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Migliaccio AR. A Novel Megakaryocyte Subpopulation Poised to Exert the Function of HSC Niche as Possible Driver of Myelofibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:3302. [PMID: 34943811 PMCID: PMC8699046 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful morphological investigations, coupled with experimental hematology studies in animal models and in in vitro human cultures, have identified that platelets are released in the circulation by mature megakaryocytes generated by hematopoietic stem cells by giving rise to lineage-restricted progenitor cells and then to morphologically recognizable megakaryocyte precursors, which undergo a process of terminal maturation. Advances in single cell profilings are revolutionizing the process of megakaryocytopoiesis as we have known it up to now. They identify that, in addition to megakaryocytes responsible for producing platelets, hematopoietic stem cells may generate megakaryocytes, which exert either immune functions in the lung or niche functions in organs that undergo tissue repair. Furthermore, it has been discovered that, in addition to hematopoietic stem cells, during ontogeny, and possibly in adult life, megakaryocytes may be generated by a subclass of specialized endothelial precursors. These concepts shed new light on the etiology of myelofibrosis, the most severe of the Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, and possibly other disorders. This perspective will summarize these novel concepts in thrombopoiesis and discuss how they provide a framework to reconciliate some of the puzzling data published so far on the etiology of myelofibrosis and their implications for the therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; or amigliaccio.altius.org
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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2
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Sehrawat A, Shiota C, Mohamed N, DiNicola J, Saleh M, Kalsi R, Zhang T, Wang Y, Prasadan K, Gittes GK. SMAD7 enhances adult β-cell proliferation without significantly affecting β-cell function in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4858-4869. [PMID: 32122971 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling proteins, SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) and 3 (SMAD3), and the TGF-β-inhibiting SMAD, SMAD7, seems to play a vital role in proper pancreatic endocrine development and also in normal β-cell function in adult pancreatic islets. Here, we generated conditional SMAD7 knockout mice by crossing insulin1Cre mice with SMAD7fx/fx mice. We also created a β cell-specific SMAD7-overexpressing mouse line by crossing insulin1Dre mice with HPRT-SMAD7/RosaGFP mice. We analyzed β-cell function in adult islets when SMAD7 was either absent or overexpressed in β cells. Loss of SMAD7 in β cells inhibited proliferation, and SMAD7 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation. However, alterations in basic glucose homeostasis were not detectable following either SMAD7 deletion or overexpression in β cells. Our results show that both the absence and overexpression of SMAD7 affect TGF-β signaling and modulates β-cell proliferation but does not appear to alter β-cell function. Reversible SMAD7 overexpression may represent an attractive therapeutic option to enhance β-cell proliferation without negative effects on β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Nada Mohamed
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Julia DiNicola
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Ranjeet Kalsi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - George K Gittes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
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3
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Maity S, Muhamed J, Sarikhani M, Kumar S, Ahamed F, Spurthi KM, Ravi V, Jain A, Khan D, Arathi BP, Desingu PA, Sundaresan NR. Sirtuin 6 deficiency transcriptionally up-regulates TGF-β signaling and induces fibrosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:415-434. [PMID: 31744885 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction has been associated with increased life span and reduced aging-related disorders and reduces fibrosis in several diseases. Fibrosis is characterized by deposition of excess fibrous material in tissues and organs and is caused by aging, chronic stress, injury, or disease. Myofibroblasts are fibroblast-like cells that secrete high levels of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in fibrosis. Histological studies have identified many-fold increases of myofibroblasts in aged organs where myofibroblasts are constantly generated from resident tissue fibroblasts and other cell types. However, it remains unclear how aging increases the generation of myofibroblasts. Here, using mouse models and biochemical assays, we show that sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) deficiency plays a major role in aging-associated transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in tissue fibrosis. Our findings suggest that SIRT6-deficient fibroblasts transform spontaneously to myofibroblasts through hyperactivation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in a cell-autonomous manner. Importantly, we noted that SIRT6 haploinsufficiency is sufficient for enhancing myofibroblast generation, leading to multiorgan fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in mice during aging. Mechanistically, SIRT6 bound to and repressed the expression of key TGF-β signaling genes by deacetylating SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and Lys-9 and Lys-56 in histone 3. SIRT6 binding to the promoters of genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway decreased significantly with age and was accompanied by increased binding of SMAD3 to these promoters. Our findings reveal that SIRT6 may be a potential candidate for modulating TGF-β signaling to reduce multiorgan fibrosis during aging and fibrosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Maity
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Jaseer Muhamed
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), Bengaluru, Karnataka 562110, India
| | - Mohsen Sarikhani
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shweta Kumar
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Faiz Ahamed
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Kondapalli Mrudula Spurthi
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Danish Khan
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Bangalore Prabhashankar Arathi
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Lab #SB-02, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.
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4
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Zeng Y, Gao T, Huang W, Yang Y, Qiu R, Hou Y, Yu W, Leng S, Feng D, Liu W, Teng X, Yu H, Wang Y. MicroRNA-455-3p mediates GATA3 tumor suppression in mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15808-15825. [PMID: 31492753 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA3 is a basic and essential transcription factor that regulates many pathophysiological processes and is required for the development of mammary luminal epithelial cells. Loss-of-function GATA3 alterations in breast cancer are associated with poor prognosis. Here, we sought to understand the tumor-suppressive functions GATA3 normally performs. We discovered a role for GATA3 in suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer by activating miR-455-3p expression. Enforced expression of miR-455-3p alone partially prevented EMT induced by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) both in cells and tumor xenografts by directly inhibiting key components of TGF-β signaling. Pathway and biochemical analyses showed that one miRNA-455-3p target, the TGF-β-induced protein ZEB1, recruits the Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to the promotor region of miR-455 to strictly repress the GATA3-induced transcription of this microRNA. Considering that ZEB1 enhances TGF-β signaling, we delineated a double-feedback interaction between ZEB1 and miR-455-3p, in addition to the repressive effect of miR-455-3p on TGF-β signaling. Our study revealed that a feedback loop between these two axes, specifically GATA3-induced miR-455-3p expression, could repress ZEB1 and its recruitment of NuRD (MTA1) to suppress miR-455, which ultimately regulates TGF-β signaling. In conclusion, we identified that miR-455-3p plays a pivotal role in inhibiting the EMT and TGF-β signaling pathway and maintaining cell differentiation. This forms the basis of that miR-455-3p might be a promising therapeutic intervention for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tianyang Gao
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yongqiang Hou
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shuai Leng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hefen Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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5
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Rosell-García T, Palomo-Álvarez O, Rodríguez-Pascual F. A hierarchical network of hypoxia-inducible factor and SMAD proteins governs procollagen lysyl hydroxylase 2 induction by hypoxia and transforming growth factor β1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14308-14318. [PMID: 31391253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that support the structural and biomechanical integrity of many tissues. Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) encodes the only lysyl hydroxylase (LH) isoform that specifically hydroxylates lysine residues in collagen telopeptides, a post-translational modification required for the formation of stabilized cross-links. PLOD2 expression is induced by hypoxia and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), well-known stimuli for the formation of a fibrotic ECM, which can lead to pathological fibrosis underlying several diseases. Here, using human and murine fibroblasts, we studied the molecular determinants underlying hypoxia- and TGF-β1-induced PLOD2 expression and its impact on collagen biosynthesis. Deletion mapping and mutagenesis analysis identified specific binding sites for hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and TGF-β1-activated SMAD proteins on the human PLOD2 gene promoter that were required for these stimuli to induce PLOD2 expression. Interestingly, our experiments also revealed that HIF signaling plays a preponderant role in the SMAD pathway, as intact HIF sites were absolutely required for TGF-β1 to exert its effect on SMAD-binding sites. We also found that silencing PLOD2 expression did not alter soluble collagen accumulation in the extracellular medium, but it effectively abolished the deposition into the insoluble collagen matrix. Taken together, our findings reveal the existence of a hierarchical relationship between the HIF and SMAD signaling pathways for hypoxia- and TGF-β1-mediated regulation of PLOD2 expression, a key event in the deposition of collagen into the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rosell-García
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (U.A.M.), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomo-Álvarez
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (U.A.M.), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (U.A.M.), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Kolliopoulos C, Raja E, Razmara M, Heldin P, Heldin CH, Moustakas A, van der Heide LP. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) induces NUAK kinase expression to fine-tune its signaling output. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4119-4136. [PMID: 30622137 PMCID: PMC6422081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ signaling via SMAD proteins and protein kinase pathways up- or down-regulates the expression of many genes and thus affects physiological processes, such as differentiation, migration, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, during developmental or adult tissue homeostasis. We here report that NUAK family kinase 1 (NUAK1) and NUAK2 are two TGFβ target genes. NUAK1/2 belong to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family, whose members control central and protein metabolism, polarity, and overall cellular homeostasis. We found that TGFβ-mediated transcriptional induction of NUAK1 and NUAK2 requires SMAD family members 2, 3, and 4 (SMAD2/3/4) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities, which provided immediate and early signals for the transient expression of these two kinases. Genomic mapping identified an enhancer element within the first intron of the NUAK2 gene that can recruit SMAD proteins, which, when cloned, could confer induction by TGFβ. Furthermore, NUAK2 formed protein complexes with SMAD3 and the TGFβ type I receptor. Functionally, NUAK1 suppressed and NUAK2 induced TGFβ signaling. This was evident during TGFβ-induced epithelial cytostasis, mesenchymal differentiation, and myofibroblast contractility, in which NUAK1 or NUAK2 silencing enhanced or inhibited these responses, respectively. In conclusion, we have identified a bifurcating loop during TGFβ signaling, whereby transcriptional induction of NUAK1 serves as a negative checkpoint and NUAK2 induction positively contributes to signaling and terminal differentiation responses to TGFβ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Kolliopoulos
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden and.,the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erna Raja
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masoud Razmara
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paraskevi Heldin
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden and.,the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden and.,the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden and .,the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars P van der Heide
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Kumar P, Smith T, Raeman R, Chopyk DM, Brink H, Liu Y, Sulchek T, Anania FA. Periostin promotes liver fibrogenesis by activating lysyl oxidase in hepatic stellate cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12781-12792. [PMID: 29941453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis arises from dysregulated wound healing due to persistent inflammatory hepatic injury. Periostin is a nonstructural extracellular matrix protein that promotes organ fibrosis in adults. Here, we sought to identify the molecular mechanisms in periostin-mediated hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis in periostin-/- mice was attenuated as evidenced by significantly reduced collagen fibril density and liver stiffness compared with those in WT controls. A single dose of carbon tetrachloride caused similar acute liver injury in periostin-/- and WT littermates, and we did not detect significant differences in transaminases and major fibrosis-related hepatic gene expression between these two genotypes. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major periostin-producing liver cell type. We found that in primary rat HSCs in vitro, periostin significantly increases the expression levels and activities of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) isoforms 1-3. Periostin also induced expression of intra- and extracellular collagen type 1 and fibronectin in HSCs. Interestingly, periostin stimulated phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, which was sustained despite short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor I and II, indicating that periostin-mediated SMAD2/3 phosphorylation is independent of TGFβ receptors. Moreover, periostin induced the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and AKT in HSCs. Notably, siRNA-mediated FAK knockdown failed to block periostin-induced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. These results suggest that periostin promotes enhanced matrix stiffness in chronic liver disease by activating LOX and LOXL, independently of TGFβ receptors. Hence, targeting periostin may be of therapeutic benefit in combating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
| | - Tekla Smith
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Reben Raeman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Daniel M Chopyk
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Hannah Brink
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Todd Sulchek
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Frank A Anania
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Hamamura K, Matsunaga N, Ikeda E, Kondo H, Ikeyama H, Tokushige K, Itcho K, Furuichi Y, Yoshida Y, Matsuda M, Yasuda K, Doi A, Yokota Y, Amamoto T, Aramaki H, Irino Y, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Alterations of Hepatic Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease via D-box-binding Protein Aggravate the Renal Dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4913-27. [PMID: 26728457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.696930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increase in serum retinol; however, the underlying mechanisms of this disorder are poorly characterized. Here, we found that the alteration of hepatic metabolism induced the accumulation of serum retinol in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) mice. The liver is the major organ responsible for retinol metabolism; accordingly, microarray analysis revealed that the hepatic expression of most CYP genes was changed in 5/6Nx mice. In addition, D-box-binding protein (DBP), which controls the expression of several CYP genes, was significantly decreased in these mice. Cyp3a11 and Cyp26a1, encoding key proteins in retinol metabolism, showed the greatest decrease in expression in 5/6Nx mice, a process mediated by the decreased expression of DBP. Furthermore, an increase of plasma transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in 5/6Nx mice led to the decreased expression of the Dbp gene. Consistent with these findings, the alterations of retinol metabolism and renal dysfunction in 5/6Nx mice were ameliorated by administration of an anti-TGF-β1 antibody. We also show that the accumulation of serum retinol induced renal apoptosis in 5/6Nx mice fed a normal diet, whereas renal dysfunction was reduced in mice fed a retinol-free diet. These findings indicate that constitutive Dbp expression plays an important role in mediating hepatic dysfunction under CKD. Thus, the aggravation of renal dysfunction in patients with CKD might be prevented by a recovery of hepatic function, potentially through therapies targeting DBP and retinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Hamamura
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan, the Drug Innovation Research Center, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Eriko Ikeda
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan, the Drug Innovation Research Center, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kondo
- the Center for Sleep Medicine, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Katafuchi, Nagasaki 850-0003, Japan
| | - Hisako Ikeyama
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Tokushige
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Itcho
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Yoko Furuichi
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsuda
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Cell-Innovator Inc., EC Building, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Atsushi Doi
- Cell-Innovator Inc., EC Building, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yokota
- the Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Fukui University, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Amamoto
- Neues Corporation, Tenyamachi-cho, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0025, Japan, and
| | - Hironori Aramaki
- the Drug Innovation Research Center, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan, the Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- the Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Division of Membrane Biology, and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- From the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8512, Japan,
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9
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Abstract
Type II cell differentiation and expression of the major surfactant protein, SP-A, in mid-gestation human fetal lung (HFL) are induced by cAMP and inhibited by TGF-β. cAMP induction of SP-A promoter activity is mediated by increased phosphorylation and DNA binding of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1/Nkx2.1), a master regulator of lung development. To further define mechanisms for developmental induction of surfactant synthesis in HFL, herein, we investigated the potential roles of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). To identify and characterize differentially regulated miRNAs in mid-gestation HFL explants during type II pneumocyte differentiation in culture, we performed miRNA microarray of RNA from epithelial cells isolated from mid-gestation HFL explants before and after culture with or without Bt2cAMP. Interestingly, the miR-200 family was significantly up-regulated during type II cell differentiation; miR-200 induction was inversely correlated with expression of known targets, transcription factors ZEB1/2 and TGF-β2. miR-200 antagonists inhibited TTF-1 and surfactant proteins and up-regulated TGF-β2 and ZEB1 expression in type II cells. Overexpression of ZEB1 in type II cells decreased DNA binding of endogenous TTF-1, blocked cAMP stimulation of surfactant proteins, and inhibited miR-200 expression, whereas cAMP markedly inhibited ZEB1/2 and TGF-β. Importantly, overexpression of ZEB1 or miR-200 antagonists in HFL type II cells also inhibited LPCAT1 and ABCA3, enzymes involved in surfactant phospholipid synthesis and trafficking, and blocked lamellar body biogenesis. Our findings suggest that the miR-200 family and ZEB1, which exist in a double-negative feedback loop regulated by TGF-β, serve important roles in the developmental regulation of type II cell differentiation and function in HFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Benlhabib
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
| | - Wei Guo
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
| | - Brianne M Pierce
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
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10
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Sun G, Hu Z, Min Z, Yan X, Guan Z, Su H, Fu Y, Ma X, Chen YG, Zhang MQ, Tao Q, Wu W. Small C-terminal Domain Phosphatase 3 Dephosphorylates the Linker Sites of Receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) to Ensure Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ)-mediated Germ Layer Induction in Xenopus Embryos. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17239-49. [PMID: 26013826 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ layer induction is one of the earliest events shortly after fertilization that initiates body formation of vertebrate embryos. In Xenopus, the maternally deposited transcriptional factor VegT promotes the expression of zygotic Nodal/Activin ligands that further form a morphogen gradient along the vegetal-animal axis and trigger the induction of the three germ layers. Here we found that SCP3 (small C-terminal domain phosphatase 3) is maternally expressed and vegetally enriched in Xenopus embryos and is essential for the timely induction of germ layers. SCP3 is required for the full activation of Nodal/Activin and bone morphogenetic protein signals and functions via dephosphorylation in the linker regions of receptor-regulated Smads. Consistently, the linker regions of receptor-regulated Smads are heavily phosphorylated in fertilized eggs, and this phosphorylation is gradually removed when embryos approach the midblastula transition. Knockdown of maternal SCP3 attenuates these dephosphorylation events and the activation of Nodal/Activin and bone morphogenetic protein signals after midblastula transition. This study thus suggested that the maternal SCP3 serves as a vegetally enriched, intrinsic factor to ensure a prepared status of Smads for their activation by the upcoming ligands during germ layer induction of Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanni Sun
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhirui Hu
- the Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheying Min
- the School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and
| | - Zhenpo Guan
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanxia Su
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Fu
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- the Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- the Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, the Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Qinghua Tao
- the School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,
| | - Wei Wu
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,
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