolation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4767. [PMID: 33947100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe effects on communities globally, leading to significant restrictions on all aspects of society, including in sports. Several significant decisions were made to postpone or cancel major swimming events by FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation). Swimmers were no longer allowed to continue their usual training in swimming pools and were confined to their homes. These unusual circumstances may represent a good opportunity to strengthen different areas of swimmer preparation and potentially enhance performance when resuming regular aquatic training. We searched major databases for relevant information, and the present article provides practical information on home-based training for swimmers of all ages. The COVID-19 crisis and its consequences on the swimming community have created a myriad of challenges for swimmers around the world, including maintaining their fitness level and preparing to return optimally and safely to pool training and competitions. Unfortunately, the mental consequences that might arise after the pandemic may also have an impact. We strongly recommend encouraging the swimmers to consider quarantine as an opportunity for development in specific areas of preparation and learn how to best cope with this special situation of self-isolation and/or "physical distancing" for their mental health and in case a similar situation is faced again in the future.
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Turrini A, Catasta G, Censi L, Comendador Azcarraga FJ, D'Addezio L, Ferrari M, Le Donne C, Martone D, Mistura L, Pettinelli A, Piccinelli R, Saba A, Sette S, Barbina D, Guerrera D, Carbone P, Mazzaccara A. A Dietary Assessment Training Course Path: The Italian IV SCAI Study on Children Food Consumption. Front Public Health 2021; 9:590315. [PMID: 33777877 PMCID: PMC7994926 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.590315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The eating patterns in a population can be estimated through dietary surveys in which open-ended assessment methods, such as diaries and interviews, or semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires are administered. A harmonized dietary survey methodology, together with a standardized operational procedure, in conducting the study is crucial to ensure the comparability of the results and the accuracy of information, thus reducing uncertainty and increasing the reliability of the results. Dietary patterns (i) include several target variables (foods, energy and nutrients, other food components), (ii) require several explanatory variables (age, gender, anthropometric measurements, socio-cultural and economic characteristics, lifestyle, preferences, attitudes, beliefs, organization of food-related activities, etc.), and (iii) have impacts in several domains: imbalance diets; acute and chronic exposures affect health, specifically non-communicable diseases; and then sanitary expenditure. On the other hand, food demand has impacts on the food system: production, distribution, and food services system; food wastes and other wastes generated by food-related activities of the households (e.g., packaging disposal) have consequences on the “health of the planet” which in turn can have effects on human health. Harmonization and standardization of measurement methods and procedures in such a complex context require an ad hoc structured information system made by databases (food nomenclatures, portion sizes, food atlas, recipes) and methodological tools (quantification methods, food coding systems, assessment of nutritional status, data processing to extrapolate what we consider validated dietary data). Establishing a community of professionals specialized in dietary data management could lead to build a surveillance system for monitoring eating habits in the short term, thus reducing costs, and to arrange a training re-training system. Creating and maintaining the dietary data managers community is challenging but possible. In this context, the cooperation between the CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition and the Italian National Health Institute (ISS) promoted and supported by the Italian Ministry of Health may represent a model of best practice that can ensure a continuous training for the professional community carrying out a nutritional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Turrini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovina Catasta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura D'Addezio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Ferrari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Martone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Mistura
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Pettinelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaela Piccinelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Saba
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sette
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Barbina
- Servizio Formazione - Presidenza, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Guerrera
- Servizio Formazione - Presidenza, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Carbone
- Servizio Formazione - Presidenza, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Mazzaccara
- Servizio Formazione - Presidenza, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Nasser I, Perez RDM, Reis MS, Dias I, Willardson JM, Miranda H. Cardiovascular Acute Effects of Traditional vs. Paired Set Resistance Training in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. Res Q Exerc Sport 2020; 91:630-639. [PMID: 31999503 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1696013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study compared the acute effects of two different resistance training methods on heart rate variability, blood pressure, and rating of perceived exertion in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: Ten patients with Child-Pugh A (seven women and three men) participated in two experimental sessions, in random order: The traditional set condition consisted of three sets of six exercises performed in a sequential manner, while the paired set condition consisted of alternating sets between two exercises (three pairs of exercises). Ten repetitions were performed for each set with 70% of a 10 repetition maximum load and with 2 min rest between sets. Blood pressure and heart rate variability were assessed pre-workout and for 60 min post-workout. The rating of perceived exertion was assessed at the end of the third set for each exercise. Results: Significant alterations in heart rate variability were observed when considering the lowest value obtained during recovery, in which the SDNN was reduced in both the traditional set and paired set conditions, as well as the root mean square of standard deviation for the traditional set condition (p < .05). Additionally, for the paired set condition, there was a significant reduction in the HFnu band and a significant increase in the LFnu band (p < .05). Effect size showed reductions in diastolic and mean blood pressure until 30 min in a small magnitude for traditional sets. Conclusion: Similar cardiovascular responses were observed between methods eliciting normal physiological responses within safe limits for patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhong M, Liu H, Wu C, Gao X, Xia Z, Ma W. Comparison of Repeated Video Display vs Combined Video Display and Live Demonstration as Training Methods to Healthcare Providers for Donning and Doffing Personal Protective Equipment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2325-2335. [PMID: 33154684 PMCID: PMC7605971 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s267514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lack of training in personal protective equipment (PPE) donning and doffing is hindering the current fight against the COVID-19 worldwide. In order to enable medical staff to learn how to don and doff PPE faster and more effectively, we compared two training methods of PPE donning and doffing. Methods Participants in this study were 48 health care workers randomly divided into two groups. Group A watched a 10-minute demonstration (demo) video four times, while Group B watched the same 10-minute demo video twice and then watched a 10-minute live demo twice. The 40-minute learning time was the same for both groups. A 29-step examination was held after the training was completed. The examination scores of Groups A and B were recorded according to a checklist containing PPE donning and doffing steps . The time spent by the participants on PPE donning and doffing, their satisfaction with the training, and their confidence in donning and doffing PPE accurately were analyzed. Results The average score of Group B was higher than that Group A, with a mean (SD) of 94.92 (1.72) vs 86.63 (6.34), respectively (P<0.001). The average time spent by Group B was shorter than that spent by Group A, with a mean (SD) of 17.67 (1.01) vs 21.75 (1.82), respectively (P<0.001). The satisfaction and confidence of Group B were higher than those of Group A (P<0.001). Conclusion Compared with repeated video display, combined video display and live demonstration are more suitable training methods for donning and doffing PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Caineng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhua Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Heidarzadeh H, Heidarzadeh Z, Azadi A. Comparison of pre-hospital triage training by role playing and lecture on nursing students' knowledge, attitude and performance. Nurs Open 2020; 7:935-942. [PMID: 32587711 PMCID: PMC7308685 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective of this study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of two methods of role playing and lecture on knowledge, attitude and performance of nursing' students in the context of pre-hospital triage. Design This was a pre-test-posttest quasi-experimental study. Methods A total of 66 nursing students (third year) were assigned to two groups, the control group (N = 23) and intervention group (N = 23). START pre-hospital triage was taught to two groups by using a lecture (control group) and role playing (intervention group) method. Immediately before the intervention and 4 weeks after the training, students' knowledge, attitude and practice in both groups were assessed through a questionnaire and a checklist. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 21. Results The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge, attitude and performance increased after intervention in both groups (p < .05). The mean (SD) difference of total performance score from baseline to follow-up in the experimental group and the control group was 23.91 (13.83) and 7.00 (13.20), respectively (p < .001). While there was no significant difference between the mean (SD) difference of knowledge and attitude scores in the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention (p > .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Heidarzadeh
- Department of NursingFaculty of Nursing and MidwiferyIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | | | - Arman Azadi
- Department of NursingFaculty of Nursing and MidwiferyIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
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18
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Pacholek M, Zemková E. Effect of Two Strength Training Models on Muscle Power and Strength in Elite Women's Football Players. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:E42. [PMID: 32235425 PMCID: PMC7240489 DOI: 10.3390/sports8040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates changes in power and strength after implementing two different models of 9-week strength training in elite women's football players. A group of 13 players (age 20.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass 57.2 ± 3.7 kg, height 163.6 ± 5.3 cm, VO2max 45.2 ± ml/min) underwent either a complex (the intermittent load type) or combined (the maximal strength and dynamic method) model of training. The training load was tailored to each athlete. Results showed that the complex model of training improved power (10 W/kg, p = 0.006) and height of vertical jump (5.3 cm, p = 0.001), weight of 1 Repeat Maximum (1RM) which was (5.8 kg, p = 0.015), power and speed in the acceleration phase of barbell half squats (BHS) at weights from 20 to 60 kg, and the number of repetitions in BHS (10.3%, p = 0.012). The combined model of training improved the time of shuttle run (0.44 s, p = 0.000), weight of 1RM in BHS (9.6kg, p = 0.000) and BP (4 kg, p = 0.000), power in the acceleration phase of BHS at weights from 50 to 60 kg, the number of repetitions in BP (14.3%, p = 0.000), BHS (9.4%, p = 0.002), barbell bench pulls (11.9%, p = 0.002) and sit-ups (7.7%, p = 0.001). These findings indicate that the complex model of training improves explosive abilities, whereas the combined model is effective for developing strength at weights close to players' 1RM and for repeatedly overcoming resistance. Therefore, coaches should choose the training model based on the needs of individual players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pacholek
- Physical Education Department, College of Applied and Supporting Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erika Zemková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81469 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Lanzotti A, Vanacore A, Tarallo A, Nathan-Roberts D, Coccorese D, Minopoli V, Carbone F, d'Angelo R, Grasso C, Di Gironimo G, Papa S. Interactive tools for safety 4.0: virtual ergonomics and serious games in real working contexts. Ergonomics 2020; 63:324-333. [PMID: 31648616 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1683603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an innovative safety training method based on digital ergonomics simulations and serious games, which are games that focus on education. Digital ergonomics is intended to disseminate the culture of safety among workers, while serious games are used to train the operators on specific safety procedures and verify their skills. The results of the experimentation in a real industrial environment showed that, compared to the traditional training methodology, multimedia contents and quantitative ergonomic analyses improve the level of attention and the awareness of the workers about their own safety. However, serious games turned out to be promising training tools with regard to standard operating procedures that are usually difficult or dangerous to simulate in a real working scenario without stopping production. Practitioner summary: Digital ergonomics and serious games are used to disseminate the culture of safety among the workers and for safety training. Our results show that the proposed methodology improves the level of attention and provides a better feedback about the actual skills of the workers than the standard educational strategies. Abbreviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lanzotti
- Fraunhofer Joint Lab IDEAS, DII - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Vanacore
- Fraunhofer Joint Lab IDEAS, DII - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarallo
- Fraunhofer Joint Lab IDEAS, DII - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dan Nathan-Roberts
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | | | - Valerio Minopoli
- Fraunhofer Joint Lab IDEAS, DII - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Fraunhofer Joint Lab IDEAS, DII - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Di Gironimo
- Fraunhofer Joint Lab IDEAS, DII - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Fraunhofer Joint Lab IDEAS, DII - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Contreras B, Delcastillo K, Alto A, Haun C, De Souza EO, Vigotsky AD. To Flex or Rest: Does Adding No-Load Isometric Actions to the Inter-Set Rest Period in Resistance Training Enhance Muscular Adaptations? A Randomized-Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1571. [PMID: 32009980 PMCID: PMC6974452 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) combined with no-load isometric actions (iso-holds) during the inter-set recovery period versus RT that involves passive inter-set rest on muscular strength, muscular hypertrophy, and muscular endurance in resistance-trained men. Twenty-seven resistance-trained male volunteers were randomly assigned to either a traditional group (TRAD) that performed a hypertrophy-oriented RT routine with the rest intervals spent passively (n = 13) or to a group that supplemented traditional RT with iso-holds (ISO) for the working muscle group between each set (n = 14). Training for both routines consisted of three weekly sessions performed for 8 weeks. Three sets of 8–12 repetitions were performed per exercise. A 2-min rest interval was afforded between sets; the ISO group performed iso-holds for the first 30 s of each rest interval and then recovered for the final 90 s. Maximal strength was assessed using the one repetition maximum (1RM) tests in the leg press and bench press. Upper-body muscle endurance was assessed by performing the bench press to failure at 50% of 1RM. Muscle thickness (MT) of the elbow flexors, elbow extensors, mid-thigh, and lateral thigh was assessed using B-mode ultrasound. Results indicated a favorable effect of ISO on MT in the mid-thigh. Alternatively, there was a possible detrimental effect for ISO on leg press strength. No other notable differences were seen between conditions. In conclusion, the use of inter-set iso-holds may be a time-efficient strategy to enhance development of the quadriceps femoris; conversely, it may be detrimental to maximizing lower body strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bret Contreras
- Sport Performance Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth Delcastillo
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Alto
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Cody Haun
- Department of Exercise Science, LaGrange College, LaGrange, GA, United States
| | - Eduardo O De Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Andrew D Vigotsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Sedaghat-Nejad E, Herzfeld DJ, Hage P, Karbasi K, Palin T, Wang X, Shadmehr R. Behavioral training of marmosets and electrophysiological recording from the cerebellum. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1502-1517. [PMID: 31389752 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00389.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a promising new model for study of neurophysiological basis of behavior in primates. Like other primates, it relies on saccadic eye movements to monitor and explore its environment. Previous reports have demonstrated some success in training marmosets to produce goal-directed actions in the laboratory. However, the number of trials per session has been relatively small, thus limiting the utility of marmosets as a model for behavioral and neurophysiological studies. In this article, we report the results of a series of new behavioral training and neurophysiological protocols aimed at increasing the number of trials per session while recording from the cerebellum. To improve the training efficacy, we designed a precisely calibrated food regulation regime that motivates the subjects to perform saccade tasks, resulting in ~1,000 reward-driven trials on a daily basis. We then developed a multichannel recording system that uses imaging to target a desired region of the cerebellum, allowing for simultaneous isolation of multiple Purkinje cells in the vermis. In this report, we describe 1) the design and surgical implantation of a computer tomography (CT)-guided, subject-specific head post, 2) the design of a CT- and MRI-guided alignment tool for trajectory guidance of electrodes mounted on an absolute encoder microdrive, 3) development of a protocol for behavioral training of subjects, and 4) simultaneous recordings from pairs of Purkinje cells during a saccade task.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Marmosets present the opportunity to investigate genetically based neurological disease in primates, in particular, diseases that affect social behaviors, vocal communication, and eye movements. All of these behaviors depend on the integrity of the cerebellum. We present training methods that better motivate the subjects, allowing for improved performance, and we also present electrophysiological techniques that precisely target the subject's cerebellum, allowing for simultaneous isolation of multiple Purkinje cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sedaghat-Nejad
- Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David J Herzfeld
- Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul Hage
- Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kaveh Karbasi
- Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tara Palin
- Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Laboratory for Auditory Neurophysiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reza Shadmehr
- Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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LaFollette MR, Rodriguez KE, Ogata N, O'Haire ME. Military Veterans and Their PTSD Service Dogs: Associations Between Training Methods, PTSD Severity, Dog Behavior, and the Human-Animal Bond. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:23. [PMID: 30805353 PMCID: PMC6378910 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Psychiatric service dogs are increasingly being sought out by military veterans as a complementary intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After receiving a service dog, many veterans continue training their service dog at home. Our objective was to explore the associations between training methods, PTSD severity, service dog behavior, and the veteran-service dog bond in a population of military veterans with PTSD. Methods: Post-9/11 military veterans with PTSD who had received a psychiatric service dog were recruited from a national service dog provider. A total of 111 veterans (M = 40.1 ± 8.3 years, 80% male) participated in an online survey regarding frequency of training methods, PTSD symptom severity, service dog behavior, and the human-animal bond. Service dogs were predominately Labrador Retriever purebreds or mixes of various breeds (66% male) and mostly obtained from shelters or rescues (58%). Training methods were divided into five categories: positive reinforcement (e.g., physical praise), negative punishment (e.g., ignoring the dog), positive punishment (e.g., verbal correction), dominance (e.g., alpha roll), and bond-based (e.g., co-sleeping). Data were analyzed using general linear models. Results: Veterans self-reported using all five categories of training methods at least once a month. More frequent use of positive punishment was associated with less closeness with their service dog (p = 0.02), more fear (p = 0.003), less eye contact (p < 0.0001), and less trainability (p = 0.04). More frequent use of positive reinforcement was associated with higher closeness to their service dog (p = 0.002) and perceived increased attachment behavior (p = 0.002) and playfulness (p = 0.002). More frequent use of bond-based methods was associated with higher closeness to their service dog (p = 0.02). PTSD severity was not significantly associated with reported dog behavior, temperament, or veteran-service dog closeness. Conclusion: Military veterans with PTSD service dogs reported using many training methods that were associated with different outcomes. In general, the reported use of positive reinforcement or bond-based training methods were associated with reporting more positive outcomes while the reported use of positive punishment was associated with reporting more negative outcomes. Educating service dog organizations and recipients about the impacts of training methods could be beneficial for service dog efficacy and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R LaFollette
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kerri E Rodriguez
- Center for the Human-Animal Bond, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Niwako Ogata
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Marguerite E O'Haire
- Center for the Human-Animal Bond, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Bjerrum AS, Eika B, Charles P, Hilberg O. Distributed practice. The more the merrier? A randomised bronchoscopy simulation study. Med Educ Online 2016; 21:30517. [PMID: 27172423 PMCID: PMC4864846 DOI: 10.3402/meo.v21.30517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The distribution of practice affects the acquisition of skills. Distributed practice has shown to be more effective for skills acquisition than massed training. However, it remains unknown as to which is the most effective distributed practice schedule for learning bronchoscopy skills through simulation training. This study compares two distributed practice schedules: One-day distributed practice and weekly distributed practice. METHOD Twenty physicians in training were randomly assigned to one-day distributed or weekly distributed bronchoscopy simulation practice. Performance was assessed with a pre-test, a post-test after each practice session, and a 4-week retention test using previously validated simulator measures. Data were analysed with repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS No interaction was found between group and test (F(4,72) <1.68, p>0.16), except for the measure 'percent-segments-entered', and no main effect of group was found for any of the measures (F(1,72)< 0.87, p>0.36), which indicates that there was no difference between the learning curves of the one-day distributed practice schedule and the weekly distributed practice schedule. DISCUSSION We found no difference in effectiveness of bronchoscopy skills acquisition between the one-day distributed practice and the weekly distributed practice. This finding suggests that the choice of bronchoscopy training practice may be guided by what best suits the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Bjerrum
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Berit Eika
- Rector's Office, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peder Charles
- Centre for Health Sciences Education, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Čichoň R, Maszczyk A, Stastny P, Uhlíř P, Petr M, Doubrava O, Mostowik A, Gołaś A, Cieszczyk P, Żmijewski P. Effects of Krankcycle Training on Performance and Body Composition in Wheelchair Users. J Hum Kinet 2015; 48:71-8. [PMID: 26834875 PMCID: PMC4721625 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation in training equipment is important for increasing training effectiveness, performance and changes in body composition, especially in wheelchair users with paraplegia. The main objective of a workout session is to induce an adaptation stimulus, which requires overload of involved muscles by voluntary effort, yet this overload may be highly influenced by the size of the spinal cord lesion. Krancykl construction is designed to allow exercise on any wheelchair and with adjustable height or width of crank handles, where even the grip handle may be altered. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in body composition, performance and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in paraplegics with a different level of paralyses after a 12 week training programme of a unilateral regime on Krankcycle equipment (a crank machine). The study sample included four men and one women at a different spine lesion level. The 12 weeks programme was successfully completed by four participants, while one subject got injured during the intervention process. Three participants were paraplegics and one was quadriplegic with innervation of the biceps humeri, triceps humeri and deltoideus. The Krankcycle 30 min programme was followed by four other exercises, which were performed after themselves rather than in a circuit training manner as the latter would result in much longer rest periods between exercises, because paraplegics have to be fixed by straps during exercise on hydraulic machines. The RPE after the workout decreased following the twelve week adaptation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Čichoň
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Laboratory of Extreme Loading
| | - Adam Maszczyk
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - Petr Stastny
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Laboratory of Extreme Loading
| | - Petr Uhlíř
- Palacky University in Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Tr. Miru 115, post. 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Laboratory of Extreme Loading
| | - Ondřej Doubrava
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Laboratory of Extreme Loading
| | - Aleksandra Mostowik
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Gołaś
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Cieszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Poland
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