1
|
McCurdy CR, Sharma A, Smith KE, Veltri CA, Weiss ST, White CM, Grundmann O. An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom: uses, abuse potential, and future considerations. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:131-142. [PMID: 38217374 PMCID: PMC10846393 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2305798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) has generated substantial clinical and scientific interest as a complex natural product. Its predominant alkaloid mitragynine and several stereoisomers have been studied for activity in opioid, adrenergic, and serotonin receptors. While awaiting clinical trial results, the pre-clinical evidence suggests a range of potential therapeutic applications for kratom with careful consideration of potential adverse effects. AREAS COVERED The focus of this review is on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and potential drug-drug interactions of kratom and its individual alkaloids. A discussion on the clinical pharmacology and toxicology of kratom is followed by a summary of user surveys and the evolving concepts of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal associated with kratom use disorder. EXPERT OPINION With the increasing use of kratom in clinical practice, clinicians should be aware of the potential benefits and adverse effects associated with kratom. While many patients may benefit from kratom use with few or no reported adverse effects, escalating dose and increased use frequency raise the risk for toxic events in the setting of polysubstance use or development of a use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R McCurdy
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, FL, 32610, U.S.A
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, FL, 32610, U.S.A
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, FL, 32610, U.S.A
| | - Kirsten E. Smith
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21205, U.S.A
| | - Charles A. Veltri
- Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Glendale, AZ, 85308, U.S.A
| | - Stephanie T. Weiss
- Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Charles M. White
- University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, and Department of Pharmacy, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, U.S.A
| | - Oliver Grundmann
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, FL, 32610, U.S.A
- Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Glendale, AZ, 85308, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coscas S, Benyamina A. [Women and alcohol, the addictologist's point of view and treatment]. Rev Infirm 2023; 72:22-25. [PMID: 38071011 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Women have difficulty seeking help for alcohol-related problems. Shame and guilt are often present, which is why the caregiver must succeed in establishing a climate of trust so that things can be said, in order to best assess the impact of consumption and find alternatives. Treatment is often multidisciplinary. The nurse's role is essential, not only to identify drug use, but also to provide a link between the various players involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coscas
- Hôpital universitaire Paul-Brousse, AP-HP, 12, avenue Paul-Vaillant-Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Centre d'enseignement, de recherche et de traitement des addictions, Hôpital universitaire Paul-Brousse, Université Paris-Saclay, UR Psycomadd, 12, avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier B.P 200, 94804 Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kunchay S, Linden-Carmichael AN, Lanza ST, Abdullah S. Understanding Design Approaches and Evaluation Methods in mHealth Apps Targeting Substance Use: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e35749. [PMID: 35900813 PMCID: PMC9377467 DOI: 10.2196/35749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use and use disorders in the United States have had significant and devastating impacts on individuals and communities. This escalating substance use crisis calls for urgent and innovative solutions to effectively detect and provide interventions for individuals in times of need. Recent mobile health (mHealth)-based approaches offer promising new opportunities to address these issues through ubiquitous devices. However, the design rationales, theoretical frameworks, and mechanisms through which users' perspectives and experiences guide the design and deployment of such systems have not been analyzed in any prior systematic reviews. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we systematically review these approaches and apps for their feasibility, efficacy, and usability. Further, we evaluate whether human-centered research principles and techniques guide the design and development of these systems and examine how the current state-of-the-art systems apply to real-world contexts. In an effort to gauge the applicability of these systems, we also investigate whether these approaches consider the effects of stigma and privacy concerns related to collecting data on substance use. Lastly, we examine persistent challenges in the design and large-scale adoption of substance use intervention apps and draw inspiration from other domains of mHealth to suggest actionable reforms for the design and deployment of these apps. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, JMIR, and ACM Digital Library) were searched over a 5-year period (2016-2021) for articles evaluating mHealth approaches for substance use (alcohol use, marijuana use, opioid use, tobacco use, and substance co-use). Articles that will be included describe an mHealth detection or intervention targeting substance use, provide outcomes data, and include a discussion of design techniques and user perspectives. Independent evaluation will be conducted by one author, followed by secondary reviewer(s) who will check and validate themes and data. RESULTS This is a protocol for a systematic review; therefore, results are not yet available. We are currently in the process of selecting the studies for inclusion in the final analysis. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to assess real-world applicability, scalability, and use of human-centered design and evaluation techniques in mHealth approaches targeting substance use. This study is expected to identify gaps and opportunities in current approaches used to develop and assess mHealth technologies for substance use detection and intervention. Further, this review also aims to highlight various design processes and components that result in engaging, usable, and effective systems for substance use, informing and motivating the future development of such systems. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35749.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahiti Kunchay
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Ashley N Linden-Carmichael
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Stephanie T Lanza
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Saeed Abdullah
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vodovar D, Care W, Batisse A, Dufayet L. Vitamin B12 inactivation may not be the only cause of acquired peripheral neuropathy in chronic nitrous oxide users. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:356-357. [PMID: 34085309 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Vodovar
- Centre Antipoison de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal - Fédération de Toxicologie de l'AP-HP, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS-1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France.,UFR de médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Weniko Care
- Centre Antipoison de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal - Fédération de Toxicologie de l'AP-HP, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS-1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France.,Service de médecine interne, Hôpital d'instruction des armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Anne Batisse
- Centre d'addictovigilance de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal - AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurène Dufayet
- Centre Antipoison de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal - Fédération de Toxicologie de l'AP-HP, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS-1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France.,UFR de médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Médico-Judiciaire, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu - AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Brien P, Henke RM, Schaefer MB, Lin J, Creedon TB. Utilization of treatment by Medicaid enrollees with opioid use disorder and co-occurring substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 217:108261. [PMID: 32979735 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple substance use is common among adults who misuse opioids. Adverse consequences of drugs are more severe among multisubstance users than among single drug users. This study sought to determine whether adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) and at least one other substance use disorder (SUD) are less likely than adults with OUD only to receive certain services. METHODS We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using the IBM® MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid Database. We used logistic regression to measure associations between clinical characteristics and service utilization. The sample included non-Medicare-eligible adults aged 18-64 years with at least one claim in 2016 with a primary diagnosis of OUD who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid in 2016 and 2017. RESULTS Of the 58,745 Medicaid enrollees with an initial OUD diagnosis in 2016, 29,267 had one or more additional SUD diagnoses. In the year following diagnosis, these adults were less likely than adults with OUD only to receive OUD medication treatment (OR = 0.88, p < .0001). This was true for all specifically diagnosed co-occurring SUDS. Adults with OUD and a co-occurring SUD, however, were more likely than those with OUD only to use any type of high-intensity services. CONCLUSIONS Adults with OUD and at least one co-occurring SUD received more intensive services, which may reflect severity and lack of OUD medication treatment before misuse escalation. Programs should account for barriers to connecting these individuals to appropriate OUD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy O'Brien
- IBM Watson Health, 5425 Hollister Avenue, Suite 140, Santa Barbara, CA 93111, USA.
| | | | | | - Janice Lin
- IBM Watson Health, 7700 Old Georgetown Road, Suite 650, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Timothy B Creedon
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1035 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matsumoto T, Kawabata T, Okita K, Tanibuchi Y, Funada D, Murakami M, Usami T, Yokoyama R, Naruse N, Aikawa Y, Furukawa A, Komatsuzaki C, Hashimoto N, Fujita O, Umemoto A, Kagaya A, Shimane T. Risk factors for the onset of dependence and chronic psychosis due to cannabis use: Survey of patients with cannabis-related psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:332-341. [PMID: 32896111 PMCID: PMC7722680 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of the current study was to identify risk factors that affect the onset of dependence and chronic psychosis due to cannabis use. METHODS We examined clinical genetic factors, psychiatric disorders prior to cannabis use, starting age of cannabis use, duration and frequency of cannabis use, types of cannabis products used, combined use of other psychoactive substances, and the psychiatric diagnosis of 71 patients with cannabis-related psychiatric disorders who underwent treatment at nine mental health hospitals in Japan. Information was collected from cross-sectional interview surveys conducted by each patient's attending psychiatrist. RESULTS For the diagnosis of dependence syndrome due to the use of cannabis, we found associations with the number of years of cannabis use and the use of cannabis products with a high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. However, we found no association between diagnosis of residual and late-onset psychotic disorders and clinical genetic factors, presence of preceding psychiatric disorders, duration and frequency of cannabis use, starting age of cannabis use, or combined use of other psychoactive substances; an association was found only for the absence of use of cannabis products other than dried cannabis. CONCLUSION The onset of cannabis dependence was related to long-term cannabis use and the use of cannabis products with a high THC content. However, chronic psychosis was not associated with total THC intake or psychiatric vulnerability. Thus, unknown factors appear to be involved in the onset of chronic psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Drug Dependence ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental HealthKodairaJapan
- Center HospitalNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | | | - Kyoji Okita
- Department of Drug Dependence ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental HealthKodairaJapan
- Center HospitalNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of Clinical NeuroimagingIntegrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Yuko Tanibuchi
- Department of Drug Dependence ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental HealthKodairaJapan
- Center HospitalNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Daisuke Funada
- Department of Drug Dependence ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental HealthKodairaJapan
- Center HospitalNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Maki Murakami
- Department of Drug Dependence ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental HealthKodairaJapan
- Center HospitalNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Takashi Usami
- Department of Drug Dependence ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental HealthKodairaJapan
- Center HospitalNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Rie Yokoyama
- Department of PsychiatryKaisei HospitalKasamaJapan
| | - Nobuya Naruse
- Department of PsychiatrySaitama Prefectural Psychiatric HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Yuzo Aikawa
- Department of PsychiatrySaitama Prefectural Psychiatric HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | | | - Chie Komatsuzaki
- Department of PsychiatryIbaraki Prefectural Medical Center of PsychiatryKasamaJapan
| | - Nozomu Hashimoto
- Department of PsychiatryOkayama Psychiatric Medical CenterOkayamaJapan
| | - Osamu Fujita
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka Psychiatric Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Aiko Umemoto
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka Psychiatric Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Ariyuki Kagaya
- KONUMA Memorial Institute of Addiction and Mental HealthSenogawa HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Takuya Shimane
- Department of Drug Dependence ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental HealthKodairaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rozgonjuk D, Sindermann C, Elhai JD, Montag C. Comparing Smartphone, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat: Which Platform Elicits the Greatest Use Disorder Symptoms? Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2020; 24:129-134. [PMID: 32907403 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, smartphone and social networking services (SNS) use have received a great amount of scholarly attention regarding their potentially addictive effects. Conceptualized as smartphone or SNS use disorder, research has consistently demonstrated relations with daily-life impairments. However, Smartphone Use Disorder (SmUD), WhatsApp Use Disorder (WAUD), Facebook Use Disorder (FBUD), Instagram Use Disorder (IGUD), or Snapchat Use Disorder (SCUD) scores have not been compared with each other. This comparison could provide insight into which device/platform could be most related to daily-life impairments. The effective sample of this study comprised 439 German-speaking individuals (age M = 25.08, SD = 9.74; 271 women) who reported actively using a smartphone, as well as WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat, and responded to the respective use disorder scales. Within-subjects analysis of variance and post hoc tests (p values adjusted with the Holm method) were used to compare smartphone and SNS use disorder scale scores. The results suggest that SmUD scores are highest in comparison with other SNS platforms. Although WAUD and IGUD scores did not differ from each other, these scores were higher than for FBUD and SCUD. SCUD scores were higher than FBUD scores. These results provide novel insight into how the smartphone and different SNSs may relate to engagement in problematic digital technology use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cornelia Sindermann
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Degenhardt L, Glantz M, Bharat C, Peacock A, Lago L, Sampson N, Kessler RC. The impact of cohort substance use upon likelihood of transitioning through stages of alcohol and cannabis use and use disorder: Findings from the Australian National Survey on Mental Health and Wellbeing. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:546-556. [PMID: 29505682 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS We used population-level Australian data to estimate prevalence, age of onset and speed of transitions across stages of alcohol and cannabis use, abuse and dependence, and remission from disorder, and consider the potential impacts that an individual's age cohort's level of substance use predicted transitions into and out of substance use. DESIGN AND METHODS Data on use, DSM-IV use disorders, and remission from these disorders were collected from participants (n = 8463) in the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence (95% confidence interval) of alcohol use, regular use, abuse and dependence were 94.1% (93.3-94.8%), 64.5% (62.9-66.2%), 18.7% (17.4-19.9%) and 4.0% (3.4-4.6%). Lifetime prevalence of cannabis use, abuse and dependence were 19.8% (18.6-20.9%), 4.4% (3.8-5.0%) and 1.9% (1.5-2.4%). Among those with the disorder, rates of remission from cannabis abuse, alcohol abuse, cannabis dependence and alcohol dependence were 90.5% (87.4-93.6%), 86.2% (83.8-88.7%), 79.6% (71.1-88.1%) and 53.8% (46.6-61.0%). Increases in the estimated proportion of people in the respondent's age cohort who used alcohol/cannabis as of a given age were significantly associated with most transitions from use through to remission beginning at the same age. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Clear associations were documented between cohort-level prevalence of substance use and personal risk of subsequent transitions of individuals in the cohort from use to greater substance involvement. This relationship remained significant over and above associations involving the individual's age of initiation. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the causal pathways into and out of problematic substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meyer Glantz
- Department of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Chrianna Bharat
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luise Lago
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nancy Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|