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Ma X, Takahashi Y, Wu W, Chen J, Dehdarani M, Liang W, Shin YH, Benyajati S, Ma JX. Soluble very low-density lipoprotein receptor (sVLDLR) inhibits fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22058. [PMID: 34820908 PMCID: PMC9131420 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101334r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Subretinal fibrosis is a key pathological feature in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD). Previously, we identified soluble very low‐density lipoprotein receptor (sVLDLR) as an endogenous Wnt signaling inhibitor. This study investigates whether sVLDLR plays an anti‐fibrogenic role in nAMD models, including Vldlr−/− mice and laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We found that fibrosis factors including P‐Smad2/3, α‐SMA, and CTGF were upregulated in the subretinal area of Vldlr−/− mice and the laser‐induced CNV model. The antibody blocking Wnt co‐receptor LRP6 significantly attenuated the overexpression of fibrotic factors in these two models. Moreover, there was a significant reduction of sVLDLR in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) in the laser‐induced CNV model. A transgenic strain (sVLDLR‐Tg) with sVLDLR overexpression in the IPM was generated. Overexpression of sVLDLR ameliorated the profibrotic changes in the subretinal area of the laser‐induced CNV model. In addition, Wnt and TGF‐β signaling synergistically promoted fibrogenesis in human primary retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated LRP6 gene knockout (KO) attenuated this synergistic effect. The disruption of VLDLR expression promoted, while the overexpression of sVLDLR inhibited TGF‐β‐induced fibrosis. These findings suggest that overactivated Wnt signaling enhances the TGF‐β pathway in subretinal fibrosis. sVLDLR confers an antifibrotic effect, at least partially, through the inhibition of Wnt signaling and thus, has therapeutic potential for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Marcus Dehdarani
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wentao Liang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Young-Hwa Shin
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Siribhinya Benyajati
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Jang MK, Han YR, Nam JS, Han CW, Kim BJ, Jeong HS, Ha KT, Jung MH. Protective Effects of Alisma orientale Extract against Hepatic Steatosis via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26151-65. [PMID: 26540043 PMCID: PMC4661803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Alisma orientale Juzepzuk is a traditional medicinal herb for diuretics, diabetes, hepatitis, and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of the tuber of Alisma orientale (MEAO) against ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro and in vivo. MEAO inhibited the tunicamycin-induced increase in luciferase activity of ER stress-reporter constructs containing ER stress response element and ATF6 response element. MEAO significantly inhibited tunicamycin-induced ER stress marker expression including GRP78, CHOP, and XBP-1 in tunicamycin-treated Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and the livers of tunicamycin-injected mice. It also inhibited tunicamycin-induced accumulation of cellular triglyceride. Similar observations were made under physiological ER stress conditions such as in palmitate (PA)-treated HepG2 cells and the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. MEAO repressed hepatic lipogenic gene expression in PA-treated HepG2 cells and the livers of HFD obese mice. Furthermore, MEAO repressed very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) expression and improved ApoB secretion in the livers of tunicamycin-injected mice or HFD obese mice as well as in tunicamycin or PA-treated HepG2 cells. Alismol, a guaiane-type sesquiterpenes in Alisma orientale, inhibited GRP78 expression in tunicamycin-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, MEAO attenuates ER stress and prevents hepatic steatosis pathogenesis via inhibition of expression of the hepatic lipogenic genes and VLDLR, and enhancement of ApoB secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Jang
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Ran Han
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Jeong Soo Nam
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Chang Woo Han
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8468; Fax: +82-51-510-8437
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Wu J, Strawn TL, Luo M, Wang L, Li R, Ren M, Xia J, Zhang Z, Ma W, Luo T, Lawrence DA, Fay WP. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibits angiogenic signaling by uncoupling vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2-αVβ3 integrin cross talk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:111-20. [PMID: 25378411 PMCID: PMC4270947 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) regulates angiogenesis via effects on extracellular matrix proteolysis and cell adhesion. However, no previous study has implicated PAI-1 in controlling vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. We tested the hypothesis that PAI-1 downregulates VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activation by inhibiting a vitronectin-dependent cooperative binding interaction between VEGFR-2 and αVβ3. APPROACH AND RESULTS We studied effects of PAI-1 on VEGF signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PAI-1 inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells grown on vitronectin, but not on fibronectin or collagen. PAI-1 inhibited the binding of VEGFR-2 to β3 integrin, VEGFR-2 endocytosis, and intracellular signaling pathways downstream of VEGFR-2. The anti-VEGF effect of PAI-1 was mediated by 2 distinct pathways, one requiring binding to vitronectin and another requiring binding to very low-density lipoprotein receptor. PAI-1 inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 promoted collateral arteriole development and recovery of hindlimb perfusion after femoral artery interruption. CONCLUSIONS PAI-1 inhibits activation of VEGFR-2 by VEGF by disrupting a vitronectin-dependent proangiogenic binding interaction involving αVβ3 and VEGFR-2. These results broaden our understanding of the roles of PAI-1, vitronectin, and endocytic receptors in regulating VEGFR-2 activation and suggest novel therapeutic strategies for regulating VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.).
| | - Tammy L Strawn
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Mao Luo
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Liqun Wang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Rong Li
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Meiping Ren
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Jiyi Xia
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Weizhong Ma
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Tingting Luo
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - William P Fay
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
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